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                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Ocean Circulation &gt; Water Velocity</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>SIGMA-T</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>diel</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Seawater carbonate chemistry at the benthos is dynamic and driven by physical and biological processes occurring at time scales of minutes to days. The measurements and analyses from this instrument suite is representative of the water column chemistry at the time of measurement, but this highly variable environment allows for a fairly wide distribution of measured values.</gco:CharacterString>
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Satlantic SeaFET Ocean pH sensor: measurement range: 6.5-9.0 pH; salinity range: 2-40 psu; accuracy: +/- 0.05 pH; precision: better than 0.001 pH; resolution: 0.0001 pH; stability: 0.005 pH/mo

SBE-19plus CTD sensor:

Conductivity - measurement range: 0-9 S/m; accuracy: +/- 0.0005 S/m; stability: 0.0003 S/m per month; resolution: 0.00005 S/m;

Temperature - measurement range: -5-35 deg C; accuracy: +/-0.005 deg C; stability: 0.0002 deg C per month; resolution: 0.0001 deg C;

Pressure - measurement range: 0-600 m; accuracy: +/- 0.1%; stability: +/- 0.1%; resolution: 0.002%

SBE 43 oxygen sensor: Measurement range: 120% surface saturation; accuracy: +/- 2% of saturation; stability: 0.5% per 1000 hours

Nortek Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 1MHz: Profiling range: 12-25 m; accuracy: +/- 1%</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>The entire suite of instrumentation is deployed during diel surveys; however, various issues can occur with any one or several of the instruments during the deployment thereby limiting the data recovered.

While PUCs are programmed to collect water on this regular sampling schedule, issues with the pumps can occasionally result in missing samples for some of the time steps.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Redundant data are collected to ensure accuracy of the methods/instrumentation. pH is captured from the discrete water samples and pH sensor. Pressure is captured by the ADCP and the CTD. Temperature is captured by the pH sensor and the CTD.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>All analyzed samples and measured values are included. NULL values in the data, where they exist, indicate that the observation/analysis was not conducted for the sample record where it appears.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
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            <gco:CharacterString>Conceptual Consistency</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>The data are very consistent, sample collection and processing protocols detailed in Dickson et al (2007) are adhered to rigorously, both in the field (SOP #1) and in the laboratory (SOP #2 and #3b).</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement>
            <gco:CharacterString>The ocean acidification diel suite is a collection of instruments deployed by SCUBA divers onto the seafloor that makes autonomous measurements and collects seawater samples. For a typical deployment, the diel suite consists of: 1 Sea Bird Electronics (SBE)-19plus CTD, 1 Nortek Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), 1 Satlantic SeaFET Ocean pH sensor, 1 SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor, and up to 9 Programmable Underwater Collectors (PUCs), where each PUC collects 1 water sample at a 4-hour interval over a minimum 24-hour period. All instruments are weighted or zip-tied to rubble on the seafloor, or both, to secure the position of the instrumentation for the duration of the deployment.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Water samples collected with Programmable Underwater Collectors (PUC)

Developed by Dr. Chris Langdon's laboratory at the University of Miami, PUCs are computerized timers attached to a low-power peristaltic pump. An array of PUCs collects water samples at 4-hour intervals over the course of at least 24-hours, usually starting at 12:00 pm local time on day 1 and ending at 12:00 pm on day 2. While PUCs are programmed to collect water on this regular sampling schedule, issues with the pumps can occasionally result in missing samples for some of the time steps.

Samples are collected underwater in tedlar bags pre-poisoned with mercuric chloride and transferred to glass bottles within a few hours of recovery. Water samples are analyzed for DIC using a coulometer (SOP #2) and for TA using a titrator (SPO #3b) by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. Full carbon system chemistry values (including pH, pCO2, and aragonite saturation state) are derived from DIC/TA and salinity/temperature/pressure data from a co-deployed CTD using the R package seacarb. Discrete sample pH data are compared to SeaFET pH data.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:individualName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Barkley, Hannah C</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>hannah.barkley@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) sensor

The diel suite includes either a side-looking ADCP. ADCP measurements are collected at 10 minute intervals and binned by height above the sensor. Each height bin is represented in the data set as the upper limit of the bin height above the sensor on the seafloor (for example, a 1.4 m bin represents current data collected between 0.4 m and 1.4 m above the ADCP). ADCP data include a blanking region, or a small distance in front of the transducer in which measurements cannot be made, of 0.2-0.4 m. Current data are grouped into 1-m height bins.

Raw data downloaded from the ADCP are processed in R using the oce package. XYZ coordinate data are converted to ENU (east-north-up) coordinate system. Current speed is calculated as the square root of the sum of the squared u and v velocities and direction as the arctan(v/u). Data are trimmed to a maximum height bin for each time step using pressure data to remove above-water signal. As a result, NULL values may exist for larger height bins above the surface of the water due to waves and tides.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:individualName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Barkley, Hannah C</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>hannah.barkley@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
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          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensor

CTD data are collected by a Sea Bird Electronics 19plus v2 SeaCAT every 10 minutes. Data are uploaded as HEX files, converted to CNV using SBE Data Processing Software, and converted to CSV using the 'oce' package in R.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:individualName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Barkley, Hannah C</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:individualName>
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>hannah.barkley@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
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                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>SeaFET pH sensor

The SeaFET pH measures in-situ pH using a solid state ISFET sensor with an AgCl external reference electrode. The electrode is conditioned in running seawater up to a week prior to deployment and stored in artificial seawater between deployments. pH data are collected in bursts of 30 measurements every 5 minutes. The SeaFET is co-deployed with a CTD, and temperature and salinity values from the CTD time series are used to correct the raw pH time series. The SeaFET derives pH from both internal and external potentiometric cells, but only external pH is reported. SeaFET pH values are compared to pH values calculated from discrete TA and DIC samples collected at the same time and location.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:individualName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Barkley, Hannah C</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:individualName>
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>hannah.barkley@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
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                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Dissolved oxygen sensor

An SBE-43 dissolved oxygen sensor is co-located with the SBE-19plus CTD.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:individualName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Barkley, Hannah C</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:individualName>
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>hannah.barkley@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
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                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
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Protocols to collect, process, and analyze water samples for DIC and TA:

SOP 1: Water Sampling for the parameters of the oceanic carbon dioxide system

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                    <gco:CharacterString>SOP for instrument data processing using the R package occ</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:Date>2019-05-31</gco:Date>
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