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                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2017-04-24</gco:Date>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Step 2. Developing ESI data for pinniped species.  Harbor seals are the most common pinniped species in New England coastal waters and have increased significantly in abundance over the last few decades. They are present year-round off the coast of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, but are most common as a winter resident south of Cape Cod as they migrate from the Gulf of Maine in September to warmer waters in pursuit of abundant food resources (Raposa and Dapp, 2009). Harbor seal haulouts are most active October through May and are concentrated along the Cape and Islands, Block Island, and Narragansett Bay.  Gray seals are present year-round as well and can regularly be seen hauling out with harbor seals at Monomoy Island, Chatham Harbor, Jeremy Point in Wellfeet, and Muskeget Island and Shoals off Nantucket. Most gray seals in Rhode Island are recently weaned pups in the spring and are spotted only occasionally with harbor seals, such as at the north end of Block Island (Kenney, personal communication).  Breeding for gray seals occurs during the winter months (December through February) and has been noted at haulouts on Monomoy, Muskeget, and Nomans Islands. Harp and hooded seals are present in Massachusetts and Rhode Island waters as well November through May, but do not haul out regularly like harbors and grays. Known occurrences are either strandings or fishery bycatch records (Kenney, personal communication). Harbor and gray seal haulout locations, seasonality, and breeding activity in Massachusetts were provided by Beth Josephson, NEFSC. Harbor seal haulouts in Rhode Island were mapped according the 2009 report A Protocol for Long-term Monitoring of Harbor seals (Phoca Vitulina Concolor) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (Raposa and Dapp) that is based on seal counts conducted in 2007-2008.  This information was supplemented by vector point data from Cheryl Schroeder, Save the Bay (2005), and Wenley Ferguson, Save the Bay, who provided data for two sporadic haulout sites along the Sakonnet River. All digital data obtained from Massachusetts and Rhode Island for the Marine Mammals Layer were edited as necessary to match NOAA ESI Shoreline layer included in this atlas.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:temporalElement>
                    <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-735534">
                          <gml:timePosition>2016</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
              </gmd:sourceExtent>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>