gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:67962 eng UTF8 dataset Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider Luers, Lori H 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA lori.luers@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2026-03-04T19:17:21 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Developing a semi-automated CoralNet Bleaching Classifier: annotations and imagery from survey sites across the Hawaiian Archipelago between 2014 and 2019 CoralNet Bleaching Classifier 2022 creation 2022 publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 67962 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/67962 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. originator https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Development of a Semi-automated Coral Bleaching Classifier in CoralNet: A Summary of Standard Operating Procedures and Report of Results In this report, we provide a description of how to create a coral bleaching classifier in CoralNet using photoquadrat imagery. We also include a summary of accuracy of NOAA ESD's classifier at both the point and site level. The trained bleaching classifier is publically available (Global ID 24223) and can be accessed using the CoralNet Application Program Interface (API). download https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/document/development-semi-automated-coral-bleaching-classifier-coralnet-summary-standard WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link PIFSC Resource Report PIFSC landing page for Coral Bleaching Classifier Report download https://coralnet.ucsd.edu/pages/help/api/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link CoralNet API Documentation The CoralNet deploy API lets you programmatically classify any image using any automatic classifier on CoralNet. You specify images using web URLs along with the row, column locations you want classified and you get the automated classifications back. Tutorial & Reference links provided. download https://github.com/morgan-winston/coralnet-bleaching-classifier-development WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Coral Bleaching R Scripts This repository contains code used to develop a CoralNet classifier to automate annotations of coral bleaching: "Point_Annotator_Raster_v1.3.R" and specifically for the CoralNet Bleaching Classiifer "V3__Bleaching_Site_Sorting.R" download https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/region/pacific-islands#science WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Region - Science Overview Online Resource download The CoralNet Bleaching Classifier SOP will be publicly accessible at: https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93 Ehrenberg J, Winston M, Oliver T, Couch C. 2022. Development of a Semi-automated Coral Bleaching Classifier in CoralNet: A Summary of Standard Operating Procedures and Report of Results. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-PIFSC-133, 11 p. https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93. This data package includes datasets and benthic imagery that support the development of a semi-automated coral bleaching classifier in CoralNet. The datasets in this package include annotations of imagery produced to test and train the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier, the annotation label set used in CoralNet, and site-level metadata for annotated imagery. The datasets were generated by scientists of the Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) at the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) at NOAA, funded by the Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP). This data package includes non-ESD imagery used to develop this classifier, including images of sites in the Papahanoumokuakea National Monument (collected in 2014 by Courtney Couch, a scientist of the ESD), and of sites in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu (in 2015 by The Nature Conservancy). Other source imagery that was used to develop this classifier was collected by the ESD during the 2019 Hawaii coral bleaching event, as well as during the 2015, 2016, and 2019 NWHI National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) survey missions following the traditional photoquadrat collection methodology for NCRMP surveys; this imagery has already been archived, or is a pending archive package; they are described and accessible at https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59193 and https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36152. To create this classifier, named the NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier (accessible at: https://coralnet.ucsd.edu/source/2947/), a set of training imagery with corresponding point coordinates and label annotations were uploaded to the classifier's source. The training annotations were made by human annotators on both randomly generated and targeted points. Once the training imagery and annotations were uploaded, the automated classification abilities of the classifier were tested by uploading imagery and point locations, but without corresponding label annotations. The machine generated labels for these points were then compared against the human generated labels, which had not been uploaded. See the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier SOP for more information: https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93. This data package supports the detailed guidelines for developing a semi-automated classification tool in CoralNet to assist in the identification of coral bleaching. Over the past decade, coral bleaching events have been increasing both in frequency and severity. In the Hawaiian Archipelago, three mass coral bleaching events have been recorded since 2014. With more frequent and severe global bleaching events on the horizon and the efficiency of collecting bleaching data using digital imagery, monitoring programs in Hawai'i need tools to efficiently extract bleaching data from images. Creating tools to quickly and accurately quantify the extent of coral bleaching is an important next step in developing strategies to appropriately respond to and monitor future mass bleaching events. NOAA Fisheries, ESD and funded by the NOAA CRCP completed Couch, Courtney S courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov pointOfContact Winston, Morgan S (808)725-5480 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA morgan.winston@noaa.gov custodian Couch, Courtney S courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov custodian notPlanned DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD > Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 17.0 EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS > CORAL BLEACHING theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 17.0 Computer > Computer instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 17.2 31361 Assessing impacts of Hawaii's 2019 coral bleaching event on coral recovery and coral communities theme CRCP Project ONLY ONE CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus REQUIRED theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus CORAL - BLEACHING photograph theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS camera computer theme NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS imagery laboratory analyses theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Hi'ialakai small boat theme NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS CORAL REEF STUDIES Coral Reef Conservation Program Ocean Acidification Program theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Central Pacific Ocean Coastal Waters of Hawaii North Pacific Ocean theme NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS: US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division theme NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus CRED CREP Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program CoralNet ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program SOP biota bleaching image analysis theme DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian PIFSC Publication project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Developing a semi-automated CoralNet Bleaching Classifier: annotations and imagery from survey sites across the Hawaiian Archipelago between 2014 and 2019 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/67962. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: Please cite NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Science Division (ESD) when using the data. Example: Ecosystem Sciences Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2022). Developing a semi-automated CoralNet Bleaching Classifier: annotations and imagery from survey sites across the Hawaiian Archipelago between 2014 and 2019. NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/67962 otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable Benthic Cover Derived from Analysis of Benthic Images Collected in the Hawaiian Archipelago During the 2019 Bleaching Event NOAA/NMFS/EDM 59195 series Benthic Images from Stratified Random Site (StRS) Surveys in the Main Hawaiian Islands During the 2019 Bleaching Event NOAA/NMFS/EDM 59193 crossReference National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic Images Collected from Stratified Random Sites (StRS) across the Hawaiian Archipelago since 2013 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 36152 crossReference NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA/NMFS/EDM 67962 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/67962.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. information crossReference eng; US biota Rstudio for working with annotations and web-based CoralNet annotation tool. -178.383718 -155.8366193 19.31344 28.459215 Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), including Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, Molokai, and Lanai, and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), including French Frigate Shoals, Lisianski Island, Pearl & Hermes Reef, Midway Atoll, and Kure Atoll. Photoquadrat imagery used to train the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier was collected during multiple research missions from 2014 to 2019. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2014-08-20 2019-11-14 Images used to create this coral bleaching classifier were collected in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2019 during coral reef surveys across the Hawaiian Archipelago (including the Papahanoumokuakea Marine National Monument), by the Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) and its partners with funding from NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), Project ID # 31361. The imagery included in this data package are non-ESD owned and selected to train the tool based on benthic features. false eng false Spreadsheet Data Table NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier Annotations Data Dictionary 2022-11-10 publication NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier Image Metadata Data Dictionary 2022-11-10 publication CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) JPEG CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) JPEG CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0269246 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA_ESD_CoralBleachingClassifier_TestAnnotations.csv This file contains point level comparison for the imagery used to test the NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching classifier. For every point, the machine suggested label and the human annotated label are shown. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0269246 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Couch_Training_Images_NWHI_2014 Benthic images of one site off of Lisanski island and Midway Atoll in 2014, owned by Courtney Couch. This imagery was used to train the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0269246 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA_ESD_CoralBleachingClassifier_ImageMetadata.csv This file contains image level metadata for each image used to train and test the NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching classifier. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0269246 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA_ESD_CoralBleachingClassifier_TrainingAnnotations.csv This file contains the point-level labels assigned by human annotators to the imagery used to train the NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0269246 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link TNC_Images_Kaneohe_2015 Benthic imagery owned by The Nature Conservancy of Kaneohe Bay in 2015. Imagery was used to train the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier, and also generated annotations for which data is accessible in this data package. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0269246 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA_ESD_CoralBleachingClassifier_Labelset.csv Labelset used to train and test the NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier; defines the short code annotations of the datasets. download dataset Accuracy Good image quality is essential for using this classifier, also referred to as source in CoralNet, for developing a new classifier . Poor image quality (pixelated, discolored, or unfocused) will make it difficult for annotators/the classifier to correctly label annotations. Annotators should be well trained and calibrated to ensure the source's classifier is being trained correctly. Lastly, labels need to be clearly defined to reduce confusion for annotators. Completeness Report Only shallow water (0 to 30 meter depth range) hard-bottom habitats were surveyed. Conceptual Consistency The same labelset was used throughout the training of the classifier. To create this classifier, named the NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier (see 'URLs' in this InPort record for a link to the CoralNet source), a set of training imagery with corresponding point coordinates and label annotations were uploaded to the classifier's source. The training annotations (hard coral, bleached hard coral, and unknown) were made by human annotators on both randomly generated and targeted points. Once the training imagery and annotations were uploaded, the automated classification abilities of the classifier were tested by uploading imagery and point locations, but without corresponding label annotations. The machine generated labels for these points were then compared against the human generated labels, which had not been uploaded. See the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier SOP for more information (link included under 'URLs' in this InPort record). To train a bleaching classifier using CoralNet, the ESD created a new source (CREP-HAWAII BLEACHING v2: Classifier ID 23472) (steps 1-4) containing imagery collected across 178 sites in the Hawaiian Archipelago during the 2019 mass coral bleaching event. A total of 5207 images were used, with approximately 30 images for each site; however, image numbers ranged from 5 - 72 images per site. The imagery was manually annotated using the simple labelset. Once the initial round manual of annotations were completed, a subset of sites with the highest prevalence of coral bleaching were selected and targeted annotations were added manually. CREP-HAWAII BLEACHING v2 served as an experimental test source to confirm that annotations created using steps 5-40 could be uploaded to CoralNet and be used to train a new source. Winston, Morgan S (808)725-5480 morgan.winston@noaa.gov processor To test the machine accuracy of the bleaching classifier, 80% of the sites were designated as training sites and uploaded to the NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier source using the default feature extractor EfficentNet, while the remaining 20% served as test sites for the source. Sites were randomly sorted. There were a total of 143 training sites selected for NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier; 129 sites had only random annotations and 14 sites had targeted and random annotations. The resulting 48,622 training annotations were uploaded to NOAA ESD Coral Bleaching Classifier and automated machine classification accuracy was obtained. Winston, Morgan S (808)725-5480 morgan.winston@noaa.gov processor A total of 35 sites were randomly selected as test sites (sites with only random annotations). Test site imagery was uploaded without annotation labels to the NOAA ESM Coral Bleaching Classifier source. Machine suggestions were downloaded and compared to the original human annotations. From this comparison, machine accuracy was calculated as the proportion of machine points that matched with the human annotations. Winston, Morgan S (808)725-5480 morgan.winston@noaa.gov processor Source Contribution: Details the SOP and data associated with developing the CoralNet Bleaching Classifier tool. Ehrenberg J., M. Winston, T. Oliver, and C. Couch (2022). Development of a coral bleaching classifier tool for CoralNet: a summary of standard operating procedures and report of results. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818-5007. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-17-YY, xx p. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center https://doi.org/10.25923/d0re-9y93 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link doi In this report, we provide a description of how to create a coral bleaching classifier in CoralNet using photoquadrat imagery. We also include a summary of accuracy of NOAA ESD's classifier at both the point and site level. The trained bleaching classifier is publically available (Global ID 24223) and can be accessed using the CoralNet Application Program Interface (API). information originator otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None