gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:64324 eng UTF8 dataset CSV Files Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider Olenski, Brooke brooke.olenski@noaa.gov pointOfContact Luers, Lori H 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA lori.luers@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2026-03-04T19:17:21 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) HCBC 2019 Hawaii Bleaching Analysis Ready Clustered Data HCBC 2019 Clustered Bleaching Data 2020-03 creation 2021-01 publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 64324 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/64324 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. originator https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/surveys-assess-2019-hawaii-coral-bleaching-event WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Feature Story: Surveys to Assess the 2019 Hawaiʻi Coral Bleaching Event Feature story about planned surveys to assess the 2019 coral bleaching event across the Hawaiian Archipelago. download tableDigital The analysis-ready data described here result from performing hierarchical clustering of individual coral bleaching surveys conducted across the Hawaiian Archipelago in 2014, 2015, and 2019. In order to resolve issues of spatial autocorrelation, the surveys were grouped into distinct clusters with a spatial resolution of 1km. The data was stratified across depths to generate metrics for up to three depth bins per cluster: shallow (0-6m), mid (>6-18m), and deep (>18m). This dataset contains environmental data paired for all 2019 observations, used to analyze drivers of the coral bleaching event. No environmental drivers data is included for 2015 and 2014 observations, as the data from these bleaching events was solely used in a temporal analysis comparing the 2014/2015 events to the 2019 event. This dataset also contains weights assigned to each observation (all years) for use in the drivers, temporal and spatial analyses. Data collected during the 2019, 2015, and 2014 bleaching events in the Hawaiian Archipelago were analyzed to understand drivers and patterns in coral bleaching through time and across space. NOAA Fisheries Ecosystem Sciences Division and funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Aquatic Resources; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology; The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii; Arizona State University, National Park Service, and Scripps Institute of Oceanography completed Couch, Courtney S courtney.s.couch@noaa.gov pointOfContact Winston, Morgan S (808)725-5480 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA morgan.winston@noaa.gov custodian notPlanned 31283 Coral bleaching assessment and analysis theme CRCP Project Numeric Data Sets > Biology theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Belt Transect EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Biological EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Rapid assessment studies EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus CORAL - BLEACHING CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION REEF AND/OR BOTTOM REGIME - PERCENT COVER environmental drivers theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS DERIVED PRODUCTS survey - biological survey - swimmer/diver theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS RAINIER VARIOUS SMALL VESSELS theme NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS HIIALAKAI RAINIER theme NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS CORAL REEF STUDIES Coral Reef Conservation Program theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division theme NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Kauai Island (22N159W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Molokai Island (21N157W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Lanai Island (20N156W0002) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Maui Island (20N156W0004) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027 OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kauai Island > Kauai Island (22N159W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Lanai Island > Lanai Island (20N156W0002) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui Island > Maui Island (20N156W0004) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Molokai Island > Molokai Island (21N157W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus North Pacific Ocean Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS CRED CREP Coral Bleaching Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division PIFSC theme MHI Main Hawaiian Islands NWHI Northwestern Hawaiian Islands PMNM place DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean and Climate Change project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: HCBC 2019 Hawaii Bleaching Analysis Ready Clustered Data [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/64324. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: Please cite the Hawaii Coral Bleaching Collaborative (NOAA Fisheries Ecosystem Sciences Division; State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Aquatic Resources; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology; The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii; Arizona State University; National Park Service; and Scripps Institute of Oceanography) when using the data. Example: Hawaii Coral Bleaching Collaborative (2021): HCBC 2019 Hawaii Bleaching Analysis Ready Clustered Data, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/64324 . otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable Hawaii Coral Bleaching Collaborative: surveys for percent and severity of bleached coral cover across the Hawaiian Archipelago from August 20 to December 7, 2019 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 59191 crossReference Hawaii Coral Bleaching Collaborative: surveys for percent of bleached coral cover across the Hawaiian Archipelago from October 02 to November 18, 2015 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 64755 crossReference NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA/NMFS/EDM 64324 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/64324.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. information crossReference eng; US biota The raw survey data from the 2019 surveys was originally recorded by each participant of the Hawaii Coral Bleaching Collaborative before being compiled into a single multi-sheet Excel spreadsheet by the NOAA Fisheries Ecosystem Sciences Division. The sheets were then exported as separate csv files (e.g., survey observations and taxa list) for archiving and be found under Related Items. The survey data was then clustered to a 1km spatial resolution for analysis. Mean values of % bleaching and environmental parameters (2019 only) were calculated per each cluster. See Child Item and Lineage for more details on environmental parameters. Hawaiian Archipelago including the Main and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. -178.383718 -155.0174893 19.07672 28.459215 Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), including Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, Oahu, and Kauai, and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), including French Frigate Shoals, Lisianski Island, Pearl & Hermes Reef, and Kure Atoll. Ship and shore-based surveys around the Northwestern and Main Hawaiian Islands during the 2019 bleaching event took place from August 20 to December 7. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2019 Ship-based surveys around the Main Hawaiian Islands during the 2015 bleaching event took place from October 2 to November 18. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2015 Ship-based surveys around the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during the 2014 bleaching event took place from August 14 to August 28. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2014 false eng false Spreadsheet 2019 Hawaii Bleaching Analysis Ready Data: Observation Entities 2021-07-27 publication Coral Taxa Lookup Table: Entities 2021-07-27 publication CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0239862 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link HCBC_2019_ClusteredData.csv Analysis-ready cluster-level coral bleaching observations from surveys conducted in the Hawaiian Archipelago in 2019 by the Hawaii Coral Bleaching Collaborative. download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0239862 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link TaxaLookup_Susceptibility.csv Taxa code and susceptibility score lookup table. download dataset Accuracy Observations were made by experienced and trained benthic survey personnel. The accuracy of species and genus level identification was high. Handheld GPS units were used to locate random sites and mark site locations. Completeness Report Only shallow water (0 to 30 meter depth range) hard-bottom habitats were surveyed. Randomly selected survey sites were chosen using a systematic process based on available habitat and bathymetric data. Although efforts were made to include broad spatial coverage of surveys at each island, weather conditions and other environmental constraints may affect these efforts. Conceptual Consistency Observations made using the same survey method were conducted in a consistent manner, and nuances between survey methods are noted. Coral bleaching surveys were conducted during the 2014/2015 and 2019 thermal stress events in the Hawaiian Archipelago. In order to avoid spatial autocorrelation in subsequent analyses, hierarchical clustering was performed to group survey data into distinct clusters with a spatial resolution of 1km. The data was stratified across depths to generate metrics for up to three depth bins per cluster: shallow (0-6m), mid (>6-18m), and deep (>18m). Transformed and scaled weights were assigned per cluster based upon the inverse of the standard error of mean percent bleaching. This record contains analysis-ready data for use in identifying temporal (2014/2015 vs 2019) and spatial (2019 only) patterns in bleaching across the Hawaiian Archipelago. Environmental parameters have been paired with all 2019 observations for use in investigating drivers of the 2019 bleaching event. The environmental parameters used in the drivers analysis are as follows: - Acute Thermal Stress - Historical Thermal Stress - Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Variability - Surface Light (PAR) - Light Attenuation (kdPAR) - Historical Bleaching - Taxonomic Susceptibility - Sewage Effluent - Agricultural Run-off - Urban Run-off - Tourism & Recreation See Child Item for description and original data source of parameter. Full citations for these data sources can be found under Sources. Each parameter was assigned to the 2019 survey data (pre-clustering). The mean value of each parameter was then calculated per cluster. To learn more about the survey approaches and to access the survey data from 2015 and 2019, see Related Items. For 2014 data, see Couch et al. (2017) under Sources. Winston, Morgan S (808)725-5480 morgan.winston@noaa.gov processor Cheung, K.F. 2010. WaveWatch III (WW3) Global Wave Model. 1979-2012. Distributed by the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) http://pacioos.org/metadata/ww3_global.html. Accessed 2016-08-31 https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/NWW3_Global_Best.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Download for wave action data via Global WaveWatch III. information Source Contribution: 2014 coral bleaching surveys conducted in the NWHI. Couch et al. (2017) Mass coral bleaching due to unprecedented marine heatwave in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands). PLOS ONE 12(9): e0185121. 2017-09-27 publication https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185121#sec002 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Lecky J (2016) Ecosystem Vulnerability and Mapping Cumulative Impacts on Hawaiian Reefs. Master’s thesis, The University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. 2016-08-01 publication https://hdl.handle.net/10125/51453 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Agricultural run-off, sewage run-off, and tourism & recreation data layers. information NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group. Visible and Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Photosynthetically Available Radiation Data; 2018 Reprocessing. NASA OB.DAAC, Greenbelt, MD, USA. doi: data/10.5067/NPP/VIIRS/L3M/PAR/2018. Accessed on 11/12/2020. https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/erdVH2018par8day.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Download for photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) data. information NOAA Coral Reef Watch. 2018. Updated daily. NOAA Coral Reef Watch Version 3.1 Daily Global 5km Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Week Product, Mar. 25, 1985-Dec. 31, 2019. College Park, Maryland, USA: NOAA Coral Reef Watch. Data set accessed 2020-11-02 at https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/NOAA_DHW.html. https://oceanwatch.pifsc.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/CRW_sst_v1_0.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Data download for Degree Heating Weeks, used to calculate acute and historical thermal stress. information NOAA Coral Reef Watch. 2019. Updated daily. NOAA Coral Reef Watch Version 3.1 Daily 5km Satellite Regional Virtual Station Time Series Data for Hawaii, Mar. 25, 1985-Dec. 31, 2019. College Park, Maryland, USA: NOAA Coral Reef Watch. Data set accessed 2020-11-02 at https://oceanwatch.pifsc.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/CRW_sst_v1_0.html. https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/NOAA_DHW.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Data download for sea surface temperature (SST) data, also used to calculate SST variability. information Son, S. and M. Wang. 2015. Diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically available radiation Kd(PAR) for global open ocean and coastal waters. Remote Sensing of Environment 159: 250-258. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.011, provided by NOAA CoastWatch/OceanWatch. Accessed on 11/12/2020. https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/nesdisVHNSQkdparWeekly.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Download for light attenuation (kdPAR) data. information Wedding et al. (2018) Advancing the integration of spatial data to map human and natural drivers on coral reefs. PLOS ONE 13(3): e0189792. 2018-03-01 publication https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0189792 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Sewage effluent data layer. information otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None