gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:54217 eng UTF8 dataset GIS dataset of raster files Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider DesRochers, Annette M (808)725-5461 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA annette.desrochers@noaa.gov 8 am - 5 pm Email preferred pointOfContact Akridge, Michael W (808)725-5483 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA michael.akridge@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-12-03T01:00:28 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Seafloor substrate (hard and soft bottom) maps derived from satellite imagery for the islands and atolls of the Pacific Remote Island Areas Hard Soft Substrate: Satellite Image 2018 creation 2018 publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 54217 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/54217 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. originator https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC) website NOAA ESD source data are accessible through this website. download mapDigital Seafloor substrate (i.e., hard vs. soft bottom) from 0 to up to 30 m depths around islands/atolls in Pacific Remote Island Areas produced by the NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD). The islands/atolls include Howland, Baker, Jarvis, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, Johnston Atoll, Wake Atoll. This is a preliminary product derived from an unsupervised classification of depth-invariant indices prepared from high resolution satellite images. Unsupervised classification segmented the indices into multiple classes, and the binary substrate map was produced by mapping interpreter's informed judgments in attributing the predicted classes. Where required, area-specific class attribution and minor manual editing were undertaken to remove inaccurate predictions. Hard and soft seafloor maps were initially requested by the NOAA Pacific Islands Regional Office (PIRO) Protected Resources Division to assist with management of 15 coral species that occur in the Indo-Pacific and are listed threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Some of these coral species are known to be found in American Samoa, the Mariana Archipelago, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas. As part of the effort, the shallow water hard and soft seafloor maps for the Pacific Remote Islands were newly generated where no such information existed in the region except for Palmyra Atoll. The effort is funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. In addition, along with the deeper water hard and soft seafloor maps, these maps are included in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument monitoring report, which is being developed in 2018 for NOAA Pacific Islands Regional Office (PIRO) Marine National Monument Program. The effort is funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAA PIRO. PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division and funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program completed DesRochers, Annette M (808)725-5461 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA annette.desrochers@noaa.gov 8 am - 5 pm Email preferred pointOfContact Akridge, Michael W (808)725-5483 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA michael.akridge@noaa.gov pointOfContact Acoba, Tomoko S (808)725-5448 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA tomoko.acoba@noaa.gov 8:00 am - 4:00 pm HST Email preferred custodian notPlanned https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/amsamoa_images/TUT_unspv_hardvsoft_5m_445.jpg An example hard- and soft-bottom substrate map of Tutuila (prepared using a different methodology compared with the substrate maps prepared for the project described here). JPG Mapping and EcoSpatial Information Products to Support Coral Reef Ecosystem Management in the Pacific Islands Region theme CRCP Project Geographic Information > Habitats theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > Habitat Mapping EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > geomorphology Mapping EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Hard Seafloor Substrate EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Soft Seafloor Substrate EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus SUBSTRATE DESCRIPTION theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS GIS product benthic theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division theme NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Baker Island (00N176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Howland Island (00S176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Baker Island > Baker Island (00N176W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Howland Island > Howland Island (00S176W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Johnston Atoll > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Wake Atoll > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus Equatorial Pacific Ocean Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS SEA FLOOR stratum Global Change Master Directory CRED CREP Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center theme PRIA Pacific Remote Island Areas place DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Geomorphology project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Seafloor substrate (hard and soft bottom) maps derived from satellite imagery for the islands and atolls of the Pacific Remote Island Areas [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/54217. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Please cite NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using the data. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). Seafloor substrate (hard and soft bottom) maps at select islands/atolls in American Samoa, Mariana Archipelago, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/34310. otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA/NMFS/EDM 54217 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/54217.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. information crossReference eng; US biota oceans GeoTIFF created using ArcGIS 10.5.1 in a Microsoft Windows environment. Select locations in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (PRIMNM), also known as the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA), including Wake, Baker, and Howland islands, Johnston and Palymra atolls, and Kingman reef. -176.7 -159.8 -0.7 16.75 Johnston Atoll, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, and Palmyra Atoll in Pacific Remote Island Areas. The geographic extent of Johnston Atoll (to the North), Howland and Baker (to the West), and Jarvis Island (to the South and East). 166.583 166.667 19.2583 19.333 The geographic extent of Wake Atoll Time frame of WorldView 2 or 3 imagery for Howland, Baker, Jarvis, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, Wake Atoll in Pacific Remote Islands | Currentness: Ground Condition 2011 2017 false eng false GIS File Substrate Classes 2019-05-30 publication GeoTIFF Zip GeoTIFF Zip GeoTIFF Zip GeoTIFF Zip GeoTIFF Zip GeoTIFF Zip GeoTIFF Zip Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. via the Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC) website distributor ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/benthichabitatlayers/wak_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link wak_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip Newly developed Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map of Wake Atoll, Pacific Remote Islands. The zip file contains the product in GeoTIFF format with the PDF map showing the extent of the product. The readme text file describing the detailed processing steps is also included. Source WorldView satellite images: 2014 (WorldView 3) and 2017 (WorldView 2). The data are provided by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and hosted by UH on SOEST servers. download ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/benthichabitatlayers/bak_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link bak_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip Newly developed Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map of Baker Island, Pacific Remote Islands. The zip file contains the product in GeoTIFF format with the PDF map showing the extent of the product. The readme text file describing the detailed processing steps is also included. Source WorldView 2 satellite image: 2012 and WorldView 3 satellite images: 2016. The data are provided by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and hosted by UH on SOEST servers. download ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/benthichabitatlayers/how_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link how_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip Newly developed Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map of Howland Island, Pacific Remote Islands. The zip file contains the product in GeoTIFF format with the PDF map showing the extent of the product. The readme text file describing the detailed processing steps is also included. Source WorldView 2 satellite images: 2011 and 2016. The data are provided by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and hosted by UH on SOEST servers. download ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/benthichabitatlayers/jar_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link jar_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip Newly developed Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map of Jarvis Island, Pacific Remote Islands. The zip file contains the product in GeoTIFF format with the PDF map showing the extent of the product. The readme text file describing the detailed processing steps is also included. Source WorldView 2 satellite image: 2016. The data are provided by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and hosted by UH on SOEST servers. download ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/benthichabitatlayers/kin_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link kin_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip Newly developed Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map of Kingman Reef, Pacific Remote Islands. The zip file contains the product in GeoTIFF format with the PDF map showing the extent of the product. The readme text file describing the detailed processing steps is also included. Source WorldView 2 satellite image: 2015. The data are provided by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and hosted by UH on SOEST servers. download ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/benthichabitatlayers/joh_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link joh_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip Newly developed Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map of Johnston Atoll, Pacific Remote Islands. The zip file contains the product in GeoTIFF format with the PDF map showing the extent of the product. The readme text file describing the detailed processing steps is also included. Source WorldView 2 satellite image: 2014. The data are provided by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and hosted by UH on SOEST servers. download ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/benthichabitatlayers/pal_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link pal_wv_2m_hardsoft.zip Newly developed Hard and Soft Bottom Seafloor Substrate Map of Palmyra Atoll, Pacific Remote Islands. The zip file contains the product in GeoTIFF format with the PDF map showing the extent of the product. The readme text file describing the detailed processing steps is also included. Source WorldView 2 satellite images: 2014. The data are provided by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and hosted by UH on SOEST servers. download dataset Representativeness The predictive substrate maps were produced from recently acquired WorldView satellite images. Accuracy The hard soft substrate classification results were compared against the ESD's biological survey locations (both fish and coral), with 95% to 99.5 % agreement. Analytical Accuracy As of yet, these data have not been compared with external references or other published data. Completeness Report These maps may be subject to updates as new data and information become available. Conceptual Consistency Palmyra Atoll was the first place in Pacific Remote Islands to adopt the method of deriving the hard/soft substrate map developed for West Hawaii and the method revolved and streamlined as moved to the other places in the Pacific Remote Islands. Specifically, the polygons smaller than 20m2 (10x cell size) was removed instead of 10m2 (5x cell size); the inaccurate classes in the shallow internal lagoon were replaced with the manually digitized polygons, instead of altering the class attributes to correct the classes; and the mask to remove the waves, clouds and lands were applied as the final step, instead of applying them before clustering. More detailed processing steps taken for each place are described in its readme file. Satellite images were processed for the Pacific Remote Island Areas using the method described in Mumby and Edwards (2000) and then, unsupervised classification was applied to derive Hard and Soft substrates. ENVI 5.3 (Harris Geospatial Solutions, Inc.) and ArcGIS 10.5.1 (Esri, Inc.) The lineage describes the general processing steps. The detailed steps and coefficients for each place are described in the readme file in the zip file. Worldview 2 or Worldview 3 satellite images are acquired through the NEXTVIEW Imagery License Agreement between DigitalGlobe, Inc. and National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA). Under the agreement, the images are available for the use by the U.S. Government. Standard product level (2A) of multispectral and pancrhomatic images were acquired to produce hard soft maps. The images meeting the following criteria are carefully selected : cloud and shadow free, relatively small surf breaks, little sunglint on the water surface and little turbidity in the water. The satellite images were preprocessed before generating the depth invariant indices using the tools available in ENVI 5.3. The images were first orthorectified using the RPC Orthorectification Workflow tool. The images are then radiometrically corrected and converted into the radiance using the Radiometric Calibration tool and Apply Gain and Offset tool. Radiometric calibration factors for each image are provided by DigitalGlobe in the associated metadata. The absolute calibration factors are available in the online documentation made available by DigitalGlobe. The atmospheric correction steps described in Mumby and Edwards (2000) were applied to the radiance images remove some of the atmospheric influences on the images. The calculation is sequenced in ENVI 5.3/IDL 8.5. Depth Invariant Index in Mumby and Edwards (2000) were derived for 10 band pairs of each image. The band pairs are: Coastal - Blue, Coastal - Green, Coastal - Yellow, Coastal - Red, Blue - Green, Blue - Yellow, Blue - Red, Green - Yellow, Green - Red, Yellow - Red. Following equation was applied to each band pair using using the Band Math tool in ENVI 5.3 to derive the Depth Invariant Index. Depth Invariant Index of band pair i and j = Li -[(ki/kj)*Lj] where Li = Radiance or Reflectance values of band i Lj = Radiance or Reflectance values of band j ki/kj = Ratio of attenuation coefficients of band i and j Ratio of attenuation coefficients were derived in Excel spreadsheet using the variance and covariance of the radiance values extracted over shallow and deep sandy bottoms of each image. The results were exported as GeoTiff for the further analysis in ArcGIS. The ISO Cluster Unsupervised Classification tool in ArcGIS 10.5.1 was employed to segment the depth invariant indices into multiple classes. Number of iterations were set to be 5, and minimum class size were set to be 3. Up to 15 classes were generated for each band pair of the depth invariant index. Each band pair classification was visually examined by inspecting the cluster results against the substrate boundaries that can be identified in the original satellite images. The best band pair classification result detecting the substrate boundaries was chosen, and interpreters made an informed judgement in attributing the predicted classes into hard and soft. Where required, area-specific class attribution and minor manual editing were undertaken to remove inaccurate predictions in ArcGIS 10.5.1. Output file type is GeoTIFF. Where multiple images are available, the same steps are applied to the second image, and the gaps of the classification result in the first image will be filled with the second image. Absolute Radiometric Calibration: 2016v0 2017-06-06 publication https://dg-cms-uploads-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/document/file/209/ABSRADCAL_FLEET_2016v0_Rel20170606.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link PDF documentation containing absolute calibration factors for the WorldView 2 and 3 satellite images Source Citation URL information Source Contribution: Describes methods development and decision tree. Dove, D., Acoba, T., DesRochers, A. Seafloor Substrate Characterization from Shallow Reefs to the Abyss: Spatially-continuous seafloor mapping using multispectral satellite imagery, and multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data within the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument and the Main Hawaiian Islands. 2018. PIFSC Internal Report IR-18-08. Issued 18 October 2018. 2018-10-31 publication https://origin-apps-pifsc.fisheries.noaa.gov/library/pubs/IR-18-018.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Source Citation URL information Mumby, P. J., Edwards, A. J. Water column correction techniques. In Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management. Green, E. P., Mumby, P. J., Edwards, A. J., Clark, C.D., Eds. UNESCO: Parisk, France, 2000. Pp. 121-128. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001197/119752E.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link UNESDOC the UNESCO Digital Library website information 2000 Palmyra Atoll Quickbird II Seafloor Mosaic (1.8m) https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/palmyra_seafloor_mosaic.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link CoRIS: Coral Reef Information System The Coral Reef Conservation Program's (CRCP) information portal that provides access to NOAA coral reef information and data products with emphasis on the U.S. states, territories and remote island areas. information 2006 2009 otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None