gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:46163 eng UTF8 dataset CSV Files Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider Luers, Lori H 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA lori.luers@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2026-03-04T19:17:25 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Water chemistry at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from discrete surface and bottom water samples collected in 2013 and 2014 Timor: Water Chemistry 2017 publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46163 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/46163 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. originator http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/Handbook_2007.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements (Dickson et al, 2007). The "Guide" all in one PDF is available on this website as well. download https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/coral_triangle_initiative.php WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL Information about the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program's activities in the Coral Triangle. download https://pifscblog.wordpress.com/2013/08/13/final-count-timor-leste-2/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL PIFSC blog post, August 2013: The final count: summary of mission to assess reef fish assemblages, build capacity in Timor-Leste download https://pifscblog.wordpress.com/2013/06/03/fish-acidification-timor-leste/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL PIFSC blog post, June 3 2013: Scientists assess reef fish and benthic communities, monitor effects of ocean acidification off Timor-Leste download https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/projects/timor-leste/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL Timor-Leste project portal on the NOAA Coral Reef Information Service website where NOAA's final report for Timor-Leste and the datasets generated by NOAA CREP as part of the project can be downloaded. download tableDigital Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. 2017. Interdisciplinary baseline ecosystem assessment surveys to inform ecosystem-based management planning in Timor-Leste: Final Report. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Special Publication, SP-17-002, 234 p. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-17-002. The water chemistry data described here are from discrete water samples collected by the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) in 2013 and 2014 to assess the seawater carbonate systems primarily at fixed climate survey sites located in coral reef habitats in Timor-Leste. Climate sites were established by CREP to establish ecological baselines for climate change by measuring multiple features of the coral reef environment (in addition to the data described herein) over time. Water chemistry data for both 2013 and 2014 is only available for a subset of the established climate survey sites (5 of the 8 sites). In 2013, water samples were collected from a few random sites in addition to the samples collected at the climate survey sites. SCUBA divers collected two discrete water samples from each site; one at the reef and one at the surface directly above the reef. In 2013 only, surface water samples were also collected ~1 km offshore from the survey site. The samples were processed by CREP and sent to NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) to be analyzed for total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). From these constituents, alongside temperature, salinity, and depth data, other parameters of the seawater carbonate system were calculated, including pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and aragonite saturation state. The water chemistry data can be accessed online via the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Ocean Archive. Laboratory experiments reveal calcification rates of crustose coralline algae (CCA) are strongly correlated to seawater aragonite saturation state. Predictions of reduced coral calcification rates, due to ocean acidification, suggest that coral reef communities will undergo ecological phase shifts as calcifying organisms are negatively impacted by changing seawater chemistry. These water chemistry data for Timor-Leste, along with other data collected at the climate survey sites (water temperature, calcification rates, invertebrate biodiversity, and benthic cover, all archived separately), can be used to help scientists assess and understand how Timor-Leste's coral reefs are responding to ocean acidification. PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Program and funded by the United States Agency for International Development completed Oliver, Thomas (808)725-5444 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA thomas.oliver@noaa.gov Email preferred pointOfContact Barkley, Hannah C 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA hannah.barkley@noaa.gov custodian notPlanned Updated in 2021 to revise data errors. https://galapagosscience.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/chuki_niskin.jpg Example of a SCUBA diver collecting a water sample underwater using a Niskin Bottle. Source: Galapagos Science Center, El-Nino Research Cruise News Blog, https://galapagosscience.wordpress.com/. JPG Numeric Data Sets > Water Quality theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Baseline studies EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Chemical EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Physical EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Alkalinity EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Carbon Dioxide > Partial Pressure EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Carbonate Chemistry EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Chemistry Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Dissolved Gases EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Inorganic Carbon EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Ocean Acidification EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > pH EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Salinity theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus ARAGONITE SATURATION STATE DEPTH - OBSERVATION DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) SALINITY WATER TEMPERATURE pH partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water total alkalinity theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS water chemistry theme NODC Observation Types Thesaurus CORAL REEF STUDIES Coral Triangle Initiative theme NODC Project Names Thesaurus US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program theme NODC Submitting Institution Names Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor) (09S126E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Timor Sea > Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor) (09S126E0001) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus Indian Ocean Timor Sea place NODC Sea Area Names Thesaurus CRED CREP Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program DIC PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center TA USAID United States Agency for International Development pCO2 theme Atauro Baucau Bobonaro Dili Lautem Manatuto Oecusse Timor-Leste Vila MPA place DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Timor Leste project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Water chemistry at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from discrete surface and bottom water samples collected in 2013 and 2014 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/46163. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: These oceanographic data are PRELIMINARY data and have not been screened for accuracy. NOAA can not be held liable for use of these data in a manner other than for perusal of preliminary oceanographic data for scientific research on coral reefs ecosystems. Please cite PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using the data. Suggested citation: Ecosystem Sciences Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2021). Water chemistry at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from discrete surface and bottom water samples collected from 2013 to 2014. NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/46163. otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable Assessing cryptic reef diversity of colonizing marine invertebrates using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) deployed at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from 2012 to 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46159 crossReference Benthic images collected at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from 2012-2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46160 crossReference Benthic percent cover derived from analysis of benthic images collected at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste in 2013 and 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46161 crossReference Calcification Rates of Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA) Derived from Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) Deployed at Coral Reef Sites in Timor-Leste from 2012 to 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46162 crossReference Coral reef fish biomass and benthic cover data from Timor-Leste in June 2013 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 32998 crossReference Depth soundings from a single beam echo sounder collected around the nearshore areas of Timor-Leste in 2012 and 2013 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 25307 crossReference Nearshore Benthic Habitats of Timor-Leste Derived from WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery NOAA/NMFS/EDM 29128 crossReference Satellite-derived bathymetry for nearshore benthic habitats in Timor-Leste NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46150 crossReference Water temperature data from Subsurface Temperature Recorders (STRs) deployed at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from 2012 to 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46164 crossReference WorldView-2 Satellite Image Inventory for Timor-Leste NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46151 crossReference NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46163 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/46163.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. information crossReference eng; US oceans Water Sample Data: Microsoft Access 2010 Timor-Leste 124.36833 127.31222 -9.19571 -8.15301 Extent of water chemistry data for Timor-Leste from water samples collected in 2013 and 2014. Time frame of water chemistry data from water samples collected in Timor-Leste in 2013. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2013-06-06 2013-06-27 Time frame of water chemistry data from water samples collected in Timor-Leste in 2014. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2014-09-16 2014-10-09 As the survey methods described and used herein are also implemented as part of the NOAA Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP)—an ecosystem-scale interdisciplinary coral reef monitoring program—the data from Timor-Leste are directly comparable to and informed by data collected by NOAA-CREP throughout the U.S. Pacific Islands and Territories. Furthermore, the methods used for establishing ecological baselines for climate change in Timor-Leste (Chapter 4) are being adopted and implemented at 21 sites across eight member states of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission within the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) region. These data provide a foundation for comparing the ecological baselines under current and future stresses associated with climate change in the Coral Triangle region. In 2011, NOAA and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Timor-Leste Mission formed a 5-year bi-lateral partnership agreement from 2012 to 2016, in support of the Government of Timor-Leste—particularly the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF)—by addressing significant information gaps in their nearshore marine ecosystems. Specifically, MAF asked NOAA to address the following questions: 1.Where are the nearshore marine resources? 2.What are the nearshore marine resources? 3.How are they changing over time and what threats are potentially causing these changes? 4.What approaches are needed to manage and conserve the nearshore marine resources? With financial support from USAID and in-kind support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) conducted baseline ecosystem assessment surveys to inform ecosystem-based management planning in Timor-Leste. The primary activities conducted by NOAA to answer these questions included: 1.satellite mapping of nearshore habitats, 2.conducting coral reef ecosystem assessments, 3.establishing ecological baselines for climate change, and 4.building management capacity by developing a spatial data framework The water chemistry data described herein resulted from the third activity to establish ecological baselines for climate change. false eng false Spreadsheet ESD_USAID_H2O_DataDictionary_CT_2014 2021-10-28 publication PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format XLS - Microsoft Excel NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information Email preferred distributor https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0157633 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link PMEL_2010_SOP_DICandTA.pdf Discrete water sample collection protocol, established by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0157633 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Dickson_2007_SOP_OceanCO2.pdf Dickson et al. (2007) protocols, Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. ("Guide" in one PDF file). Chapter 4, SOPs 1, 2 and 3b are relevant to this particular dataset. download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0168915 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link ESD_H2O_2013-2014_TimorLeste.csv Water chemistry data from water samples collected by the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program at sites in Timor-Leste from 2013 to 2014. Updated in October 2021 to amend data. download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0168915 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link ESD_H2O_2013-2014_TimorLeste_QC Quality Control report generated for data from discrete seawater samples analyzed in Timor-Leste in 2013 and 2014. download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0168915 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link SubmissionForm_carbon_v1_ESD_H2O_2013-2014_TimorLeste OCADS Submission Form for submitting water samples to be analyzed by PMEL for water samples collected in Timor-Leste in 2013 and 2014. download dataset Accuracy Water samples: Accuracy of laboratory analysis is explained in detail in Dickson et al (2007). Comparability Since the carbonate system can vary on a diurnal scale and not all samples are taken at the exact same time of day, considering the time a sample was taken may be important for some analyses. However, because all samples are taken between 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM, variation due to diurnal change is expected to be small. Completeness Report Water chemistry data is not provided for all sites where water samples were collected. While processing water samples or during laboratory analysis, any samples deemed unsuitable/poor quality were thrown out. Conceptual Consistency The same methods of data collection were used at each surveyed site within a survey year, though, there were minor differences in survey protocol between samples collected in 2013 and 2014 (see lineage/methodology section). The processed/analyzed data are very consistent, sample collection and processing protocols are adhered to very rigorously, both in the field and in the lab. NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) assembles carbonate chemistry information from discrete seawater samples analyzed for two parameters: 1) Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), which in some literature is defined as Total Carbon (CT), and 2) Total Alkalinity (TA or AT). All carbonate system collection and measurement methodologies follow the protocols accepted by the greater scientific community and outlined in Dickson et al. (2007) At each Climate Monitoring site, 1 discrete near reef seawater sample (recovered at ~15-m depth) and 1 surface seawater sample (recovered at ~1-m depth) were collected using 5-L Niskin bottles. In 2013, a third seawater sample was collected ~1-km offshore from each site (recovered at ~1-m depth). Each time a water sample was collected, it was divided into: (1) a 500-mL glass bottle and preserved with mercuric chloride (for dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC] and total alkalinity [TA] analysis) and (2) a 250-mL HDPE plastic bottle (for salinity analysis). During both 2013 and 2014 field efforts, 1 in 4 water sample collections were replicated to ensure analytical reproducibility. Discrete water samples are collected according to the protocol established by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Young, Charles W charles.young@noaa.gov processor In 2013, electronic measurements of temperature and pressure were taken at the location where each water sample was collected using a Seabird SBE-39 subsurface temperature recorder. In 2014, immediately upon returning to the dive boat, a conductivity-temperature-depth instrument was used to sample through the water column above the 15-m survey site using a SBE-19plus. Young, Charles W charles.young@noaa.gov processor NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) supports NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program's (CREP’s) carbonate chemistry sampling through the laboratory analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA), provision of the sample bottles and transport cases, and technical consultation. The source document contains the protocols that PMEL uses to analyze water samples for DIC (SOP 2) and TA (SOP 3b). The Total Alkalinity (TA) analysis employs a two-stage, potentiometric, open-cell titration using coulometrically analyzed HCl. Coral reef ecosystem integrated observing system: In-situ oceanographic observations at the US Pacific islands and atolls https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/library/pubs/Hoeke_etal_JOO_2009.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Dickson et al (2007), SOP 1: Water Sampling for the parameters of the oceanic carbon dioxide system https://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/sop01.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Dickson et al (2007), SOP 2: Determination of total dissolved inorganic carbon in sea water https://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/sop02.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Dickson et al (2007), SOP 3b: Determination of total alkalinity in sea water using an open-cell titration https://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/sop03b.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. https://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/Guide_all_in_one.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Inorganic Carbon Sampling: Planning and Sample Collection 2010-05-14 publication NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/files/dic_sample_technique_revised_5-17-10.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None