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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Theme Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA NOS Harvest Catalog</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Place Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="temporal">temporal</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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            <gco:CharacterString>NGS Lidar</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>InPort</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-7-1">
                  <gml:description>Data acquired from 20170218-20170221 and 20170226-20170226</gml:description>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2017-02-18</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2017-02-27</gml:endPosition>
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        <gco:CharacterString>The data includes all lidar returns. An automated grounding classification algorithm was used to determine bare earth and submerged topography point classification. The automated grounding was followed with manual editing.</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:featureTypes>
        <gco:LocalName>Other</gco:LocalName>
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      <gmd:featureCatalogueCitation xlink:href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/72033" xlink:actuate="onRequest">
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            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA NGS Topobathy Lidar Class Scheme: Coastal South Carolina</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:Date>2024-02-01</gco:Date>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>2234 South Hobson Ave</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Charleston</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:URL>https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/8575/index.html</gmd:URL>
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                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                <gmd:URL>https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=8575</gmd:URL>
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    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
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            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
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        <gmd:DQ_NonQuantitativeAttributeAccuracy>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Representativeness</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Absolute accuracy was assessed using both Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) and Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (VVA) survey methods. Survey checkpoints were evenly distributed, as much as possible, throughout the project area. NVA compares known ground check point data that were withheld from the calibration and post-processing of the LiDAR point cloud to the triangulated surface generated by the LiDAR points that were calibrated and post-processed. NVA is a measure of the accuracy of LiDAR point data in open areas with level slope (less than 20 degrees) where the LiDAR system has a high probability of measuring the ground surface and is evaluated at the 95% confidence interval (1.96*RMSE.).   Ground check points located in land cover categories other than bare earth, urban, or submerged topography were used to compute the Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (VVA). QSI assessed three land cover categories: tall grass, brush and small trees, and forested.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_NonQuantitativeAttributeAccuracy>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Vertical Positional Accuracy</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>D1/D2 dataset tested 0.301 m vegetated vertical accuracy at 95th percentile using 9 mixed landclass points.  The non-vegetated accuracy (NVA) tested 0.060 m vertical accuracy  at 95% confidence level in open terrain using 23 ground check points based on RMSEz (0.031 m) x 1.9600.  The bathymetric vertical accuracy tested 0.231 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level in submerged topography using 38 submerged control points, based on RMSEz (0.118 m) x 1.9600.

D3 dataset  tested 0.049 m vegetated vertical accuracy at 95th percentile using 2 mixed landclass points.  The non-vegetated accuracy (NVA) tested 0.068 m vertical accuracy  at 95% confidence level in open terrain using 30 ground check points based on RMSEz (0.035 m) x 1.9600. The bathymetric vertical accuracy tested 0.082 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level in submerged topography using 31 submerged control points, based on RMSEz (0.042 m) x 1.9600.

D4 dataset tested 0.108 m non-vegetated  vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level in open terrain using 21 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.055 m) x 1.9600.

D5 dataset  tested 0.052 m vegetated vertical accuracy at 95th percentile using 3 mixed landclass points.  The non-vegetated accuracy (NVA) tested 0.035 m vertical accuracy  at 95% confidence level in open terrain using 30 ground check points based on RMSEz (0.018 m) x 1.9600. The bathymetric vertical accuracy tested 0.073 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level in submerged topography using 8 submerged control points, based on RMSEz (0.035 m) x 1.9600.

D6 dataset tested  0.294 m vegetated vertical accuracy at 95th percentile using 11 mixed landclass points.  The non-vegetated accuracy (NVA) tested 0.043 m vertical accuracy  at 95% confidence level in open terrain using 64 ground check points based on RMSEz (0.22 m) x 1.9600. The bathymetric vertical accuracy tested 0.062 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level in submerged topography using 8 submerged control points, based on RMSEz (0.031 m) x 1.9600.

D7 dataset tested  0.107 m vegetated vertical accuracy at 95th percentile using 8 mixed landclass points.  The non-vegetated accuracy (NVA) tested 0.047 m vertical accuracy  at 95% confidence level in open terrain using 46 ground check points based on RMSEz (0.24 m) x 1.9600. The bathymetric vertical accuracy tested 0.132 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level in submerged topography using 52 submerged control points, based on RMSEz (0.067 m) x 1.9600.

Due to marshy terrain, no survey checkpoints, ground check points, or submerged topobathy checkpoints were able to be collected within the D8 delivery area. Therefore, the NVA, VVA, and submerged topography accuracies were unable to be assessed for the D8 Delivery area.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
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      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement gco:nilReason="missing" />
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Green and NIR LiDAR data were acquired with the Riegl sensor VQ-880G.

QSI reviewed flight lines to ensure complete coverage and positional accuracy of the laser points. The collected LiDAR data is processed in the field by QSI to allow QA\QC measures.  An initial SBET was created in POSPAC MMS 7.1 and used in RiProcess which applies pre-calibrated angular misalignment corrections of scanner position to extract the raw point cloud into geo-referenced LAS files. These files were inspected for sensor malfunctions and then passed through automated classification routines (TerraScan) to develop a rough topo-bathymetric ground model for an initial assessment of bathymetric coverage.

QSI concurrently conducted multiple static Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ground surveys (1 Hz recording frequency). After the airborne survey, the static GPS data were triangulated with nearby Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) using the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) for precise positioning. Multiple independent sessions over the same monument were processed to confirm antenna height measurements and to refine position accuracy. QSI then resolved kinematic corrections for aircraft position data using kinematic aircraft GPS and static ground GPS data. A final smoothed best estimate trajectory (SBET) was developed.  Sensor head position and attitude are calculated throughout the survey. The software Trimble Business Center v.3.90, Blue Marble Geographic Calculator 2016, and PosPac MMS 7.1 SP3 are used for these processes.

Next, QSI used RiProcess 1.8.1 to calculate laser point positioning of the Riegl VQ-880G data by associating SBET positions to each laser point return time, scan angle, intensity, etc. A raw laser point cloud is created in Riegl data format. Within RiProcess the RiHydro tool was used to classify water surface and create a water surface model. QSI used the green water surface points and as needed NIR water surface points to create water surface models. These models are used in the RiHydro refraction tool to determine the depth of bathymetric points and are created for single swaths to ensure temporal differences and wave or water surface height variations between flight lines do not impact the refraction of the bathymetric data.  All LiDAR data below water surface models were classified as water column to be refracted. The refraction tool corrects for this difference by adjusting  depth (distance traveled) and horizontal position (change of angle/direction) of the LiDAR data.  Using raster-based QC methods, the output data is verified to ensure the refraction tool functioned properly.  QSI used their proprietary LASMonkey refraction tool to correct some refraction in back bay/lake pond areas where RiHydro refraction was found to be inadequate. 

Once all green data had been refracted it was exported to LAS 1.2 format and combined into 500 m x 500 m tiles. Data was then further calibrated using TerraScan, TerraModeler, and TerraMatch. QSI used custom algorithms in TerraScan to create the initial ground/submerged topography surface.  Relative accuracy of the green swaths was compared to overlapping and adjacent swaths and verified through the use Delta-Z (DZ) orthos created using QSI's DZ Ortho creator.  Absolute vertical accuracy of the calibrated data was assessed using ground RTK survey data and complete coverage was again verified. 

QSI then performed manual editing to review all classification and improve the final topobathy surface. QSI's LasMonkey was used to update LAS header information, including all projection and coordinate reference system information. The final LiDAR data are in LAS format 1.2 and point data record format 3.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received files in las format. The files contained lidar elevation and intensity measurements. The data were in UTM Zone 17 coordinates and ellipsoid elevations in meters. OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes: 
1. Converted from UTM Zone 17 to geographic coordinates 
2. Sorted by gps time 
3. Compressed the data using laszip 
4. Converted laz files to version 1.4  
5. Reclassified overlap classes 19 to 1, 20 to 2, 21 to 25 and 22 to 27 with overlap flags

The data have the following classification: unclassified (1), ground (2), noise (7), water column (25), bathymetric bottom or submerged topography (26), water surface (27), and temporal bathy bottom (31)</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:processor>
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                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Office for Coastal Management</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:role>
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                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Lidar</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
              </gmd:sourceCitation>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>