gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:65145 eng UTF8 dataset Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider Akridge, Michael W (808)725-5483 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA michael.akridge@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2026-03-04T19:17:28 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Eco-spatial data layers of coral reef ecosystem drivers in American Samoa American Samoa: eco-geospatial tool 2021-10 publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 65145 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/65145 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. originator https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/6/1/18#cite WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link American Samoa Nutrient Work by Schuler (2019) A link to access relevant work assessing nutrient loading to coastal ecosystems in American Samoa. The full citation below: Shuler, Christopher K., Daniel W. Amato, Veronica Gibson, Lydia Baker, Ashley N. Olguin, Henrietta Dulai, Celia M. Smith, and Rosanna A. Alegado 2019. "Assessment of Terrigenous Nutrient Loading to Coastal Ecosystems along a Human Land-Use Gradient, Tutuila, American Samoa" Hydrology 6, no. 1: 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010018 download https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343558774_Deploying_Earth_Observations_to_Evaluate_the_Impacts_of_Land_Cover_and_Water_Quality_Changes_to_Improve_Coastal_Management_in_American_Samoa WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Satellite based chlorophyll work by NASA DEVELOP Project A link to access satellite based chlorophyll work in coastal American Samoa by NASA DEVELOP Project Worsham, Marshall & Collin, Melissa & Davis, Eric & Markarian, Arev. (2019). Deploying Earth Observations to Evaluate the Impacts of Land Cover and Water Quality Changes to Improve Coastal Management in American Samoa. 10.13140/RG.2.2.22358.88640. download https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/projects/oceantippingpoints/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Ocean Tipping Points Project A similar project in Hawai'i download https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/region/pacific-islands#science WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Region - Science Overview Online Resource download Access the American Samoa Coral Reef Drivers eco-geospatial tool: http://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/projects/coral-drivers-amsam/#data For a similar project in Hawaiʻi, visit Ocean Tipping Points: Hawaiʻi Case Study: http://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/projects/oceantippingpoints/ Understanding the spatial distribution, intensity, overlap, and cumulative impact of human activities and environmental stressors is essential for effective management and protection of ecosystem services generated by coral reefs. The data described here are that of the GIS layers of the eco-geospatial tool developed by staff of the Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) at the Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) for American Samoa Coral Reef Drivers, hosted by Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PACIOOS) at http://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/projects/coral-drivers-amsam/. Partners included the American Samoa Division of Marine and Wildlife Resources and the American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group. This eco-geospatial tool gathers, organizes, analyzes, models and visualizes spatially-explicit information for American Samoa. Hereby, GIS layers are developed to provide the spatial patterns of anthropogenic and environmental drivers that influence the status of coral reefs in the region and the potential for degradation, including satellite-based oceanography (sea surface temperature [SST], chlorophyll-a, photosynthetically active radiation [PAR], Turbidity [Kd490]), wave power, coastal habitat modification, and sediment export to nearshore. These geospatial products provide the basis to answer questions such as which places and habitat types are the most impacted; which stressors should be the greatest concern in different areas; and where to prioritize different management strategies. In addition, these datasets also inform watershed management and conservation action plans. American Samoa Coral Reef management agencies are mandated to protect coral reef ecosystems and the people who depend on them. Currently the spatial distribution, intensity, overlap and cumulative impact of human activities and environmental stressors is essential for effective management and protection of ecosystem services generated by coral reefs, is not readily available and easily accessible to resource managers and policy makers. The data layers generated in this project provide the means to identify how environmental and anthropogenic drivers may influence the spatial patterns of coral reef ecosystems across American Samoa, and support management aimed at promoting reef resilience and the protection of ecosystem services. This tool synthesizes large datasets and relevant environmental variables that will help managers in the territory answer these questions and then make informed management decisions for coral reef ecosystems. NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Sciences Division and funded by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program completed Vargas-Angel, Bernardo (808)725-5423 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA bernardo.vargasangel@noaa.gov pointOfContact Vargas-Angel, Bernardo (808)725-5423 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA bernardo.vargasangel@noaa.gov custodian notPlanned EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > REEF > CORAL REEF EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > HABITAT CONVERSION/FRAGMENTATION EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > HUMAN SETTLEMENTS > COASTAL AREAS EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > INFRASTRUCTURE EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > SUSTAINABILITY > ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 17.0 OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > AMERICAN SAMOA place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 20.8 Computer > Computer instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 17.2 ONLY ONE CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus REQUIRED theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > GIS EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Photosynthetically active radiation chlorophyll-a habitat modification sea surface temperature sedimentation turbidity wave power theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS GIS product model output satellite data theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS CORAL REEF STUDIES Ocean Acidification Program theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division theme NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus South Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS: computer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS CRED CREP CRW Chlorophyll-a Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program Coral Reef Watch ERRDAP ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division GIS LBSP PACIOOS PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center RAMP Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program eco-geospatial tool environmental modeling erosion irradiance land-based source pollution layers mapping vulnerability assessment theme DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian LBSP project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Eco-spatial data layers of coral reef ecosystem drivers in American Samoa [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/65145. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: Please cite NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Science Division (ESD) when using the data. Example: Ecosystem Science Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2021: Land-Based Source Pollution (LBSP) GIS Layers for American Samoa Coral Reef Drivers eco-geospatial tool, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/65145. otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA/NMFS/EDM 65145 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/65145.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. information crossReference eng; US biota environment oceans R , ArcGIS, and sedimentation modeling with the InVEST toolset American Samoa -170.9367 -170.4925 -14.4562 -14.1535 The maximum extents for which there is data available underlying the GIS layers. Sea-surface temperature data time frame: SST (blended of multiple sensors): to achieve the longest time series (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) Sea Surface Temperature Reanalysis (1985-2002), Geo-Polar Blended Night-only Sea Surface Temperature Reanalysis (2002-2016), Geo-Polar Blended Night-only Sea Surface Temperature Near Real-Time (2017 to present)) | Currentness: Timeframes are listed for each data type 1985-01-01 2018-12-28 Chlorophyll-a data time frame; Chl-a is ESA Ocean Color CCI v.3.1 (blend of ESA's MERIS, Aqua MODIS, SeaWiFS LAC and GAC, and VIIRS) | Currentness: Timeframes are listed for each data type 1998-06-01 2018-06-26 PAR/irradiance data time frame from Aqua MODIS | Currentness: Timeframes are listed for each data type 2013-01-01 2018-06-26 Turbidity/kd490 data time frame; kd490 is derived from the same sensor as chl-a: ESA Ocean Color CCI v.3.1 (blend of ESA's MERIS, Aqua MODIS, SeaWiFS LAC and GAC, and VIIRS). | Currentness: Timeframes are listed for each data type 1998-06-01 2018-06-26 Wave power data time frame; Only long term mean was derived for wave power, which was developed by Jeanette Clark to use Wave Watch III global wave model data and coastline analysis of wave exposure | Currentness: Timeframes are listed for each data type 2002 2012 This project was led by staff members of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu. Hawaiʻi. Partners included the American Samoa Division of Marine and Wildlife Resources and the American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group. This project was funded by NOAA’s Coral Reef Conservation Program, Grant #31248. false eng false Other GIS Layers Child Item 2021-11-18 publication WMS - Web Map Service U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System Program 1315 East-West Highway, 2nd Floor Silver Spring MD 20910 https://ioos.noaa.gov/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System Program Website Website listed for U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System Program information PACIOOS hosts the GIS layers as well as links for the data which is publicly available. distributor https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/projects/coral-drivers-amsam/#data WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Online Tool All data can be found in the map viewer, and are also available for download in various formats via this link. download dataset Representativeness Coastal habitat modification is limited to data collected in 2003, and does not represent reflect recent developments. Accuracy Ocean color products are unreliable (heavily influenced) by the substrate reflectance in the nearshore area, so the nearshore pixels are filtered out (no values). These filtered blank cells were filled in with the estimated values from neighboring pixels. Limitations of InVest SDR model include that the Universal Soil Loss Equation represents only rill or sheet erosion process, and doesn’t include gully, streambank and mass erosion. The models also average sediment export to the nearshore, doesn’t capture the intense storm events, and the equation was developed for the U.S. mainland Completeness Report GIS layers were developed with data for specific timeframes, as noted in this metadata record. Conceptual Consistency Data for these layers were collected by multiple partners and detailed on the website of which the eco-geospatial tool is hosted. This project is also related to the Ocean Tipping Points project, which was developed for Hawai'i conservation and management. This tool was developed as a series of collaborative meetings among partners. To develop the LBSP GIS layers, there are three main components: satellite based oceanography, coastal habitat modification, and sediment export to nearshore. All data collected is publicly available, and utilized in an ArcGIS environment. The InVEST toolset was used to model sedimentation The number of layers included in the tool which span the three components: 5 layers of chlorophyll, 5 layers of kd490, 5 layers of PAR, 5 layers of SST, 1 layer of wave power,1 layer of sediment, and 1 layer of coastal modification Satellite-based Oceanography Component: Part I (with R and ERRDAP): Publically-available data was obtained for the multiple datastreams for satellite-based oceanography. Oceanographic variables: Sea surface temperature (SST) , Chlorophyll-a (CHL), PAR/irradiance (PAR), Turbidity/kd490 (KD4), and Wave power* (WAV). For SST, Chl-a, PAR, Kd490: R was used to take data from ERRDAP to calculate Oceanographic metrics. Part II (in ArcGIS): After the climatology metrics are calculated, ocean color products (Chl-a, Kd490, PAR) will go through extra steps to remove unreliable nearshore values (due reflectaction) and fill in those gaps by averaging the neighbor values. All products are extracted by a 10km buffer. These processes are done in the ArcGIS environment, and the detailed steps are described in the LBSP project - SOP for processing remote sensing data.docx. Data sources: SST (blended of multiple sensors): to achieve the longest time series (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) Sea Surface Temperature Reanalysis (1985-2002), Geo-Polar Blended Night-only Sea Surface Temperature Reanalysis (2002-2016), Geo-Polar Blended Night-only Sea Surface Temperature Near Real-Time (2017 to present)); PAR data is from Aqua MODIS; Chl-a is from ESA Ocean Color CCI v.3.1 (blend of ESA's MERIS, Aqua MODIS, SeaWiFS LAC and GAC, and VIIRS); Turbidity/kd490 is derived from the same sensor as chl-a: ESA Ocean Color CCI v.3.1 (blend of ESA's MERIS, Aqua MODIS, SeaWiFS LAC and GAC, and VIIRS). Metrics calculated: Long term mean (MEAN) calculated by taking the average of all weekly data for each pixel, Standard deviation of long term mean (SDEV) calculated by taking the standard deviation over all weekly data for each pixel, Maximum monthly climatological mean (MMCM) calculated by first taking the average of all 8-day periods for each month, then taking the maximum of those 12 values for each pixel. Also Maximum annual average anomaly (MAAA) calculated by taking the average of the annual maximum values in excess of the MMCM for each pixel, and Average annual frequency of anomalies (AAFA) calculated by the average # of weeks where an anomaly occurred divided by number of weeks in a year. Only long term mean was derived for wave power, which was developed by Jeanette Clark to use Wave Watch III global wave model data and coastline analysis of wave exposure McCoy, Kaylyn S (808)725-5471 kaylyn.mccoy@noaa.gov processor Coastal habitat modification component: Coastal Habitat Modification, defined as Area of the alteration, or removal of geomorphic structure as a result of human use, was measured with Benthic Habitat Maps created by NOAA National Center for Coastal Ocean Science Biogeography Branch and the Environmental Sensitivity Index created by NOAA Office of Response and Restoration. Data were collected in 2004, extends to ~3 km offshore, identifies habitat areas such as sand, hardbottom reef, scattered rock, artificial/dredged. To develop a coastal habitat modification model, two input layers are mosaiced with a 250m raster file; In summary, this layer combines man-made shoreline modifications and in-water modifications to coastal habitat, and includes a buffer to indicate possible adjacent affected areas. Data for shoreline modification is from 2003, does not show recent development. Sediment export to nearshore component: The annual amount of sediment (tons/yr) reaching the coast was calculated using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Sediment Delivery Ratio model for Tutuila. Sediment load is a function of land use and vegetation type, geology, soil characteristics, rainfall, slope, and hydrology. Only land areas that drain to a stream which reaches the coast and have a sediment supply were considered. InVest Sediment Delivery Ratio Available for download at: https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/software/invest Documentation: http://data.naturalcapitalproject.org/nightly-build/invest-users-guide/html/sdr.html# Rainfall, digital elevation models, soil, land cover, and watershed data was input into the InVest SDR model to estimate annual soil loss and amount of sediment exported to the stream. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is from LiDAR, collected in 2012 and downloaded from NOS Data Access Viewer(https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/) Projection: UTM 2S Horizontal Datum: WGS84/ITRF Vertical Datum: NAVD88 Output Resolution: 1.0m Not all drainage networks are captured in DEM and need to be manually adjusted Watershed polygons were created with the DEM in ArcGIS taking into account flow direction, accumulated flow, watershed delineation, and stream network. Rainfall/ Erosivity map was taken from NRCS Field Office Technical Guide: https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/HI/R_Factor_Map_Am_Samoa.doc then digitized. Erodibility values were extracted from NRCS Web Soil Survey Website and joined with the polygon shapefile otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None