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            <gco:CharacterString>We collected data primarily through virtual unstructured interviews from September 2020 to July 2021. Interviewees were selected either for A) their participation in the 2015-16 Hawaiʻi bottomfish commercial fishery data workshops, or B) their knowledge of, contribution to, or direct participation in Guam’s bottomfish fisheries, fishery operations and data collection, stock assessment science, and subsequent management. Participants were identified through the 2015-16 workshop attendee list (Yau 2018) and the lead author’s points of contact within the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council (WPRFMC, hereafter referred to as “the Council”), the Guam Division of Aquatics and Wildlife Resources (DAWR), and Guam and Hawaiʻi fishing communities. Additional participants were identified through participant referral. We interviewed 42 stakeholders in total. Sixteen of these met criteria A, and 30 of these met criteria B, with several interviewees meeting both criteria. Interviewees provided representation from fishers and fish vendors (15, nearly equally split between Hawaiʻi and Guam), the NMFS Pacific Islands Regional Office (PIRO) or Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) and its contractors (15), the Guam DAWR (5), and the Council, its contractors, and committee members (7).

We also attended meetings hosted by the Council and its territorial Advisory Panels in which the territorial bottomfish fisheries, their stock assessment, and/or management were discussed by multiple stakeholder groups. Participant observation provided insights into how stakeholders with membership in fishing, research, and management communities across federal and territorial institutions perceive and communicate around such issues. As these discussions focused on American Samoa’s bottomfish fisheries and their stock assessment given their earlier stock assessment timeline, we take the opportunity to document relevant insights from American Samoa intermittently throughout this report.</gco:CharacterString>
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