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        <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Florence Topobathymetric Lidar data were collected by NV5 Geospatial (NV5) in 9 blocks from 20191126 - 20200825 using the follow sensors:

Block01 -Riegl VQ880GII system
Block02 -  Riegl VQ-880-G and Riegl VQ-880-GII systems
Block03 - Riegl VQ880G, Riegl VQ880GII, and Riegl VQ880GH systems
Block04 -  Riegl VQ880GII and Leica Chiroptera 4x systems
Block05 - Riegl VQ880GII, Leica Chiroptera 4x and Hawkeye systems
Block06 - Riegl VQ880GII, Leica Chiroptera 4x and Hawkeye systems
Block07 - Riegl VQ880G, Riegl VQ880GII, and Leica Chiroptera 4x systems
Block08 - Riegl VQ880G and Riegl VQ880GII systems
Block09 - Riegl VQ880G and Riegl VQ880GII systems


This dataset includes topobathymetric data in a LAS format 1.4, point data record format 6, with classifications in accordance with project specifications and the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) classification standards.

This data set also includes LiDAR intensity values, number of returns, return number, time, and scan angle. The 100 meter buffered project area consists of  approximately 3,075,010 acres along the Eastern coast of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.</gco:CharacterString>
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Absolute vertical accuracy was assessed using Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) survey methods. Survey check points were evenly distributed as feasible throughout the project area. NVA compares known ground check point data that were withheld from the calibration and post-processing of the lidar point cloud to the triangulated surface generated by the unclassified lidar point cloud. NVA is a measure of the accuracy of lidar point data in open areas with level slope (less than 20Â°) where the lidar system has a high probability of measuring the ground surface and is evaluated at the 95% confidence interval (1.96*RMSE).  Project specifications require NVA meet 0.196 m accuracy at the 95% confidence interval. 

Submerged topography points were tested separately to calculate accuracy and usually occurred in depths up to 1m. Project specifications require submerged topography shall meet a  vertical RMSE of QL2b specified in the Draft National Coastal Mapping strategy 1.0 which is equivalent to 0.30 m RMSE at a depth of 1 m. Please refer to the NOAA Hurricane Florence Topobathymetric lidar final data report for final accuracies, to be provided upon project completion.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Block01: Based on a flying altitude of 400 meters, an IMU error of 0.002 decimal degrees, and a GNSS positional error of 0.015 meters, the RMSEr value for the Delivery 1 area is 0.029 meters, with a ACCr of 0.05 meters at the 95% confidence level. 

Block02:Based on a flying altitude of 400 meters, an IMU error of 0.005 decimal degrees, and a GNSS positional error of 0.015 meters, the RMSEr value for the Delivery 2 area is 0.064 meters, with a ACCr of 0.11 meters at the 95% confidence level.

Block03:Based on a flying altitude of 400 meters, an IMU error of 0.006 decimal degrees, and a GNSS positional error of 0.015 meters, the RMSEr value for the Delivery 3 area is 0.076 meters, with a ACCr of 0.13 meters at the 95% confidence level.  The project specification requires horizontal positions to be accurate to 1.0m(RMSE).

Block04:Based on a flying altitude of 400 meters, an IMU error of 0.003 decimal degrees, and a GNSS positional error of 0.015 meters, the RMSEr value for the Delivery 4 area is 0.040 meters, with a ACCr of 0.07 meters at the 95% confidence level.

Block05: Based on a flying altitude of 400 meters, an IMU error of 0.003 decimal degrees, and a GNSS positional error of 0.015 meters, the RMSEr value for the Delivery 5 area is 0.040 meters, with a ACCr of 0.07 meters at the 95% confidence level.

Block06: Based on a flying altitude of 400 meters, an IMU error of 0.005 decimal degrees, and a GNSS positional error of 0.015 meters, the RMSEr value for the Delivery 6 area is 0.064 meters, with a ACCr of 0.11 meters at the 95% confidence level.

Block07:Based on a flying altitude of 400 meters, an IMU error of 0.005 decimal degrees, and a GNSS positional error of 0.015 meters, the RMSEr value for the Delivery 7 area is 0.064 meters, with a ACCr of 0.11 meters at the 95% confidence level.

Block08:  Based on a flying altitude of 400 meters, an IMU error of 0.005 decimal degrees, and a GNSS positional error of 0.015 meters, the RMSEr value for the Delivery 8 area is 0.064 meters, with a ACCr of 0.11 meters at the 95% confidence level.

Block09: Based on a flying altitude of 400 meters, an IMU error of 0.006 decimal degrees, and a GNSS positional error of 0.023 meters, the RMSEr value for the Delivery 9 area is 0.078 meters, with a ACCr of 0.14 meters at the 95% confidence level.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Block01dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.045 m at the 95% confidence level against the unclassified point cloud in open terrain using 10 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.018 m) x 1.9600.  Submerged topography accuracy tested 0.069 m at the 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 34 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.035 m) x 1.9600. 

Block02 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.081 m at the 95% confidence level against the ground classified point cloud in open terrain using 14 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.041 m) x 1.9600.  Submerged topography accuracy tested 0.102 m at the 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 89 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.052 m) x 1.9600. Submerged topography checkpoints usually occur in depths up to 1m.

Block03 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.055 m at the 95% confidence level against the unclassified point cloud in open terrain using 19 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.028 m) x 1.9600.  Submerged topography accuracy tested 0.140 m at the 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 60 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.072 m) x 1.9600.

Block04 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.053 m at the 95% confidence level against the unclassified point cloud in open terrain using 8 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.027 m) x 1.9600.  Submerged topography accuracy tested 0.058 m at the 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 34 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.030 m) x 1.9600. 

Block05 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.045 m at the 95% confidence level against the unclassified point cloud in open terrain using 27 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.023 m) x 1.9600.  Submerged topography accuracy tested 0.129 m at the 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 308 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.066 m) x 1.9600. 

Block06 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.101 m at the 95% confidence level against the unclassified point cloud in open terrain using 27 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.051 m) x 1.9600.  Submerged topography accuracy tested 0.171 m at the 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 165 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.087 m) x 1.9600. 

Block07 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.047 m at the 95% confidence level against the unclassified point cloud in open terrain using 24 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.024 m) x 1.9600.  Submerged topography accuracy tested 0.086 m at the 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 124 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.044 m) x 1.9600. 

Block08 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.071 m  at the 95% confidence level against the unclassified point cloud in open terrain using 23 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.036 m) x 1.9600.  Submerged topography accuracy tested 0.092 m at the 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 123 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.047 m) x 1.9600. 

Block09 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.076 m at the 95% confidence level against the unclassified  point cloud in open terrain using 34 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.039 m) x 1.9600.  Submerged topography accuracy tested 0.132 m at the 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 11 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.067 m) x 1.9600.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Completeness Measure</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Block01 is comprised of 1048 - 500 m x 500 m LAS tiles covering 117,958 acres.
Block02 is comprised of 5,381- 500 m x 500 m LAS tiles covering 266,749 acres.
Block03 is comprised of 6,549 - 500 m x 500 m LAS tiles covering 316,143 acres.
Block04 is comprised of 5,529 - 500 m x 500 m LAS tiles covering 313,361 acres.
Block05 is comprised of 5,182 - 500 m x 500 m LAS tiles covering 351,277 acres.
Block06 is comprised of 6,180 - 500 m x 500 m LAS tiles covering 350,238 acres.
Block07 is comprised of 8,896 - 500 m x 500 m LAS tiles covering 396,241 acres.
Block08 is comprised of 9,593 - 500 m x 500 m LAS tiles covering 514,295 acres.
Block09 is comprised of 13,337 - 500 m x 500 m LAS tiles covering 678,311 acres.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conceptual Consistency</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Not applicable</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement gco:nilReason="missing" />
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Data for the NOAA Florence Topobathymetric Lidar project area was acquired by NV5 Geospatial (NV5).  All derived LAS data is referenced to: 
				Horizontal Datum-NAD83(2011) epoch: 2010.00
				Projection-UTM Zone 18N
				Horizontal Units-meters
				Vertical Datum-GRS80 Ellipsoid
				Vertical Units-meters


The collected lidar data were immediately processed in the field by NV5 to a level that will allow QA\QC measures to determine if the sensor is functioning properly and assess the coverage of submerged topography. An initial SBET was created in POSPAC MMS 8.3 SP3 and loaded into RiProcess which applies pre-calibrated angular misalignment corrections of scanner position to extract the raw point cloud into geo-referenced LAS files. These files were inspected for sensor malfunctions and then passed through automated raster generation using LAStools to develop an initial assessment of bathymetric coverage. NV5 reviewed all acquired flight lines to ensure complete coverage and positional accuracy of the laser points. These rasters were also used to create an initial product in Quick Look Coverage Maps. These Quick Look files are not fully processed data or final products but provide rapid assessment of approximate coverage and depth penetration.

NV5 resolved kinematic corrections for aircraft position data using aircraft GNSS and Applanix's proprietary PP-RTX solution. When PP-RTX was not used NV5 conducted static Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ground surveys (1 Hz recording frequency) using base stations over known monument locations during flights. After the airborne survey, static GPS data were triangulated with nearby Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) using the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) for precise positioning. Multiple independent sessions over the same base station were performed to confirm antenna height measurements and to refine position accuracy.  This data was used to correct the continuous on board measurements of the aircraft position recorded throughout the flight. A final smoothed best estimate trajectory (SBET) was developed that blends post-processed aircraft position with attitude data. Using the SBETs, sensor head position and attitude were then calculated throughout the survey. Trimble Business Center v.3.90, Blue Marble Geographic Calculator 2019, and PosPac MMS 8.3 SP3 were used for these processes.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2020-10-02T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NGS Communications and Outreach Branch</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:organisationName>
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:phone>
                        <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                          <gmd:voice>
                            <gco:CharacterString>(301) 713-3242</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:voice>
                        </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      </gmd:phone>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>ngs.infocenter@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Following final SBET creation, NV5 used RiProcess 1.8.5 to calculate laser point positioning  by associating SBET positions to each laser point return time, scan angle, and intensity. Terra 19 and LasTools were used to classify water surface and create a water surface model. They are created for single swaths to ensure temporal differences and wave or water surface height variations between flight lines do not impact the refraction of the bathymetric data.  These models are used in NV5's LasMonkey refraction tool to determine the accurate positioning of bathymetric points.  All lidar data below water surface models were classified as water column to be refracted. Light travels at different speeds in air versus water and its direction of travel or angle is changed or refracted when entering the water column. The refraction tool corrects for this difference by adjusting the depth (distance traveled) and horizontal positioning (change of angle/direction) of the lidar data.  Using raster-based QC methods, the output data is verified to ensure the refraction tool functioned properly. 

In addition, for Blocks 4 - 7, following final SBET creation for the Leica Chiroptera 4X and Hawkeye systems, NV5 used Leica Lidar Survey Studio (LSS) to calculate laser point positioning by associating SBET positions to each laser point return time, scan angle, and intensity. Leica LSS was used to derive a synthetic water surface to create a water surface model. Light travels at different speeds in air versus water and its direction of travel or angle is changed or refracted when entering the water column. The refraction tool corrects for this difference by adjusting the depth (distance traveled) and horizontal positioning (change of angle/direction) of the lidar data. All lidar data below water surface models were classified as water column to correct for refraction. Using raster-based QC methods, the output data is verified to ensure the refraction tool functioned properly.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2020-12-17T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>National Geodetic Survey</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:organisationName>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Once all data was refracted by flight line data was exported to LAS 1.4 format and combined into 500 m x 500 m tiles. Data were then further calibrated using TerraMatch. NV5 used custom algorithms in TerraScan to classify the initial ground/submerged topography surface points.  Relative accuracy of overlapping swaths was compared and verified through the use Delta-Z (DZ) orthos created using NV5's Las Product Creator.  Absolute vertical accuracy of the calibrated data was assessed using ground survey data and complete coverage was again verified. 

Post automated classification NV5 then performed manual editing to review all classification and improve the final topobathymetric surface. NV5's LasMonkey was used to update LAS header information, including all projection and coordinate reference system information. The final lidar data are in LAS format 1.4 and point data record format 6.

The delivered dataset used the following classification scheme for Block01, Block02, Block03, Block08 and Block09:
				1 - Unclassified
				2 - Ground 
				7 - Noise
				40 - Bathymetric Bottom or Submerged Topography
				41 - Water Surface
				43 - Submerged feature
				45 - Water Column 
				46 - Temporal Bathymetric Bottom
				71 - Overlap Default
				72 - Overlap Ground
				81 - Overlap Water Surface
				85 - Overlap Water Column
				1-Overlap - Edge Clip


The delivered dataset used the following classification scheme for Block04, Block05, Block06 and Block07:
				1 - unclassified
				2 - ground
				7 - noise
				40 - bathymetric bottom or submerged topography
				41 - water surface
				42 Synthetic- Chiroptera synthetic water surface
				43 - submerged feature
				45 - water column
				46 - overlap bathy bottom - temporally different from a separate lift
				71 - unclassified associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
				72 - ground associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
				81 - water surface associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
				81 Synthetic - Chiroptera synthetic water surface associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
				85 - water column associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
				1 Overlap - edge clip 
				1 Withheld - unrefracted green data from Chiroptera sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2022-01-29T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>National Geodetic Survey</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:organisationName>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received files in laz format. The files contained lidar elevation and intensity measurements. The data were in UTM Zone 18 coordinates and ellipsoid elevations in meters. OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes:

1. Converted from UTM Zone 18 to geographic coordinates

2. Sorted by gps time.

3. Moved data from class 46 to class 22, class 71 to class 1, class 72 to class 22 and class 85 to class 1</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2022-04-07T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Office for Coastal Management</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:organisationName>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Acquisition and Processing</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
                  <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>NV5 Geospatial, Inc</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="originator">originator</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                      </gmd:role>
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
              </gmd:sourceCitation>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>