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            <gco:CharacterString>These data represent a synthesis of expert knowledge and available hardcopy reports and digital data on bird nesting, foraging, and rafting concentration areas. Refer to the NESTS (Nest Points) data layer for additional nesting information. These data do not necessarily represent all bird occurrences in the states of Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey. The following species are included in this data set (Species_ID, Common Name, Scientific Name, if applicable):  1, Common loon, Gavia immer; 3, Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata; 4, Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena; 5, Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus; 8, Double-crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus; 12, Canada goose, Branta canadensis; 13, Brant, Branta bernicla; 15, Snow goose, Chen caerulescens; 16, Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos; 17, Northern pintail, Anas acuta; 18, Green-winged teal, Anas crecca; 20, Northern shoveler, Anas clypeata; 21, Canvasback, Aythya valisineria; 22, Greater scaup, Aythya marila; 23, Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis; 24, Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula; 26, Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola; 27, Oldsquaw, Clangula hyemalis; 28, Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus; 29, White-winged scoter, Melanitta fusca; 30, Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata; 32, Common merganser, Mergus merganser; 33, Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator; 34, American coot, Fulica americana; 38, Herring gull, Larus argentatus; 45, Common tern, Sterna hirundo; 54, Great blue heron, Ardea herodias; 56, Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia; 58, Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca; 59, Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes; 60, Red knot, Calidris canutus; 62, Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla; 63, Dunlin, Calidris alpina; 64, Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus; 67, Sanderling, Calidris alba; 69, Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus; 70, Killdeer, Charadrius vociferous; 73, Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres; 76, Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus; 77, Osprey, Pandion haliaetus; 86, Least tern, Sterna antillarum; 87, Little blue heron, Egretta caerulea; 88, Great egret, Ardea alba; 89, Snowy egret, Egretta thula; 90, Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax; 91, Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus; 92, Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus; 93, Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis; 94, Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor; 95, Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii; 97, Green heron, Butorides virescens; 98, Laughing gull, Larus atricilla; 103, Common eider, Somateria mollissima; 107, Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus; 120, Yellow-crowned night-heron, Nyctanassa violacea; 124, Redhead, Aythya americana; 125, Clapper rail, Rallus longirostris; 133, Black skimmer, Rynchops niger; 138, Forsters tern, Sterna forsteri; 141, American avocet, Recurvirostra americana; 147, Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis; 148, Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis; 150, Black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis; 152, American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliates; 153, Piping plover, Charadrius melodus; 155, Willet, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus; 156, Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla; 162, Gadwall, Anas strepera; 167, Northern gannet, Morus bassanus; 169, American wigeon, Anas americana; 178, Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis; 179, Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps; 180, Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris; 181, Northern harrier, Circus cyaneus; 182, American kestrel, Falco sparverius; 184, King rail, Rallus elegans; 185, American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus; 186, American black duck, Anas rubripes; 187, Virginia rail, Rallus limicola; 188, Sora, Porzana carolina; 189, Yellow rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis; 190, Blue-winged teal, Anas discors; 191, Wood duck, Aix sponsa; 192, Common moorhen, Gallinula chloropus; 195, American woodcock, Scolopax minor; 197, Black (common) scoter, Melanitta nigra; 198, Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus; 212, Purple gallinule, Porphyrula martinica; 216, Belted kingfisher, Ceryle alcyon; 217, Mute swan, Cygnus olor; 218, Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus; 223, Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda; 224, Sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis; 230, Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis; 234, Purple sandpiper, Calidris maritime; 271, Rails; 277, Seaside sparrow, Ammodramus maritimus; 278, Saltmarsh sharp-tailed sparrow, Ammodramus caudacutus; 299, Scaup, Aythya spp.; 300, Goldeneye, Bucephala spp.; 301, Mergansers; 302, Scoters, Melanitta spp.; 316, Endangered shorebird; 385, Common barn owl, Tyto alba; 595, Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris; 596, Purple martin, Progne subis; 597, Ipswich sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis prin; 600, Long-eared owl, Asio otus; 603, Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata; 604, Eastern screech owl, Otus asio; 1001, Gulls; 1002, Shorebirds; 1003, Waterfowl; 1004, Wading birds; 1005, Raptors; 1006, Diving birds; 1008, Terns; 1014, Diving ducks; 1019, Sea ducks.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conceptual Consistency</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>A multi-stage error checking process, described in the above Attribute_Accuracy_Report, is used to verify both attribute accuracy and logical consistency throughout data production. This process includes multiple automated logical consistency checks that test the files for missing or duplicate data, rules for proper coding, GIS topological consistencies (such as dangles, unnecessary node, etc.), and ORACLE (r) to ARC/INFO(r) consistencies. A final review is made by the GIS manager, where the data are written to CD-ROM and the metadata are written. After the data are delivered to NOAA, they are again subjected to a number of quality and consistency checks. In the process of checking for topological and database consistencies, new ID's and RARNUM's or HUNUM's are also generated.  The new ID's are a combination of atlas number, element number, and record number. In addition, the value used to represent the element is modified to reflect the type of feature being mapped. In the case of an element that is normally represented by a point or polygon, a value of 20 is added to the standard element value for mapping of linear features. In the case where an element usually mapped as a polygon is represented by a point, a value of 30 is added to the regular element value. The RARNUM's are also modified to include the atlas number, so multiple atlases can be combined and RARNUM's remain unique. RARNUM's are redefined on an element basis, so "resources at risk" groupings will contain only a single element. HUNUM's are also modified to include the atlas number.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
      </gmd:report>
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          <gmd:statement gco:nilReason="missing" />
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Three main sources of data were used to depict bird distribution and seasonality for this data layer: 1) personal interviews with resource experts from Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (RI DEM), Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP), New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYS DEC), New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJ DEP), Rutgers University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and University of Rhode Island (URI); 2) a 1992 Rhode Island Resource Protection Project (RIRPP) digital colonial waterbird nesting site coverage, a 1998 CT DEP colonial waterbird nesting site coverage, a 1999 CT DEP waterfowl coverage, 1999 and 2000 NJ DEP Natural Heritage Program coverages, and 1997 spring and 2000 mid-winter NJ DEP waterfowl coverages; and 3) various hardcopy maps, reports, and books provided or suggested by resource experts at the various state agencies.  Information gathered during initial interviews and from hardcopy maps and reports was compiled onto U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000 topographic quadrangles.  Digital data was either used exactly as it was provided, or information from the coverages was transposed by hand onto the topographic quadrangles if the format that it was received in was not compatible with the ESI data format.  Following the data compilation phase, two sets of completed maps were sent out to the resources agencies for review, and edits were made based on recommendations by the resource experts. Concentration information varied, and therefore for some species and locations, descriptive terms such as "very high," "high," "common," or "abundant" were used, while for others, numerical counts of nests or individuals were used.  In many cases, concentration information was provided by resource experts.  The 1998 CT DEP colonial waterbird nesting site coverage included counts of nests and nesting pairs at nests surveyed between 1972-1998.  The 1997 and 2000 NJ DEP waterfowl data included counts of individual migrating/wintering waterfowl species that were surveyed during those two years within polygonal transects.  The maximum count recorded for each species over multiple survey dates was used for all nesting sites and waterfowl transects as to err on the side of protection. In some cases, no quantitative abundance data were available.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
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                <gco:DateTime>2001-09-01T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
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            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Expert knowledge | Type of Source Media: Personal communication</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Bird and reptile concentration areas in NY</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
                  <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Alderson, C. (NYS DEC)</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-605066">
                          <gml:timePosition>2001</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
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                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
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            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Expert knowledge | Type of Source Media: Personal communication</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Bird and wildlife distribution and seasonality for CT</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
                  <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Victoria, J. (CTDEP, N. Franklin)</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
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                    <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-605046">
                          <gml:timePosition>2000</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
              </gmd:sourceExtent>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
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          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Expert knowledge | Type of Source Media: Personal communication</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Bird concentration areas</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
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                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>USFWS</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-605062">
                          <gml:timePosition>2001</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
              </gmd:sourceExtent>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
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          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Expert knowledge | Type of Source Media: Personal communication</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Bird concentration areas in RI</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2000-01-01</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                      </gmd:dateType>
                    </gmd:CI_Date>
                  </gmd:date>
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                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>RIDEM, DF&amp;W, Wakefield</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
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                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-605038">
                          <gml:timePosition>2000</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Expert knowledge | Type of Source Media: Personal communication</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Bird seasonality information for RI</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
                  <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>USFWS &amp; URI</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
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                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-605064">
                          <gml:timePosition>2001</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
              </gmd:sourceExtent>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
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          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Expert knowledge | Type of Source Media: Personal communication</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Bird, terrapin, and plant concentration areas in NY</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
                  <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Del Puerto, M. (NYSDEC, LIC)</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
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                <gmd:EX_Extent>
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                    <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-605048">
                          <gml:timePosition>2000</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
              </gmd:sourceExtent>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Hardcopy text | Type of Source Media: paper</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Birds of the Hackensack Meadowlands</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2000-01-01</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                      </gmd:dateType>
                    </gmd:CI_Date>
                  </gmd:date>
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                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Hackensack Meadowlands DCEC</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
              </gmd:sourceCitation>
              <gmd:sourceExtent>
                <gmd:EX_Extent>
                  <gmd:temporalElement>
                    <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="sourceExtent-605059">
                          <gml:timePosition>2000</gml:timePosition>
                        </gml:TimeInstant>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
              </gmd:sourceExtent>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
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          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Hardcopy text | Type of Source Media: paper</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Bull's Birds of New York State</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>1998-01-01</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                      </gmd:dateType>
                    </gmd:CI_Date>
                  </gmd:date>
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                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Levine, E.</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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                    <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="sourceExtent-605049">
                          <gml:beginPosition>1974</gml:beginPosition>
                          <gml:endPosition>1998</gml:endPosition>
                        </gml:TimePeriod>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
              </gmd:sourceExtent>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
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          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Digital points | Type of Source Media: online</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Colonial waterbird nesting sites in RI</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>1992-01-01</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                      </gmd:dateType>
                    </gmd:CI_Date>
                  </gmd:date>
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                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>RI Resource Protection Project</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
              </gmd:sourceCitation>
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                <gmd:EX_Extent>
                  <gmd:temporalElement>
                    <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="sourceExtent-605037">
                          <gml:beginPosition>1991</gml:beginPosition>
                          <gml:endPosition>1992</gml:endPosition>
                        </gml:TimePeriod>
                      </gmd:extent>
                    </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                  </gmd:temporalElement>
                </gmd:EX_Extent>
              </gmd:sourceExtent>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Source Contribution: Bird Information | Source Geospatial Form: Expert knowledge | Type of Source Media: Personal communication</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Colonial waterbird nesting sites in RI</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2000-01-01</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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