gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:71991 eng UTF8 dataset CSV Files Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider Brighton, Hedger 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA brighton.hedger@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2026-09-16T21:41:04 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Testing the Efficacy of Rubble Stabilization Methods at the M/V Vogetrader grounding site, Barbers Point, Oahu Since 2024 2025 creation 2026 revision 2026 publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 71991 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/71991 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. originator https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/nmfs_odp_pifsc/PIFSC/ESD/ARP/Photogrammetric%20Imagery/CRCP_Projects/Substrate_Stabilization WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Google Cloud Bucket containing raw SFM site imagery PIFSC ESD ARP's Google Cloud bucket with a link to the raw imagery organized by site, then by year download https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/region/pacific-islands#science WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Region - Science Overview Online Resource download https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/innovative-coral-restoration-begins-hawaii-after-ship-grounding WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Region - Coral Restoration Online Resource download tableDigital Barkley HC, Weible RM, Halperin AA, Alagata CE, Kindinger T, Torres-Pulliza D, Lamirand MS, Huntington BE, Couch CS, Amir CG, Besemer NI, Charendoff JA, Ehrenberg J, Garriques JD, Gray AE, Hayes N, Ingeman KE, Luers LH, McCoy KS, Pomeroy NV, Smith JN, Vargas-Ángel B, Towle EK, Samson JC (2023) Carbonate budget assessments in the U.S. Pacific Islands: report of methods comparison results and summary of standard operating procedures. 1–69 Goergen EA, Schopmeyer S, Moulding AL, Moura A, Viehman S (2020) Coral reef restoration monitoring guide: Methods to evaluate restoration success from local to ecosystem scales. 1–145 Jokiel PL, Rodgers KS, Brown EK, Kenyon JC, Aeby G, Smith WR, Farrell F (2015) Comparison of methods used to estimate coral cover in the Hawaiian Islands. PeerJ 2015: Kenyon TM, Eigeland K, Wolfe K, Paewai‐Huggins R, Rowell D, Dodgen T, Mumby PJ (2024) Material Legacies on Coral Reefs: Rubble Length and Bed Thickness Are Key Drivers of Rubble Bed Recovery. Glob Change Biol 30:e17574 Shantz AA, Ladd MC, Schrack E, Burkepile DR (2015) Fish-derived nutrient hotspots shape coral reef benthic communities. Ecol. Appl. 25:2142-2152. Torres-Pulliza D, Charendoff J, Couch C, Gray A, Lichowski F, Amir C, Lamirand M, Asbury M, Winston M, Basden I, Oliver T (2024) Processing Coral Reef Imagery Using Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry: Standard Operating Procedures (2023 Update). Winston M, Couch C, Huntington B, Vargas-Ángel B (2020) Ecosystem Sciences Division Standard Operating Procedures: Data Collection for Rapid Ecological Assessment Benthic Surveys, 2019 Update. On February 5, 2010, the cargo vessel M/V Vogetrader ran aground a shallow forereef in West Oahu, Hawaii. In 2022, NOAA's Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) conducted surveys and found that coral rubble is still persisting 12 years after the ground. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of rubble stabilization methods tested at the Vogetrader grounding site. This data package contains benthic, urchin, and fish observation data used to determine which method most effectively promotes reef recovery by facilitating reef growth, increasing coral populations, enhancing habitat provisioning, improving outplant survival, and stabilizing rubble. The study was conducted by the Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) of PIFSC. Data were collected over an 18-month Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) study, with current data spanning September 2024 to May 2026. The experimental design included two active stabilization treatments: boulder piles measuring 1 x 1x 0.5 meters, constructed of live rock cemented around three stainless steel rods, and PVC-coated mesh measuring 2 x 2 meters, secured with nine stainless steel rods and cement. In addition to these treatments, two control conditions were established: rubble control plots consisting of a central pin placed in unconsolidated rubble, and reference plots located at a nearby site unaffected by the grounding. A total of 10 plots per treatment were installed in fall 2024. Six months later, each boulder pile, mesh plot, and reference plot received eight coral outplants - four Porites lobata and four Montipora capitata - to enhance stabilization and promote recovery. To date, surveys have been conducted at six time points: prior to treatment installation, immediately after installation, six months post-installation (before outplanting), immediately after outplanting, 12 months after installation, and 18 months after installation. Benthic survey data included point-intercept quadrats to estimate percent cover, wild coral colony counts by genus/species and size, and coral outplant measurements including species, size, and partial mortality. Urchin counts include genus/species and test size of all urchins in the plots. Surface area measurements of boulder piles were quantified from digital elevation models in Agisoft Metashape to standardize colony abundance. Benthic and urchin surveys were conducted on each boulder pile and within a 1m2 area on mesh, rubble control, and reference plots. Fish survey data include genus/species, count, and size. These were collected through five-minute visual surveys conducted over the same areas as the benthic surveys. Baseline fish surveys were completed at 10 randomly selected plots within the experimental area and the 10 reference plots. This work was funded through NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP Project #31504, Improving Efficacy of Coral Restoration through Substrate Stabilization) and the Vogetrader settlement funds. The increasing frequency and intensity of acute disturbance events - including mass coral bleaching, storms, and ship groundings - has raised growing concerns about the loss of reef structural complexity across the Pacific. Substrate destabilization and the resulting expansion of unconsolidated rubble inhibit the survival of both naturally recruiting corals and coral outplants. Hawaiian reefs are particularly vulnerable to declining complexity due to slow coral growth rates, low abundance of crustose coralline algae, and high wave energy. This limited natural capacity for rubble consolidation indicates a need for active stabilization interventions. This study is the first in Hawaii to use a rigorous Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design to test different stabilization methods. Benthic, urchin, and fish observation data were collected to generate plot-level metrics that quantify the effectiveness of these methods in promoting reef recovery. Metrics include percent benthic cover by genus, wild colony density and mean size, coral outplant survival, urchin density and diversity, and fish biomass and diversity. By analyzing these data, we aim to provide science-based guidance to inform future rubble stabilization and reef restoration efforts in Hawaii. NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Sciences Division and funded by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program onGoing Couch, Courtney S courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov pointOfContact Murray, Justine 808-725-5480 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA justine.murray@noaa.gov custodian annually DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD > Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 23.3 EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > BENTHIC EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > REEF > CORAL REEF theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 23.3 CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > HAWAII OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS > OAHU OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 23.3 QUADRATS > QUADRATS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 23.3 CRCP 31504: Improving efficacy of coral restoration through substrate stabilization theme CRCP Project Benthic theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS Imagery theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS CORAL REEF STUDIES Ocean Acidification Program theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division theme NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COUNTRY THESAURUS OCEAN THESAURUS place CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS > OAHU place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS: SMALL BOAT platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS CRED CREP Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center RAMP Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program SfM Structure from Motion theme DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2026. GCMD Keywords, Version 24. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian PIFSC Publication project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Testing the Efficacy of Rubble Stabilization Methods at the M/V Vogetrader grounding site, Barbers Point, Oahu Since 2024 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/71991. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. license These data were produced by NOAA and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0). SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: Please cite NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Science Division (ESD) when using the data. Example: Ecosystem Science Division; COPY INPORT RECORD CITATION HERE (keep ESD). otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable Vogetrader Long-Term Monitoring 12 years After Impact: a collection of benthic data and imagery collected to evaluate reef recovery and the efficacy of restoration efforts at the M/V VogeTrader grounding site in O'ahu, Hawaii NOAA/NMFS/EDM 68077 crossReference eng; US biota environment oceans biota environment Structure-from-Motion imagery was processed using Agisoft Metashape, annotated using ArcGIS Pro, and visualized using Viscore. M/V Vogetrader grounding site, Barbers Point, Oahu. -158.12757 -158.12732 21.316001 21.31632 Extent of the experimental and reference sites where imagery for Structure-from-Motion was collected and surveys took place 2024-2026. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2024-09-24 2026-05-07 false eng false Spreadsheet Benthic Cover Survey Data Dictionary 2026-09-16 publication Boulder Pile SfM Survey Data Dictionary 2026-09-16 publication Fish Survey Data Dictionary 2026-09-16 publication Outplant Survey Data Dictionary 2026-09-16 publication Urchin Survey Data Dictionary 2026-09-16 publication Wild Colony Survey Data Dictionary 2026-09-16 publication CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0318563 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Substrate Stabilization Fish Observations from fish surveys for Substrate Stabilization assessments conducted by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division at the M/V Vogetrader grounding site (2024-2026). download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0318563 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Substrate Stabilization Wild Coral Observations from wild coral colony surveys for Substrate Stabilization assessments conducted by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division at the M/V Vogetrader grounding site (2024-2026). download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0318563 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Substrate Stabilization Outplant Observations from coral outplant surveys for Substrate Stabilization assessments conducted by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division at the M/V Vogetrader grounding site (2024-2026). download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0318563 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Substrate Stabilization Boulder Pile SfM Values from Structure from Motion (SfM) Surface Area measurements of boulder piles using digital elevation models of the experimental site. Assessments conducted by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division using Agisoft Metashape and Arc GIS Pro at the Inouye Regional Center (IRC) (2024-2026). download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0318563 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Substrate Stabilization Benthic Cover Observations from benthic point-intercept quadrat surveys for Substrate Stabilization assessments conducted by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division at the M/V Vogetrader grounding site (2024-2026). download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0318563 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Substrate Stabilization Urchin Observations from urchin surveys for Substrate Stabilization assessments conducted by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division at the M/V Vogetrader grounding site (2024-2026). download dataset Accuracy Field data are collected by divers who have been trained in and have met minimum standards in identifying coral, urchin, and fish species present at survey locations and in estimating the size of individuals in survey counts. All species identifications are made visually. Whenever possible, corals, urchins, or fish that could not be confidently identified in water were photographed for later consultation with experts; however, this is not possible in situations where a fish is only briefly seen. Completeness Report Surveys were conducted on all plots at all time points with the exception of baseline line surveys. During baseline surveys, fish surveys were completed at 10 randomly selected plots within the experimental area and the 10 reference plots. Conceptual Consistency The same methods of data collection are used at each surveyed plot, and periodic examination of the data is conducted after each monitoring period to check for diver bias or other discrepancies. Benthic, urchin, fish and photogrammetry methodology. Benthic surveys were conducted on the entire area of the boulder pile and within the central 1m2 area of the mesh to minimize impacts of rubble inundation from the edges. We also conducted benthic surveys within a 1m2 area at all rubble control and reference plots. Benthic cover was estimated using 0.0625m2 point-intercept quadrats, with four quadrats per plot. Within each quadrat, benthos was recorded under 15 randomly selected intersections, identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible and assigned to one of five functional groups: coral, crustose coralline algae (CCA), upright macroalgae (UPMA), encrusting macroalgae (EMA; including Peyssonnelia sp. and Lobophora sp.), turf/bare substrate, and unconsolidated substrate. Unconsolidated substrate included sand, pebble (< 2cm) and rubble (unconsolidated material less than or equal to 2cm that was loose and at the surface (i.e. not buried). Under each random intersection, we also assessed the maximum length of the rubble and recorded whether rubble was above or below the mesh for the mesh plots. All wild coral colonies within each plot were identified to species, and their maximum diameter was measured. We recorded the settlement substrate category (e.g. hard vs. rubble) and for colonies settled on boulder piles, we measured the distance from the base of the pile. Outplanted corals were surveyed to assess survival and condition. For each colony, species identity and maximum diameter (measured along two axes) were recorded. We also assessed percent recent (freshly denuded skeleton) and old dead (skeleton covered by turf or other encrusting organisms). When possible, the cause of recent mortality was noted (e.g., predation). Colonies that were 100% dead were recorded as such, and any missing colonies were also recorded. Urchins were enumerated by species and test diameter was measured to nearest 0.5cm. We also recorded common predators of corals, Culcita spp., and crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). Couch, Courtney S courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov processor Photogrammetric surveys were used to create a site map of the experimental and reference site areas as well as calculate the surface area of the boulder piles to calculate colony density. We conducted these surveys using Canon SL3 cameras in Ikelite housings equipped with 18 mm lenses and 6 inch dome ports. At the experimental site, the area was divided into 3-4 sections, and each diver swam one section perpendicular to the shipping channel at a consistent height of ~2.5 m above the substrate, collecting imagery with 60-80% overlap. At the reference site, a single diver conducted eight passes at ~1 m above the substrate across a 17x5 m area. All plots were also imaged ~0.5 m above each plot to capture finer-scale details. The collected imagery was inspected for quality and presence of unwanted artifacts that could affect model reconstruction. Images from all sections of the experimental site were added into Agisoft Metashape and processed following steps detailed in Torres-Pulliza et al. (2024). The steps above were repeated to reconstruct 3D models of the reef at every survey time point. For accurate and meaningful time analysis, all the post-installation 3D models were spatially aligned using the immediately-after-installation model [October 2024] as reference. Geometrically accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and orthomosaics were derived from the co-registered 3D reconstructions and exported to use as image maps and to quantify surface area of each boulder pile over time. Couch, Courtney S courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov processor To assess the impact of stabilization treatments on the fish community, we conducted surveys immediately before and after deploying the stabilization treatments as well as 6- and 12-months after deployment. During each survey, a diver hovered approximately 2 m away from the plot and sat motionless for one minute to allow fish time to acclimate to the divers presence. After 1-minute the diver began a 5-minute timed survey, in which they observed a single plot for 5-minutes to record any fish activity around the plot. Fish that remained within the plot for the full duration of the survey were considered resident fishes while any fishes that entered within a 1.5 m radius of the center of the plot and interacted with the substrate or a resident fish were recorded as transients. Pelagic species and fishes that swam through plots without interacting with the substrate or resident fishes were not recorded. Baseline surveys were conducted at a subset of 10 plots across the rubble field and compared with 10 reference sites located a short distance away. Immediately after the plot installation was completed, we repeated the surveys across all plots for comparison with baseline data. Reference sites were not surveyed at this point since we assumed there would be little change in fish activity around these unmanipulated sites. Surveys were repeated in an identical manner after 6-months, prior to outplanting corals, and 12-months post installation (6-months after coral outplanting). During the 6-month surveys, we excluded a single large trigger fish (Sufflamen fraenatum) that resided at the channel edge between two plots and was frequently seen moving between the two but not interacting with them. Couch, Courtney S courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov processor A defined coordinate system is essential to establish consistent measurement units and scale. The exported DEM and orthomosaics were loaded into ArcGIS Pro, and the Define Projection tool was used to set the coordinate system to 'WGS 1984 UTM Zone 31N' to ensure accurate measurement units and scale. Contour lines were generated from the DEM using the Contour tool to delineate the boundaries of each boulder pile. The resulting contour shapefile was clipped to the general size of each experimental plot. The outermost contour lines of each boulder pile were selected and converted into enclosed polygons using the Feature to Polygon tool and refined using the Reshape tool. This process was repeated for all 10 boulder pile plots, and the resulting shapefiles were appended to create a single master file containing all 10 boulder pile boundaries. Images for each site were evaluated for image quality, and images deemed unsatisfactory (e.g., overexposed, blurry, images of blue water or images of divers, etc.) were removed from the image set. Following image quality control, each set of raw images was imported into Agisoft Metashape, aligned, and used to build 3D dense point clouds (DPCs) following established Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetric techniques in Torres-Pulliza et al. (2024). By design, the experimental boulder piles included three stabilizing reference pins, which were manually removed in Metashape over the DPC by carefully rotating, selecting, and deleting the corresponding points to exclude them from surface area calculations. DPCs from each monitoring timepoint were then scaled, oriented, and aligned together using Ground Control Point (GCP) information. Each DPC was converted into a 2.5 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a 2D orthorectified image (orthomosaic). The DEM allows for structural complexity analysis while the orthomosaic can be used as a high quality visual characterization of the site at each monitoring time point. Both the DEM and orthomosaic for each time point were exported as digital TIF images. Surface area metrics were estimated by applying the Add Surface Information tool in ArcGIS Pro to the DEM and appending the results to the boulder pile boundary shapefile. Additional fields were added to the attribute table to calculate specific indices: a Rugosity index was calculated by dividing the Surface Area by the planar Shape Area, and a boulder pile height range was calculated by subtracting the minimum depth from the maximum depth within the pile boundary. Because the DEMs were spatially aligned, the original reference boundary polygons consistently overlaid the same planar area across time. This allowed surface area to be extracted by running the Add Surface Information tool over each time point’s DEM and assess surface area change over time. Source Contribution: Survey protocol for urchin surveys. Barkley HC, Weible RM, Halperin AA, Alagata CE, Kindinger T, Torres-Pulliza D, Lamirand MS, Huntington BE, Couch CS, Amir CG, Besemer NI, Charendoff JA, Ehrenberg J, Garriques JD, Gray AE, Hayes N, Ingeman KE, Luers LH, McCoy KS, Pomeroy NV, Smith JN, Vargas-Ángel B, Towle EK, Samson JC (2023) Carbonate budget assessments in the U.S. Pacific Islands: report of methods comparison results and summary of standard operating procedures. 1–69 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC https://doi.org/10.25923/g4hg-7686 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository Carbonate budget assessments in the U.S. Pacific Islands: report of methods comparison results and summary of standard operating procedures information originator Source Contribution: Survey protocol for coral outplant surveys. Goergen EA, Schopmeyer S, Moulding AL, Moura A, Viehman S (2020) Coral reef restoration monitoring guide: Methods to evaluate restoration success from local to ecosystem scales. 1–145 2020-09-01 publication NOS (National Ocean Service); NCCOS (National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science) https://doi.org/10.25923/xndz-h538 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository Coral reef restoration monitoring guide: Methods to evaluate restoration success from local to ecosystem scales information originator Source Contribution: Survey protocol for benthic surveys. Jokiel PL, Rodgers KS, Brown EK, Kenyon JC, Aeby G, Smith WR, Farrell F (2015) Comparison of methods used to estimate coral cover in the Hawaiian Islands. PeerJ 2015 2015-05-12 publication https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.954 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Comparisons of methods used to estimate coral cover in the Hawaiian Islands Comparison of methods used to estimate coral cover in the Hawaiian Islands information Source Contribution: Survey protocol for benthic surveys. Kenyon TM, Eigeland K, Wolfe K, Paewai‐Huggins R, Rowell D, Dodgen T, Mumby PJ (2024) Material Legacies on Coral Reefs: Rubble Length and Bed Thickness Are Key Drivers of Rubble Bed Recovery. Glob Change Biol 30:e17574 2024-11-22 publication https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17574 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Material Legacies on Coral Reefs: Rubble Length and Bed Thickness Are Key Drivers of Rubble Bed Recovery Material Legacies on Coral Reefs: Rubble Length and Bed Thickness Are Key Drivers of Rubble Bed Recovery information Source Contribution: Survey protocol for reef fish surveys. Shantz AA, Ladd MC, Schrack E, Burkepile DR (2015) Fish-derived nutrient hotspots shape coral reef benthic communities. Ecol. Appl. 25:2142-2152. 2015-12-01 publication https://doi.org/10.1890/14-2209.1 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Fish-derived nutrient hotspots shape coral reef benthic communities Fish-derived nutrient hotspots shape coral reef benthic communities information Source Contribution: Protocol for 3D model processing using Agisoft Metashape. Torres-Pulliza D, Charendoff J, Couch C, Gray A, Lichowski F, Amir C, Lamirand M, Asbury M, Winston M, Basden I, Oliver T (2024) Processing Coral Reef Imagery Using Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry: Standard Operating Procedures (2023 Update). 2024-04-01 publication Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC https://doi.org/10.25923/cydj-z260 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository Processing Coral Reef Imagery Using Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry: Standard Operating Procedures information originator Source Contribution: Survey protocol for wild coral colony surveys. Winston M, Couch C, Huntington B, Vargas-Ángel B (2020) Ecosystem Sciences Division Standard Operating Procedures: Data Collection for Rapid Ecological Assessment Benthic Surveys, 2019 Update. 2019-10-01 publication Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC https://doi.org/10.25923/w1k2-0y84 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository Standard Operating Procedures: Data Collection for Rapid Ecological Assessment Benthic Surveys information originator otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None