gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:63091 eng UTF8 dataset Images Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider Akridge, Michael W (808)725-5483 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA michael.akridge@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2026-03-04T19:17:25 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Structure from Motion (SfM) benthic images collected from Fixed Sites across the U.S. Pacific since 2019 SfM Fixed Site Benthic Imagery publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 63091 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/63091 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. 8:00am - 4:30pm originator https://coralreef.noaa.gov/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) website. download https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pacific-islands/ecosystems/coral-reefs-pacific WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Coral reefs in the Pacific NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands website download https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/region/pacific-islands#science WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Region - Science Overview Online Resource download imageDigital Suka R, Asbury M, Couch C, Gray A, Winston M, Oliver T. 2019. Processing Photomosaic Imagery of Coral Reefs Using Structure-from-Motion Standard Operating Procedures. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-PIFSC-93, 54 p. doi:10.25923/h2q8-jv47 Rodriguez C, Amir C, Gray A, Asbury M, Suka R, Lamirand M, Couch CS, Oliver T. 2021. Measuring Coral Vital Rates Using Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry at Fixed Sites: Standard Operating Procedures and Error Estimates. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-PIFSC-120, https://doi.org/10.25923/a9se-k649 The photographs described in this dataset were collected using a Structure from Motion (SfM) approach during in-water surveys throughout the U.S. Pacific since 2019. Surveys were funded by NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) and conducted by the NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD). Survey sites consisted of sites previously established by collaborators from Scripps Institution of Oceanography and new sites established in 2019 by NOAA ESD. All sites ranged from 9-16 meters in depth and surveys covered approximately 100 m2 of reef habitat. Sites were photographed by divers swimming approximately 1 m off the seafloor with high overlap between images to produce SfM products. The data extracted from this imagery provides information on juvenile and adult taxonomic identification, abundance, planar area, and can be used to track the fate of individual coral colonies over time. Imagery collected prior to 2019 can be accessed via the UC Library 100 Island Challenge Collection (https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/collection/bb1610330b). Methods used to collect & process raw imagery are detailed here: https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/22753 This metadata record also provides links to available SfM imagery collected at fixed sites established to assess bleaching impact and recovery in the Main Hawaiian Islands from 2019 - 2021, including the combined effort of DAR, Scripps, and the ESD. In 2019, Lana'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i were visited by the ESD; In 2020 O'ahu was revisited by the ESD. In 2021, Hawai'i imagery was collected by DAR, and O'ahu imagery was collected by the ESD. In 2021 Lana'i imagery was collected by SIO and used a slightly different method of using 'tiles' rather than 'markers' in the imagery and will therefore be accessible separately via Google Cloud bucket. Raw imagery collected at each site was later processed using a structure from motion (SfM) approach to create 3-dimensional (3D) models and 2-dimensional (2D) orthorectified images. The purpose of the SfM surveys of permanent sites throughout the U.S. Pacific is to track coral vital rates (e.g. growth, mortality, recruitment) and how they vary across taxon, regions, and environmental gradients. This study leveraged SfM, an emerging photogrammetry technique, to allow efficient data collection alongside NCRMP essential efforts. NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Sciences Division and funded by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program Oliver, Thomas (808)725-5444 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA thomas.oliver@noaa.gov pointOfContact Akridge, Michael W (808)725-5483 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA michael.akridge@noaa.gov pointOfContact Amir, Corinne corinne.amir@noaa.gov custodian Oliver, Thomas (808)725-5444 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA thomas.oliver@noaa.gov custodian notPlanned This record will be updated as fixed site imagery is collected and archived. DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD > Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 17.0 EARTH SCIENCE EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > BENTHIC EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > REEF > CORAL REEF EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS > CORAL BLEACHING EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS > CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 17.0 OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS > HAWAII ISLAND OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS > LANAI OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS > OAHU OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN > MICRONESIA > GUAM OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN > MICRONESIA > NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 20.8 CAMERA > CAMERA CAMERAS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 17.2 Visual Images > Habitats theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Growth EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Scleractinia (stony corals) EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Coral Communities COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Pagan > Pagan Island (18N145E0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Saipan > Saipan Island (15N145E0002) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Maui Island (20N156W0004) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Mariana Archipelago > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Maug Island > Maug Island (20N145E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Pagan Island > Pagan Island (18N145E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Saipan Island > Saipan Island (15N145E0002) TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Maug > Maug Island (20N145E0001) theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus images theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS in situ theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS CORAL REEF STUDIES Ocean Acidification Program theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Marianas Trench Marine National Monument NW Pacific Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument North Pacific Ocean theme NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division theme NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000 OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui Island > Maui Island (20N156W0004) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus photograph scale instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS HI'IALAKAI OSCAR ELTON SETTE platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS CNMI CRED CREP Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division MHI Main Hawaiian Islands NWHI Northwestern Hawaiian ISlands PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center RAMP Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program Scripps Institution of Oceanography SfM Structure from Motion Viscore theme DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Structure From Motion project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Structure from Motion (SfM) benthic images collected from Fixed Sites across the U.S. Pacific since 2019 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/63091. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: Please cite NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Science Division (ESD) when using the data. Example: Ecosystem Science Division; COPY INPORT RECORD CITATION HERE (keep ESD). otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable Coral Bleaching & Recovery Observations using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) Models from Main Hawaiian Islands Fixed Sites Surveyed from 2019 to 2021 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 65764 crossReference Structure from Motion (SfM) Coral Vital Rates Annotations derived from Fixed Site Imagery across the U.S. Pacific since 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 63093 crossReference NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA/NMFS/EDM 63091 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/63091.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. information crossReference eng; US biota imageryBaseMapsEarthCover oceans A GPS unit was used to record the location of each Structure from Motion (SfM) survey site. Coded markers 25cm in length were used underwater to provide a scale for the mosaic imagery. A Canon SL2 or SL3 DSLR digital camera in an Ikelite underwater housing was used to take photographs of each site. Extent of area for which images described in this metadata record were collected. Areas of the U.S. Pacific including the Mariana Archipelago, Hawaiian Archipelago, American Samoa, and Pacific Remote Island Areas. 144.618287 -154.806789 -14.373615 28.455623 | Currentness: Ground Condition 2019-04-27 false eng false Data Table SfM_Fixed_Imagery_DataDictionary_2023 2025-09-04 publication CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) TAR JPEG TAR NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/accession# WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link SfM_FixedSite_RawImagery_Metadata_MHI_2019.csv Metadata for benthic imagery imagery collected using a Structure from Motion (SfM) approach at permanent survey sites. Surveys were conducted by the NOAA Fisheries Ecosystem Sciences Division and Scripps Institution of Oceanography in the Hawaiian Islands from 2014-2019. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-exploration/video/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link SfM_FixedSite_RawImagery_MHI_2019 Benthic imagery collected using a Structure from Motion (SfM) approach at permanent survey sites. Surveys were conducted by the NOAA Fisheries Ecosystem Sciences Division at coral reef sites throughout the main Hawaiian Islands beginning in 2019. Photos are organized by year, region, island and site. The imagery package contains 100 tar compressed files (each file <20 GB) and 100 archive manifest files. See metadata file for site information. download dataset Representativeness The data set derived from the imagery is only as good as the images themselves; Images with poor resolution, poor lighting, extraneous objects (fins, etc), or blur were excluded from analysis. Accuracy Prior to conducting surveys, the SfM image collector was trained to swim in either a crosshatch or spiral pattern with at least two passes to collect imagery with 60-80% overlap. Both classroom and field training were completed before any surveys were conducted. This training ensures that all SfM image collection was conducted consistently during each mission. Handheld GPS units, stainless steel rods affixed to the benthos, and representative site photos were used to locate reef area that had been previously surveyed and mark new site locations. Completeness Report SfM imagery was collected throughout the U.S. Pacific across time intervals from several hours to 3 years. All sites were between 9-16m deep and and covered approximately 100 m2 of reef. Images that were blurred or had unnecessary objects (e.g., dive fins) were removed. Imagery collected prior to 2019 can be accessed via the UC Library 100 Island Challenge Collection (https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/collection/bb1610330b). Methods used to collect raw imagery Conceptual Consistency The same method of image collection was used at each surveyed site. Fixed site SfM surveys have been conducted by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) since 2019 and Scripps Institution of Oceanography since 2013. Fixed sites used by NOAA ESD for SfM surveys have been established in a site-dependent manner using multiple types of physical marking configurations. In this dataset, fixed sites were either established using physical markers already existing within NCRMP climate stations or were established by collaborators at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. To set up the survey area, at least two Ground Control Points (GCPs) of known length with Agisoft patterns at both ends are placed 2-3 meters away from the center of the survey area opposite of each other and rebar caps with Agisoft patterns affixed to the top are placed on top of the stainless-steel rods (rebar caps not used in every survey). Using a datasheet, a rough sketch of the survey area, including the location and marker number of each GCP and rebar cap, the depth of each GCP, and the latitude and longitude of the center of the survey area are recorded prior to beginning each survey. As one diver completed the datasheet, the other diver color balanced a Nikon SL2 or SL3 DSLR digital camera in an Ikelite underwater housing using a 18% gray card. Amir, Corinne corinne.amir@noaa.gov processor Imagery was collected in a circular or crosshatch pattern at a slow, sustainable speed 1 meter off the bottom of the reef while continuously capturing jpg images to achieve 60-80% image overlap. Divers collected imager approximately 2 m past the 10 m diameter of the plot and conducted two full passes of the survey site to further improve image overlap and ensure the site was fully surveyed. Amir, Corinne corinne.amir@noaa.gov processor Images for each site were evaluated to remove extraneous or erroneous photographs (e.g. fins, blue water, excessive blur, etc.). Sites with imagery that was not white balanced, were consistently overexposed or excessively dark were color corrected using Adobe Lightroom. Image adjustments were batch run per site for consistent correction. Image data includes ~3500 benthic photographs per survey site. Included in the archive package is a list of survey sites, including region, island, site, date (day, month, year), latitude (dd), longitude (dd), depth marker numbers with corresponding depth values, marker length for scaling models, camera model and lens focal length, if the images for a site were color or exposure corrected and a unique image name. The file naming convention for each image is NCRMP_SFM_FIXED_YEAR_MissionID_REGION_ISLAND_SITENAME_IMG_####.jpg. Amir, Corinne corinne.amir@noaa.gov processor Source Contribution: The structural complexity of coral reefs plays a major role in the biodiversity, productivity, and overall functionality of reef ecosystems. Conventional metrics with 2-dimensional properties are inadequate for characterization of reef structural complexity. A 3-dimensional (3D) approach can better quantify topography, rugosity and other structural characteristics that play an important role in the ecology of coral reef communities. Structure from Motion (SfM) is an emerging low-cost photogrammetric method for high-resolution 3D topographic reconstruction. This study utilized SfM 3D reconstruction software tools to create textured mesh models of a reef at French Frigate Shoals, an atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The reconstructed orthophoto and digital elevation model were then integrated with geospatial software in order to quantify metrics pertaining to 3D complexity. The resulting data provided high-resolution physical properties of coral colonies that were then combined with live cover to accurately characterize the reef as a living structure. The 3D reconstruction of reef structure and complexity can be integrated with other physiological and ecological parameters in future research to develop reliable ecosystem models and improve capacity to monitor changes in the health and function of coral reef ecosystems. Burns J, Delparte D, Gates R, Takabayashi M. 2015. Integrating structure-from-motion photogrammetry with geospatial software as a novel technique for quantifying 3D ecological characteristics of coral reefs. PeerJ 3:e1077 2015-07-07 publication John Burns https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1077 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link PeerJ Source Citation URL information publisher Source Contribution: The combination of 3D acquisition (terrestrial and airborne LiDAR, structured light, structure-from-motion) and 2D imaging (photographic, multispectral, panoramic, orthorectified, reflectance transformation) techniques allows the geometry, appearance and other aspects sites to be objectively documented. This study proposes a system for the direct visualization and analysis of such data, allowing the different aspects recorded to be layered together, and co-visualized with annotations and other relevant information. This study describes the required technical foundations, including gigapoint and gigapixel visualization pipelines that enable the dynamic layering of high-resolution imagery over massive minimally-processed LiDAR point clouds that serve as the base spatial layer. In particular, the study introduces the pointbuffer—a GPU-resident view-dependent point cache—as the foundation of our gigapoint pipeline, and outline the use of virtual texturing for draping of gigapixel imagery onto point clouds. Petrovic, V, Vanoni, DJ, Richter, AM, Levy, TE, & Kuester, F. 2014. Visualizing high resolution three-dimensional and two-dimensional data of cultural heritage sites. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 14(4), 93-100. 2014-01-01 publication Vid Petrovic https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58z4j8k2 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information publisher Source Contribution: Here, we outline a method of directly measuring coral vital rates via structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry — an image processing technique capable of reconstructing accurate, orthorectified representations of the seafloor and the coral communities that inhabit them. By leveraging SfM technology, NOAA’s U.S. National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) and partners are capable of generating accurate measures of coral vital rates from the scale of individual coral colonies with coverage of tens of sites and thousands of corals within a population. Rodriguez C, Amir C, Gray A, Asbury M, Suka R, Lamirand M, Couch CS, Oliver T. 2021. Measuring Coral Vital Rates Using Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry at Fixed Sites: Standard Operating Procedures and Error Estimates. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-PIFSC-120, https://doi.org/10.25923/a9se-k649 2021-10-01 publication Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center https://doi.org/10.25923/a9se-k649 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository NOAA technical memorandum NMFS PIFSC information originator Source Contribution: This document provides detailed procedures for collecting and processing imagery using Structure-from-Motion techniques developed by Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) in collaboration with Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the University of Hawaii at Hilo. These procedures are designed to efficiently generate coral demographic and benthic community metrics across the broad spatial scale of the Pacific Rapid Assessment and Monitoring Program. This pipeline consists of four key steps: (1) Image collection by SCUBA divers, (2) Data management, post-processing, and QC, (3) Generating 3-D models and 2-D orthophotos in Agisoft Metashape, and (4) Extracting demographic data in ArcMap. This SOP is the result of comprehensive testing of different camera systems, collection techniques, and software. While the following procedures are designed to meet ESD needs, we primarily use commercially available cameras and software, making these methods adaptable based on programmatic capacity and needs. Suka R, Asbury M, Couch C, Gray A, Winston M, Oliver T. 2019. Processing Photomosaic Imagery of Coral Reefs Using Structure-from-Motion Standard Operating Procedures. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-PIFSC-93, 54 p. doi:10.25923/h2q8-jv47 2019-12-03 publication Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center https://doi.org/10.25923/h2q8-jv47 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository NOAA technical memorandum NMFS PIFSC information originator Source Contribution: The objective of this document is to provide updates incorporated in 2019 to the guidelines and procedures for implementation of sampling design, survey methodology, and data entry for the monitoring of reef coral populations and benthic communities as part of the Pacific RAMP led by ESD (Swanson et al. 2018). Winston M, Couch C, Huntington B, Vargas-Ángel B. 2020. Ecosystem Sciences Division Standard Operating Procedures: Data Collection for Rapid Ecological Assessment Benthic Surveys, 2019 Update 2020-01-03 publication Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center https://doi.org/10.25923/ws5s-km69 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional repository NOAA technical memorandum NMFS PIFSC information originator otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None