gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:50521 eng UTF8 dataset Mixed Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider DesRochers, Annette M (808)725-5461 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA annette.desrochers@noaa.gov 8 am - 5 pm E-mail preferred pointOfContact Akridge, Michael W (808)725-5483 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA michael.akridge@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2026-03-04T19:17:28 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Identifying coral reef resilience potential in Tutuila, American Samoa based on NOAA coral reef monitoring data from 2010 to 2016 Reef Resilience Analysis - Tutuila 2018 publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 50521 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/50521 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (301) 713-3155 1305 East West Highway 10th Floor Silver Spring MD 20910-3281 https://coralreef.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Website Link to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program website information originator Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. originator https://www.coris.noaa.gov/monitoring/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) website. download https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/pacific_ramp.php WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL NOAA PIFSC Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) website. download Schumacher BD, Vargas-Ángel B and SF Heron. 2018. Identifying coral reef resilience potential in Tutuila, American Samoa based on NOAA coral reef monitoring data. NOAA Special Publication. NMFS-PIFSC-SP-18-03, 15 pp. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-18-003 Declines in the health of coral reef ecosystems lead scientists to search for factors that support reef resilience: the ability of reefs to resist environmental stress and recover when they have been impacted, and to maintain key ecosystem functions throughout. Scientists have identified eleven measurable factors that affect the resilience of coral reefs. Reef resilience factors include characteristics of the coral assemblage, populations of fish that live on the reef, land-based influences, and sea surface temperature variability. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) used these factors to quantitatively assess the resilience potential of reefs around Tutuila and Aunu‘u Islands in American Samoa. Locations of monitoring surveys conducted by ESD from 2010 to 2016 were used to designate study zones. The monitoring surveys provided data to evaluate biological/ecological resilience factors, and external data sources were used to inform physical and environmental factors not directly measured by ESD. Data for each metric was compiled, normalized, and averaged to produce a composite resilience score for each of zone. The primary resilience analysis includes all 11 metrics for 10 study zones around Tutuila and Aunu'u, excluding Taema Bank. The secondary resilience analysis includes the 8 metrics available for 11 study zones around Tutuila and Aunu'u, including Taema Bank. The information provided with this analysis includes the individual datasets for the 11 metrics used in the analysis (data tables), the survey sites and study zones (data tables), and the resilience scores resulting from the analysis (data tables and maps). Structural, ecological, and physical processes including, diversity, recruitment, herbivory, disease, and thermal tolerance have been identified as key elements contributing to reef resilience. This analysis, funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, integrates interdisciplinary data sets collected by NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division and its partners to operationalize reef resilience in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands. It is important to identify and understand these factors, so that management strategies can be tailored to maintaining or restoring coral communities to maximize their chances of survival in a changing climate. This analysis contributes to the local jurisdiction's capacity to meaningfully assess reef ecosystem condition in relation to a range of threats. A key aspect of the reef resilience framework is that it can empower local action to improve resilience of coral reefs because some drivers of resilience are heavily influenced by large-scale climatic forces, while others can be directly affected by local management. Brett Schumacher, Coral Reef Researcher at NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) completed Vargas-Angel, Bernardo (808)725-5423 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA bernardo.vargasangel@noaa.gov E-mail preferred pointOfContact Schumacher, Brett D (808)725-5405 1845 Wasp Blvd Honolulu HI 96818 USA brett.schumacher@noaa.gov E-mail preferred custodian notPlanned https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0169632 Map of the resilience scores/ranks for 10 study zones around Tutuila, American Samoa, based on the 11 reef resilience factors. Filename: Browse graphic_Map wo Taema.png png 810 Reefs for the future: Identifying coral reef resilience in the US Pacific islands based on CRED coral reef monitoring data theme CRCP Project Geographic Information > Ecological Characterization theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Fleshy Macroalgae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Black Band Disease EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral biodiversity EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Photic Zone Corals EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Human physical EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census > Stationary theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Phenomena > Global Change EARTH SCIENCE > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Phenomena > Global Warming EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat > Recovery EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Ecological Dynamics > Herbivory EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Microbiota > Bacteria EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Microbiota > Blue-green Algae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algae Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Degree Heating Week (DHW) EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Sea Surface Temperature (SST) EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Quadrat Monitoring EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Quadrat Monitoring > Photograph Analysis EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Belt Transect EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Linear Transect (line) EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect monitoring EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Biological EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Rapid Assessment Studies EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing > Satellite (digital scans) EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Quadrat Monitoring > Photograph Analysis EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Surface Water > Runoff EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Marine Protected Areas EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish Assemblages EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish Census EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fishing EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature > Anomaly theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus CORAL REEF STUDIES Coral Reef Conservation Program National Coral Reef Monitoring Program Pacific Reef and Assessment Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program theme NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Aunu'u Island (14S170W0035) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Faga'alu (14S170W0005) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Fagamalo (14S170W0047) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Fagatele Bay (14S170W0002) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Pago Pago (14S170W0008) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Vatia Bay (14S170W0028) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Pago Pago Harbor > Faga'alu (14S170W0005) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila > Aunu'u Island (14S170W0035) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Fagamalo (14S170W0047) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Fagatele Bay (14S170W0002) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Pago Pago (14S170W0008) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Vatia Bay (14S170W0028) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus South Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS CRED CREP Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Resilience theme DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Identifying coral reef resilience potential in Tutuila, American Samoa based on NOAA coral reef monitoring data from 2010 to 2016 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/50521. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: Please cite NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using these data. Example Cite as: Schumacher, Brett; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2018). Identifying coral reef resilience potential in Tutuila, American Samoa based on NOAA coral reef monitoring data. NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/50521 otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable Reefs for the future: Resilience of coral reefs in the main Hawaiian Islands NOAA/NMFS/EDM 23147 crossReference NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA/NMFS/EDM 50521 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/50521.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. information crossReference eng; US biota oceans Data streams were compiled and analyzed by NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) researchers using MS Excel and Access 2010, Minitab, PRIMER version 6 with the Permanova+ add-on, and ArcMap 10.4.1. Islands of Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa -170.92 -170.431 -14.45 -14.15 Islands of Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa Temporal coverage of Pathfinder v5.2 sea surface temperature data. | Currentness: Ground Condition 1985 2012 Temporal coverage of NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division survey data. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2010-02-17 2016-04-30 Base period used for mean rainfall | Currentness: Ground Condition 1917 2017 Reef resilience factors as described by McClanahan et al. (2012) include: 1. Pollution, 2. Sedimentation, 3. Herbivore biomass, 4. Macroalgae cover, 5. Coral diversity, 6. Coral recruitment, 7. Disease prevalence, 8. Bleaching resistance, 9. Physical impacts, 10. Fishing pressure, and 11. Sea surface temperature variability. false eng false Data View Reef Resilience Scores - Field Descriptions 2018-01-05 publication zip Zip NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0169632 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Reef_Resilience_Tutuila.zip The Reef Resilience data package includes data, figures and documentation compiled into a ZIP file. DATA: the original data sources used in the analysis and the final data (resilience scores) resulting from the analysis. The data are provided as a series of CSV files. Refer to the documentation for a description of each file. Figures: the final maps (3) and graphs (2) produced following the reef resilience analysis. The maps are provided as PNGs, and the graphs as JPGs. Documentation: Annotated list of metrics and associated files for the Reef Resilience analysis data package for Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. The document, in PDF format, describes each data file included in the Reef Resilience data package. download dataset Representativeness The foundation of the analysis was in situ ecological survey data collected by NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division under the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). These surveys were conducted around Tutuila based on a stratified random sampling protocol. Accuracy Prior to conducting surveys, researchers are trained to identify and estimate/measure size of fish and corals along with other ecological metrics. Both classroom and field training and tests must be completed for all researchers (experienced and inexperienced alike) before each round of surveys begins. This training ensures that ecological surveys are conducted consistently by all researchers within survey efforts and also across periodic survey efforts. Bias See description of training process in "Accuracy" section. Comparability This project integrated NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) survey data with data from other, external projects. Because external projects were implemented for purposes different from ESD surveys, the spatial extent of ESD surveys does not always align with other study zones. We endeavored to group sites and delineate study zones to align to the greatest degree possible. Completeness Report Eleven metrics of reef resilience were identified in the McClanahan et al. 2012 paper. This project attempted to include all metrics in the analysis, but data to support three metrics (sedimenation, pollution and fishing pressure) were not available for Taema Bank. Therefore, a separate composite metric (Composite 8), was calculated for all zones so that resilience at Taema Bank could be evaluated. Conceptual Consistency Analysis is modeled after Maynard et al. 2012, "Coral reef resilience to climate change in Saipan, CNMI; field-based assessments and implications for vulnerability and future management." The current project utilized slightly different data streams in some cases (e.g. updated SST metrics), but the analysis followed the same overall procedures. The principal analytical task of this project was to calculate eleven metrics of "reef resilience" as identified by McClanahan et al. (2012). These metrics account for various aspects of the coral reef ecosystem, and are derived from several data streams, as described in the process steps. The first task was to identify and define zones of interest, hereafter known as study zones. Eleven study zones were delineated for the present project. Four of these zones reflect broad geographic regions (i.e. Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest) that have been used to organize ecological surveys conducted by the ESD under the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program based on broadly similar habitat and exposure to wave and weather conditions. Several smaller zones of interest were then identified that had been the subject of focused survey effort by the ESD during previous projects, providing geographically dense data to evaluate the resilience potential for each individual zone: Taema Bank had suffered severe impacts due to predation on corals by crown-of-thorns seastars; Aunu‘u East, Aunu‘u West, Fagamalo, and Fagatele are marine protected areas (MPAs); and Faga‘alu Bay and Vatia Bay were the subject of previous studies by ESD on impacts of land-based sources of pollution (LBSP) (Vargas-Ángel and Schumacher In Review). Schumacher, Brett D (808)725-5405 brett.schumacher@noaa.gov processor The basis of the pollution metric is a watershed health index based on analysis of the American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency (Tuitele 2016). We used ArcGIS to combine this information by merging watersheds associated with each georegion and calculating a weighted mean WHI by area. The sedimentation metric is based on precipitation that falls on the watersheds associated with each georegion. A "precipitation index" was derived based on interpolated rainfall information from the NOAA National Weather Service (https://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/meta/na14_vol5_as_grid_metadata.xml). Rainfall was scaled by the coastline of each georegion. The herbivore biomass metric was derived from data from NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) fish surveys. Mean herbivore biomass for each zone, as well as all subsequently described metrics based on data from REA surveys, were calculated based on a weighted average of reef area in three depth zones (0-6 meters, 6-18 meters, 18-30 meters). The macroalgal cover metric was derived from analysis of digital images of the benthos (photoquadrats) from NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) fish and coral surveys. Metrics for coral diversity, coral recruitment, physical impacts to coral, and disease prevalence were calculated from data gathered by NOAA Ecosystem Sciences Division Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) benthic surveys. The bleaching resistance metric was calculated based on the percent corals of a given species found in georegions, scaled by their sensitivity to bleaching as determined by observations of corals during a bleaching event. The fishing pressure metric was derived from multiple data sources. The proximity of human population was the primary driver. Census data was used to estimate mean population within 10 kilometers of reef in each georegion. No-take marine protected areas were assumed to not have fishing activity. Commericial fishing trips to a region were also used to create an index that was averaged with human population. These were scaled by reef area and averaged. The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability metric was derived from Pathfinder v5.2 ~4 kilometer (1/24 degrees) daily SST data for the period 1985-2012, provided by the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) and the U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center. The Pathfinder project was supported in part by a grant from the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Program for satellites. Scott Heron created derived data sets based on these data under a NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) grant (Heron-786), and these derived data sets were used as the basis of the SST variability metric. Based on discussions with Heron, the number of significant thermal events (defined as a period where a reef area experienced 4 consecutive degree heating weeks) and the interannual variability (standard deviation) of the climactically warmest month were combined to calculate the SST variability metric. Additional information about thermal history products is available at the Coral Reef Watch website (http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/thermal_history/th_index.php). Ayotte, P., K. McCoy, A. Heenan, I. Williams, and J. Zamzow. 2015. Coral reef ecosystem program standard operating procedures: data collection for rapid ecological assessment fish surveys. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818-5007. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-15-07, 33p. doi:10.7289/V5SN06ZT Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC https://doi.org/10.7289/v5sn06zt WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository Source Citation URL information originator Heron SF, et al. "Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World’s Coral Reefs 1985-2012." Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 38402. 2017-12-06 publication Scientific Reports https://www.nature.com/articles/srep38402 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Nature Scientific Reports Source Citation URL information publisher 2016-12-06 Lozada-Misa P, Schumacher BD, Vargas-Angel B. 2017. Analysis of benthic survey images via CoralNet : a summary of standard operating procedures and guidelines. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Administrative Report, H-17-02, 169 p. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/AR-PIFSC-H-17-02. 2017-01-01 publication Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/AR-PIFSC-H-17-02 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository Source Citation URL information originator Maynard, J., S. McKagan, L. Raymundo, S. Johnson, G. Ahmadia, L. Johnston, P. Houk, G. Williams, M. Kendall, S. Heron, R. van Hooidonk, and E. McLeod. 2015. Assessing relative resilience potential of coral reefs to inform management in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Silver Spring, MD: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 22. 153pp. 2015-10-01 publication CNMI Division of Environmental Quality https://doi.org/10.7289/v5h41pfm WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository Source Citation URL information originator McClanahan TR, Donner SD, Maynard JA, MacNeil MA, Graham NAJ, et al. (2012) Prioritizing Key Resilience Indicators to Support Coral Reef Management in a Changing Climate. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42884. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042884 2012-08-29 publication PLoS ONE https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0042884 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link PLOS ONE Source Citation URL information publisher Tuitele C, et al. TERRITORY OF AMERICAN SAMOA INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT REPORT 2016 2016-04-01 publication American Samoa Watershed Management and Protection Program FY15 Annual Report. American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency https://www.epa.as.gov/sites/default/files/documents/public_notice/2016%20AS%20Integrated%20Report%20for%20Public%20Notice%202016%200410%20FINAL.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency Source Citation URL information originator Vargas-Angel, B., B.D. Schumacher. (2018). Baseline Surveys for Coral Reef Community Structure and Demographics in Vatia and Faga'alu Bay, American Samoa NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Special Publication, SP-18-002, 38 p. 2017-12-31 publication Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-18-002 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Institutional Repository Source Citation URL information originator otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None