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        <gco:CharacterString>This feature class resides within the BIOLOGY Feature Data Set of the Long Island Sound - 2016 ESI Geodatabase. It contains vector polygons representing sensitive biological resource data for terrestrial mammal species within the Long Island Sound study area. The study area includes Long Island Sound, tidal tributaries and bays, freshwater streams and lakes, and land areas in New York and Connecticut.  The six terrestrial mammal species include Northern river otter (Lontra canadensis), Silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), Hoary bat  (Sylvilagus transitionalis), North American least shrew (Cryptotis parva), and Eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis). Vector polygons in this data set represent terrestrial mammal distributions, colonies, concentration areas, and areas of vulnerable occurrence.

Species-specific abundance, seasonality, status, life history, and source information are stored in associated data tables (described in Entity Attribute Overview below) designed to be used in conjunction with this spatial data layer. This data set is a portion of the ESI data for Long Island Sound.

As a whole, the ESI data characterize the marine and coastal environments and wildlife by their sensitivity to spilled oil, and include information for three main components: shoreline habitats, sensitive biological resources, and human-use resources.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Coastal Zone Management</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:Date>2017-04-24</gco:Date>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Overview:  Six species of terrestrial mammals are represented in this atlas.  This is not intended to include all species present within the study area.  Species were selected based on conservation interest (i.e. endangered, threatened, or special concern), or ecological importance.  Data sources include digital GIS data, published studies, and expert knowledge. 
 A total of 216 polygons were created to represent the distributions of the six selected terrestrial mammal species within the Long Island Sound study area.  Several sources were cited to develop the terrestrial mammal data set.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2016-06-01T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:positionName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>ESI Program Manager</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:positionName>
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>orr.esi@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Species-specific information:  With regard to oil or chemical spills, the most noteworthy terrestrial mammals found in the Long Island Sound study area are the semi-aquatic mammals, which include the northern river otter, muskrat, mink and beaver. There are notable differences in populations of these mammals between the Connecticut coastal area and Long Island in New York.

The northern river otter (Lontra canadensis) had previously been extirpated from Long Island, but recently has re-established a breeding population. The area from Oyster Bay east through the Nissequogue River have definite established populations and this area has been mapped as a vulnerable occurrence. Additionally, experts believe recolonization is actively occurring in the entire Long Island portion of the study area, so all bays, coves, marshes, tidal creeks and adjacent freshwater bodies should be considered to potentially have resident river otters, especially eastward all the way toward Orient Point. In Connecticut, the River Otter population is considered healthy and they should be considered as potentially present in all coastal areas where there are riverine, tidal creek, marsh and nearshore freshwater pond environments.

In both Connecticut and New York, the muskrat is considered ubiquitous in all nearshore aquatic environments including fresh and estuarine marshes, riverine environments and freshwater ponds and upper reaches of salt ponds. Because of their ubiquitous nature, the muskrat is not mapped in this atlas, however, they should be considered as potentially present in all of the above mentioned environments.

Along the Connecticut coastal area, mink are less common than the muskrat, but may be present anywhere where muskrat are found. On Long Island they are also present wherever muskrat may be found, but very uncommon. Mink are not mapped in this atlas due to lack of reliable distribution information.

The beaver while widely distributed in Connecticut, has been extirpated from Long Island.  Reliable distribution data for the Connecticut population is not available and therefore beaver is not mapped here. Beavers however should be considered possibly present in the riparian zone anywhere in the Connecticut portion of the study area.

Also noteworthy is the least shrew (Cryptotis parva), a state endangered small mammal found only in a small part of the Connecticut coastal area. The New England Cottontail is a US Fish and Wildlife Service candidate listing species. The red bat, silver-haired bat, and hoary bat all are a species of special concern in Connecticut.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2016-06-01T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
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                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:positionName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>ESI Program Manager</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>orr.esi@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
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          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>CT Natural Heritage Program GIS Data</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2015-01-01</gco:Date>
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                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                    </gmd:CI_Date>
                  </gmd:date>
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                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Connecticut Natural Heritage Program</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
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              <gmd:sourceExtent>
                <gmd:EX_Extent>
                  <gmd:temporalElement>
                    <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="sourceExtent-582105">
                          <gml:beginPosition>1995</gml:beginPosition>
                          <gml:endPosition>2014</gml:endPosition>
                        </gml:TimePeriod>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
              </gmd:sourceExtent>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NY Natural Heritage Program GIS Data</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2015-01-01</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                    </gmd:CI_Date>
                  </gmd:date>
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                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>NY DEC</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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                  <gmd:temporalElement>
                    <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="sourceExtent-582106">
                          <gml:beginPosition>1980</gml:beginPosition>
                          <gml:endPosition>2014</gml:endPosition>
                        </gml:TimePeriod>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
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          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS OF LONG ISLAND</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2016-01-01</gco:Date>
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                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                    </gmd:CI_Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>MIKE BOTTINI</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:contactInfo>
                        <gmd:CI_Contact>
                          <gmd:onlineResource>
                            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                              <gmd:linkage>
                                <gmd:URL>http://mikebottini.com</gmd:URL>
                              </gmd:linkage>
                              <gmd:protocol>
                                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                              </gmd:protocol>
                              <gmd:name>
                                <gco:CharacterString>Source Citation URL</gco:CharacterString>
                              </gmd:name>
                              <gmd:description>
                                <gco:CharacterString>Source Citation URL</gco:CharacterString>
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                                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                        </gmd:CI_Contact>
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                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
              </gmd:sourceCitation>
              <gmd:sourceExtent>
                <gmd:EX_Extent>
                  <gmd:temporalElement>
                    <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-582107">
                          <gml:timePosition>2016</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
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            </gmd:LI_Source>
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        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataConstraints>
    <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      <gmd:accessConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
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      <gmd:otherConstraints>
        <gco:CharacterString>Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None</gco:CharacterString>
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    </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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