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            <gco:CharacterString>These data represent a synthesis of expert knowledge and available hardcopy reports and digital data on bird nesting, migratory staging, molting, and wintering concentration areas. Refer to the NESTS (Nest Points) data layer for additional nesting information. These data do not necessarily represent all bird occurrences in Western Alaska. The following species are included in this data set: (Species_ID, Common Name, Scientific Name, if applicable):  3, Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata; 10, Pelagic cormorant, Phalacrocorax pelagicus; 11, Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus; 12, Canada goose, Branta canadensis; 13, Brant, Branta bernicla; 14, Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons; 16, Mallard,Anas platyrhynchos; 17, Northern pintail, Anas acuta; 18, Green-winged teal, Anas crecca; 20, Northern shoveler, Anas clypeata; 22, Greater scaup, Aythya marila; 27, Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis; 28, Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus; 29, White-winged scoter, Melanitta fusca; 30, Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata; 31, Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica; 33, Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator; 41, Mew gull, Larus canus; 53, Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus; 55, Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus; 59, Lesser  yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes; 60, Red knot, Calidris canutus; 61, Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos; 62, Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla; 63, Dunlin, Calidris alpina; 65, Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus; 66, Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri; 71, Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola; 72, Surfbird, Aphriza virgata; 73, Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres; 74, Black turnstone, Arenaria melanocephala; 80, Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea; 82, Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus; 103, Common eider, Somateria mollissima; 105, Thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia; 107, Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus; 112, Black guillemot, Cepphus grylle; 113, Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus; 114, Sabines gull, Xema sabini; 156, Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla; 157, Emperor goose, Chen canagica; 158, King eider, Somateria spectabilis; 159, Stellers eider, Polysticta stelleri; 160, Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicaria; 161, Rock sandpiper, Calidris ptilocnemis; 164, American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica; 165, Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica; 169, American wigeon, Anas americana; 172, Sandhill crane, Grus canadensis; 174, Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos; 176, Short-eared owl, Asio  flammeus; 181, Northern harrier, Circus cyaneus; 196, Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago; 197, Black scoter, Melanitta nigra; 201, Short-tailed shearwater, Puffinus tenuirostris; 220, Merlin, Falco columbarius; 232, Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus; 289, Hudsonian godwit, Limosa  haemastica; 292, Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata; 302, Scoters, Melanitta spp.; 410, Ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea; 411, McKays bunting, Plectrophenax hyperboreus; 413, Bristle-thighed curlew, Numenius  tahitiensis; 415, Spectacled eider, Somateria fischeri; 543, Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva; 1002, Shorebirds; 1003, Waterfowl; 1019, Sea ducks.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
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        </gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
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            <gco:CharacterString>A multi-stage error checking process, described in the above Attribute_Accuracy_Report, is used to verify both attribute accuracy and logical consistency throughout data production. This process includes multiple automated logical consistency checks that test the files for missing or duplicate data, rules for proper coding, GIS topological consistencies (such as dangles, unnecessary nodes, etc.), and SQL SERVER(r) to ARC/INFO(r) consistencies. A final review is made by the GIS manager, where the data are written to CD-ROM and the metadata are written.After the data are delivered to NOAA, they are again subjected to a number of quality and consistency checks. In the process of checking for topological and database consistencies, new ID's and RARNUM's or HUNUM's are also generated.  The new ID's are a combination of atlas number, element number, and record number. In addition, the value used to represent the element is modified to reflect the type of feature being mapped. In the case of an element that is normally represented by a point or polygon, a value of 20 is added to the standard element value for mapping of linear features. In the case where an element usually mapped as a polygon is represented by a point, a value of 30 is added to the regular element value. The RARNUM's are also modified to include the atlas number, so multiple atlases can be combined and RARNUM's remain unique. RARNUM's are redefined on an element basis, so "resource at risk" groupings will contain only a single element. HUNUM's are also modified to include the atlas number.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Four main sources of data were used to depict bird distribution and seasonality for this data layer: (1) personal interviews with resource experts from US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Geological Survey (USGS); (2) numerous published and unpublished reports, books, and a small Alaska Dept. of Fish &amp; Game (ADF&amp;G) digital coverage; (3) 2002 USFWS digital coverages depicting density polygons of nesting waterfowl on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta; and (4) 1992-2002 USFWS aerial survey data for waterfowl from two Migratory Bird Management (MBM) offices.  Information gathered during initial interviews and from hardcopy sources was compiled onto USGS 1:250,000 topographic quadrangles.  The compiled data were digitized off the base maps into an ArcInfo system to create the BIRDS data layer.  The 2002 USFWS waterfowl density data were then simplified for readability on the maps and incorporated into this data layer.  All ESI, biology, and human-use data were plotted onto hardcopy draft maps.  Following the creation of draft maps, a second set of interviews with resource experts was conducted.  Participants who were unable to attend the meetings were sent a set of maps for review.  Edits to the BIRDS data layer were made based on the recommendations of the resource experts, and final hardcopy maps were created. Concentration information varied, and therefore for some species and locations, descriptive terms such as "HIGH" or "COMMON" were used, while for others, numerical counts of nests or individuals were used.  Concentration ranges such as "1000s" and "10000s" were used in many cases, as exact concentrations vary from year to year.  Concentration and seasonality information was provided by resource experts, or was extracted from published sources, reports, and survey data.  In some cases, no quantitative abundance data were available.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:DateTime>2003-05-01T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Bird of the Seward Peninsula Alaska</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>1989-01-01</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Kessel, B.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird information | Source Geospatial Form: vector digital data | Type of Source Media: CD-ROM</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:denominator>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Density polygons for nesting waterfowl in the coastal zone of the Yukon Delta</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2002-01-01</gco:Date>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird information | Source Geospatial Form: Digital table | Type of Source Media: Email</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Emperor goose (and other waterfowl) surveys: 1992-2002</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2002-01-01</gco:Date>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird information | Source Geospatial Form: Hardcopy text | Type of Source Media: paper</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Migration &amp; Staging of Shorebirds &amp; Waterfowl at Carter Spit</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:Date>1995-01-01</gco:Date>
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                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Seppi, B.E</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gml:timePosition>1994</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird information | Source Geospatial Form: Digital vector data | Type of Source Media: paper</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:denominator>
                    <gco:Integer>63360</gco:Integer>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Most Environmentally Sensitive Areas (MESA) data</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2002-01-01</gco:Date>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Alaska Dept. of Fish &amp; Game (ADF&amp;G).</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gml:timePosition>2002</gml:timePosition>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Nesting seabird seasonality</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gml:timePosition>2001</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
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                        <gco:Date>2001-01-01</gco:Date>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Bowman, T. and G. Balogh</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gml:timePosition>2001</gml:timePosition>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird information | Source Geospatial Form: Hardcopy text | Type of Source Media: paper</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Profiles of important shorebird sites in Alaska</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_Date>
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                        <gco:Date>2001-01-01</gco:Date>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Gill, Tibbitts, &amp; Handel</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-605781">
                          <gml:timePosition>2001</gml:timePosition>
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                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird information | Source Geospatial Form: Expert knowledge | Type of Source Media: Personal communication</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Raptor concentration areas</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>McCaffery, B. (NPS, Bethel)</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-605773">
                          <gml:timePosition>2002</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
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            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird information | Source Geospatial Form: Expert knowledge | Type of Source Media: Personal communication</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Red-throated loon concentration areas</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
                  <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Schmutz, J. (USGS, Anchorage)</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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