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			2 - ground
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			40 - bathymetric bottom or submerged topography
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			43 - submerged feature
			45 - water column
			46 - overlap bathy bottom - temporally different from a separate lift
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			85 - water column associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
			1 Overlap - edge clip 
			1 Withheld- green sensor returns within topographic areas
			42 Synthetic - synthetic water surface
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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                    <gco:Date>2017-04-24</gco:Date>
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                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                </gmd:CI_Date>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                          </gmd:linkage>
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                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
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            <gco:CharacterString>NGS Lidar</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations.</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>NOAA/NMFS/EDM</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nos/ngs/dmp/pdf/65556.pdf</gmd:URL>
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                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode" codeListValue="vector">vector</gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode>
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        <gco:CharacterString>eng; US</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>OS Independent</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-1-1">
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        <gco:CharacterString>Data from MD1902 and MD1903 includes all lidar returns. An automated grounding classification algorithm was used to determine bare earth and submerged topography point classification. The automated grounding was followed with manual editing. Depth values were adjusted per sensor to NOAA provided ground truth data. Bathymetric intensity values were normalized for water depth. Classes 2 (ground), 40 (submerged topography), and 43 (submerged object) were used to create the final DEMs. The full workflow used for this project will be documented in the NOAA Chesapeake Bay MD_1902_1903 Topobathymetric lidar final report.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc. A new metadata will be produced to reflect your request using this record as a base. Change to an orthometric vertical datum is one of the many options.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dem/NGS_ChesepeakeBay_MD_topobathy_DEM_2019_9425/index.html</gmd:URL>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Bulk download of data files in LAZ format, geographic coordinates, orthometric heights. Note that the vertical datum (hence elevations) of the files here are different than described in this document. They will be in an orthometric datum.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Vertical Positional Accuracy</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Absolute accuracy was assessed using both Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) and Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (VVA) survey methods. Survey checkpoints were evenly distributed as feasible throughout the project area. NVA compares known ground check point data that were withheld from the calibration and post-processing of the lidar point cloud to the derived gridded bare earth DEM. NVA is a measure of the accuracy of lidar point data in open areas with level slope (less than 20Â degrees) where the lidar system has a high probability of measuring the ground surface and is evaluated at the 95% confidence interval (1.96*RMSE). 

Vertical Positional Accuracy for MD1902
In the MD1902 data extent, 9 survey checkpoints were used to assess the vegetated vertical accuracy. Project specifications require VVA meet 0.36 m based on the 95th percentile tested against the derived bare earth DEM. Submerged topography points were tested separately. In the MD1902 data extent, 89 survey checkpoints were used to assess the submerged topography accuracy. Project specifications require submerged topography shall meet a vertical RMSE of QL2b specified in the Draft National Coastal Mapping strategy 1.0 which is equivalent to 0.30 m RMSE at a depth of 1 m. Please refer to the  final data report for final accuracies.

The MD1902 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.064 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level against the derived bare earth DEM in open terrain using 25 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.036 m) x 1.9600.

The MD1902 dataset Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.119 m vertical accuracy at the 95th percentile against the derived bare earth DEM using 9 landclass points.

The MD1902 dataset tested 0.136 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level against the derived topobathymetric bare earth DEM using 89 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.069 m) x 1.9600. Submerged topography checkpoints usually occur in depths up to 1m.


Vertical Positional Accuracy for MD1903

In the MD1903 data extent, 11 survey checkpoints were used to assess the vegetated vertical accuracy. Project specifications require VVA meet 0.36 m based on the 95th percentile tested against the derived bare earth DEM. Submerged topography points were tested separately. In the MD1903 data extent, 43 survey checkpoints were used to assess the submerged topography accuracy. Project specifications require submerged topography shall meet a vertical RMSE of QL2b specified in the Draft National Coastal Mapping strategy 1.0 which is equivalent to 0.30 m RMSE at a depth of 1 m.   Please refer to the  final data report for final accuracies.

The MD1903 dataset Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.081 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level against the derived bare earth DEM in open terrain using 23 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.041 m) x 1.9600.

The MD1903 dataset Vegetated Vertical Accuracy tested 0.159 m vertical accuracy at the 95th percentile against the derived bare earth DEM using 11 landclass points.

The MD1903 dataset tested 0.158 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level against the derived topobathymetric bare earth DEM using 43 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.081 m) x 1.9600. Submerged topography checkpoints usually occur in depths up to 1m.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Completeness Report</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Data covers the project boundary.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conceptual Consistency</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Not applicable</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement gco:nilReason="missing" />
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Data for The NOAA Chesapeake Bay MD1903 Topobathymetric lidar  project area was acquired by NV5 Geospatial (NV5) using a Leica Chiroptera 4x Topobathy lidar system. All derived LAS data is referenced to: 
		
				Horizontal Datum-NAD83(2011) epoch: 2010.00	
				Projection-UTM Zone 18N	
				Horizontal Units-meters	
				Vertical Datum-NAVD88 (Geoid12b)	
				Vertical Units-meters   

The collected lidar data were immediately processed in the field by NV5 to a level that will allow QA\QC measures to determine if the sensor is functioning properly and assess the coverage of submerged topography. An initial SBET was created in POSPAC MMS 8.3 SP3 and loaded into RiProcess which applies pre-calibrated angular misalignment corrections of scanner position to extract the raw point cloud into geo-referenced LAS files. These files were inspected for sensor malfunctions and then passed through automated raster generation using LAStools to develop an initial assessment of bathymetric coverage. NV5 reviewed all acquired flight lines to ensure complete coverage and positional accuracy of the laser points. These rasters were also used to create an initial product in Quick Look Coverage Maps. These Quick Look files are not fully processed data or final products but provide rapid assessment of approximate coverage and depth penetration.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2021-07-08T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NGS Communications and Outreach Branch</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:organisationName>
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:phone>
                        <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                          <gmd:voice>
                            <gco:CharacterString>(301) 713-3242</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:voice>
                        </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      </gmd:phone>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>ngs.infocenter@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>NV5 resolved kinematic corrections for aircraft position data using aircraft GNSS and Applanix's proprietary PP-RTX solution. When PP-RTX was not used NV5 conducted static Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ground surveys (1 Hz recording frequency) using base stations over known monument locations during flights. After the airborne survey, static GPS data were triangulated with nearby Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) using the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) for precise positioning. Multiple independent sessions over the same base station were performed to confirm antenna height measurements and to refine position accuracy.

This data was used to correct the continuous on board measurements of the aircraft position recorded throughout the flight. A final smoothed best estimate trajectory (SBET) was developed that blends post-processed aircraft position with attitude data. Using the SBETs, sensor head position and attitude were then calculated throughout the survey. Trimble Business Center v.3.90, Blue Marble Geographic Calculator 2019, and PosPac MMS 8.3 SP3 were used for these processes.

Following final SBET creation, NV5 used Leica Lidar Survey Studio (LSS) to calculate laser point positioning by associating SBET positions to each laser point return time, scan angle, and intensity. Leica LSS was used to derive a synthetic water surface to create a water surface model. Light travels at different speeds in air versus water and its direction of travel or angle is changed or refracted when entering the water column. The refraction tool corrects for this difference by adjusting the depth (distance traveled) and horizontal positioning (change of angle/direction) of the lidar data. All lidar data below water surface models were classified as water column to correct for refraction. Using raster-based QC methods, the output data is verified to ensure the refraction tool functioned properly.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2021-07-08T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Once all data was refracted by flight line data was exported to LAS 1.4 format and combined into 500 m x 500 m tiles. Data were then further calibrated using TerraMatch. NV5 used custom algorithms in TerraScan to classify the initial ground/submerged topography surface points.  Relative accuracy of overlapping swaths was compared and verified through the use Delta-Z (DZ) orthos created using NV5's Las Product Creator. Absolute vertical accuracy of the calibrated data was assessed using ground survey data and complete coverage was again verified. 

Post automated classification NV5 then performed manual editing to review all classification and improve the final topobathymetric surface. NV5's LasMonkey was used to update LAS header information, including all projection and coordinate reference system information. The final lidar data are in LAS format 1.4 and point data record format 6.

				1 - unclassified
				2 - ground
				7 - noise
				40 - bathymetric bottom or submerged topography
				41 - water surface
				43 - submerged feature
				45 - water column
				46 - overlap bathy bottom - temporally different from a separate lift
				71 - unclassified associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
				72 - ground associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
				81 - water surface associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
				85 - water column associated with areas of overlap bathy bottom/temporal bathymetric differences
				1 Overlap - edge clip 
				1 Withheld- green sensor returns within topographic areas
				42 Synthetic - synthetic water surface</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2021-07-08T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>NV5 transformed the final lidar data from ellipsoid heights to orthometric heights referenced to NAVD88, Geoid 12b to create the final topobathymetric void clipped DEMs. The topobathymetric bare earth DEMs were output at 1 meter resolution in GeoTIFF format.  The rasters are clipped to the extent of the project boundary and named according to project specifications.	

A bathymetric void shapefile was created to indicate areas where there was a lack of bathymetric returns. This shape was created by triangulating bathymetric bottom points with an edge length maximum of 4.56m to identify all areas greater then 9 square meters without bathymetric returns. This shapefile was used to clip and exclude interpolated elevation data from these areas in the bathymetric void clipped topobathymetric bare earth model.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2021-07-08T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received files in IMG format. OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes: 1. Converted from IMG to GeoTiff</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2021-10-08T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Office for Coastal Management</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:organisationName>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Acquisition and Processing</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
                  <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>NV5 Geospatial (NV5)</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="originator">originator</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                      </gmd:role>
                    </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
              </gmd:sourceCitation>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>