gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:45817 eng UTF8 dataset CSV Files Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider Luers, Lori H 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA lori.luers@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2026-03-04T19:17:25 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Water Chemistry and Shallow Water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Profiles for select locations across Batangas, Philippines from 2012 to 2015 Philippines: Water Chemistry & CTD 2021-10 revision 2021 publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 45817 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/45817 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. originator https://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/Handbook_2007.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements (Dickson et al, 2007). The "Guide" all in one PDF is available on this website as well. Chapter 4 is relevant to the dataset, specifically standard operating procedures (SOPs) 1, 2, and 3b. download https://pifscblog.wordpress.com/2013/03/06/verde-island-passage/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL NOAA PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Division blog post from the 2013 mission to the Philippines. download https://www.coraltriangleinitiative.org/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Coral Triangle Initiative Official page for Coral Triangle Initiative download tableDigital The water chemistry data described here are from discrete water samples collected by the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP), to assess the seawater carbonate systems at fixed climate survey sites located in coral reef habitats in the Philippines in 2012, 2013, and 2015. Climate sites were established by CREP to assess multiple features of the coral reef environment (in addition to the data described herein) over time. In 2015, conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts were also performed to characterize the spatial structure of the physical and chemical properties of the ocean environment influencing the living coral reef resources. These water chemistry and CTD data provide a baseline for tracking reef carbonate system changes due to globally increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The data can be accessed online via the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Ocean Archive. To survey water chemistry, SCUBA divers collected two discrete water samples from each site; one at the reef and one at the surface directly above the reef. The samples were processed by CREP and sent to NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) to be analyzed for total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). From these constituents, alongside temperature, salinity, and depth data, other parameters of the seawater carbonate system can be calculated. CTD data are collected by lowering the CTD in a profiling mode from a small boat, resulting in vertical profiles (max 18 meter depth, downcast only) of water column conductivity, temperature, and pressure. Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and turbidity resulting from CTD casts provide indicators for local seawater chemistry changes. In addition to these discrete samples, water samples were collected as part of CREP's ocean acidification diurnal suite, which also includes vertical profiles from CTD casts, current direction and magnitude from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, and pH from an SeaFET sensor. The data associated with the diurnal suite are documented and archived separately; The data associated with the diurnal suite is documented and archived separately with metadata available at https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/45954. Laboratory experiments reveal calcification rates of crustose coralline algae (CCA) are strongly correlated to seawater aragonite saturation state. Predictions of reduced coral calcification rates, due to ocean acidification, suggest that coral reef communities will undergo ecological phase shifts as calcifying organisms are negatively impacted by changing seawater chemistry. PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division and funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and the United States Agency for International Development completed Barkley, Hannah C 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA hannah.barkley@noaa.gov pointOfContact Barkley, Hannah C 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA hannah.barkley@noaa.gov custodian notPlanned Updated and revised in October 2021 due to errors in salinity used to calculate Total Alkalinity, Dissolved Organic Carbon, pCO2, pH, and Aragonite Saturation State in previous analysis. Initially published CTD and carbonate chemistry data together in 2017 with accession number 0162832 (deprecated as of November 2021). CTD and water sample carbonate chemistry datasets are now under separate accessions. https://galapagosscience.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/chuki_niskin.jpg Example of a SCUBA diver collecting a water sample underwater using a Niskin Bottle. Source: Galapagos Science Center, El-Nino Research Cruise News Blog, https://galapagosscience.wordpress.com/. JPG 483 Climate, Biodiversity and Fisheries in the Coral Triangle: Embracing the E in Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries Management theme CRCP Project Numeric Data Sets > Oceanography Numeric Data Sets > Water Quality theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Baseline studies EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Physical EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Alkalinity EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Carbon Dioxide EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Carbonate Chemistry EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Chemistry Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Dissolved Gases EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Inorganic Carbon EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Ocean Acidification EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Oxygen EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > pH EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Turbidity EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Pressure > Sea Level Pressure EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Thermocline > Profile EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Conductivity EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Density EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Salinity theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Conductivity DEPTH - SENSOR DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) PRESSURE - WATER [HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE] SALINITY SIGMA-T TOTAL ALKALINITY (TA) WATER DENSITY WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS DISSOLVED OXYGEN theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS in situ physical profile water chemistry theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS CORAL REEF STUDIES Coral Reef Conservation Program Coral Triangle Initiative NODC Ocean Acidification Scientific Data Stewardship theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program theme NODC Submitting Institution Names Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Philippines > Batangas > Arthur's Rock (13N120E0002) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Philippines > Batangas > Mabini (13N120E0032) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Philippines > Batangas > Tingloy (13N120E0009) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Philippines > Batangas > Twin Rocks Sanctuary (13N120E0005) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > South China Sea > Balayan Bay > Arthur's Rock (13N120E0002) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > South China Sea > Balayan Bay > Mabini (13N120E0032) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > South China Sea > Balayan Bay > Twin Rocks Sanctuary (13N120E0005) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > South China Sea > Maricaban Island > Tingloy (13N120E0009) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus NW Pacific (limit-180) place NODC Sea Area Names Thesaurus CTD instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS CRED CREP Climate Change Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center USAID United States Agency for International Development theme Arthur's Reef Batalang Bato Batong Buhay CT Coral Triangle Koala Reserve Area Philippines Twin Rocks Verde Island Passage place SMALL BOAT platform DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Baseline data from Climate Stations in Batangas, Philippines from 2012 to 2015 project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Water Chemistry and Shallow Water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Profiles for select locations across Batangas, Philippines from 2012 to 2015 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/45817. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: These oceanographic data are PRELIMINARY data and have not been screened for accuracy. NOAA can not be held liable for use of these data in a manner other than for perusal of preliminary oceanographic data for scientific research on coral reefs ecosystems. Please cite PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using the data. Suggested citation: Ecosystem Sciences Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2021). Water chemistry and Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) profiles at coral reef sites in Batangas, Philippines from discrete surface and bottom water samples collected from 2012 to 2015. NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/45817. otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable Assessing cryptic reef diversity of colonizing marine invertebrates using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) deployed at coral reef sites in Batangas, Philippines from 2012 to 2015 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 45818 crossReference Benthic images collected at coral reef sites in Batangas, Philippines in 2012 and 2015 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 45820 crossReference Benthic percent cover derived from analysis of benthic images collected at coral reef sites in Batangas, Philippines in 2015 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 45819 crossReference Calcification Rates of Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA) Derived from Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) Deployed at Coral Reef Sites in Batangas, Philippines from 2012 to 2015 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 45816 crossReference Diel seawater carbonate chemistry observations from a suite of instrumentation deployed at coral reef sites in Batangas, Philippines from May 21-31, 2015 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 45954 crossReference NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA/NMFS/EDM 45817 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/45817.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. information crossReference eng; US oceans Raw water sample and CTD profile data are downloaded as .HEX files, processed using Sea-Bird Scientific SBE Data Processing Software and the R package "oce", and saved as .CNV and .CSV files. The processed files have been transitionally migrated to the NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) enterprise Oracle database in preparation for the implementation of adding OCC data entry into the existing Oracle APEX mission application. Data are then extracted from the Oracle database and distributed to the NOAA ocean data archive by region and year. Mabini and Tingloy in Batangas, Philippines 120.872 120.8951 13.6587 13.7281 Extent of water and CTD observations in from 2012-2015 at five survey locations in the municipalities of Mabini and Tingloy in Batangas, Philippines (near the Verde Island Passage), including Batong Buhay, Koala Reserve Area, Arthur's Reef, Twin Rocks, and Batalang Bato. 2015 recovery mission to Batangas, Philippines. Time frame of water and CTD observations in 2015 from sites across Mabini and Tingloy. Other instruments were also recovered and benthic photographs were taken during this mission. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2015-05-23 2015-06-03 Initial mission to deploy instrumentation, and to collect benthic photographs and water samples. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2012-03-12 2012-03-15 Interim mission to collect water samples for carbonate chemistry monitoring | Currentness: Ground Condition 2013-02-02 2013-02-03 The Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) at NOAA Fisheries is conducting in-situ climate monitoring across the U.S. Pacific Islands Region. Climate monitoring provides a comprehensive view of climate change impacts on coral reef ecosystems and helps identify areas of resilience and vulnerability. The key indicators used to identify and monitor climate-driven trends include 1) thermal stress caused by changes in sea temperature, 2) ocean acidification resulting from changes in carbonate chemistry, and 3) ecological impacts by collecting data on coral growth rates and community structure to understand the impacts of thermal stress and ocean acidification on the ecosystem. This particular dataset for the Philippines is part of a 3-year project ("Climate, Biodiversity and Fisheries in the Coral Triangle: Embracing the E in Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries Management") implemented by CREP. This project was funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Regional Development Mission Asia (RDMA) as part of the U.S. Coral Triangle Initiative, with additional support from the Coral Triangle Support Partnership and USAID Philippines. The goal of the project was to build on CREP's expertise to provide tools and information about climate change, ocean acidification, and their impacts on biodiversity and fisheries that could inform and be incorporated into an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) for the Philippines. CREP worked with local governments, communities, and NGOs to build science capacity by establishing robust observing capabilities and providing hands-on training to initiate collection of climate science information for the Verde Island Passage in the Philippines that can be used toward adaptive EAFM. CREP traveled to the Verde Island Passage region of the Philippines in 2012 to deploy moored oceanographic (subsurface temperature recorders [STRs]) and ecological (calcification accretion units [CAUs] and autonomous reef monitoring structures [ARMS]) instrumentation, to collect surface and bottom water samples, and to conduct benthic photo-quadrat surveys, which included the collection of benthic images; in 2013 to collect additional water samples; and again in 2015 to recover the instrumentation and to collect another round of water samples and benthic images and to conduct diel surveys. All activities were conducted by SCUBA divers at five locations in the municipalities of Mabini and Tingloy, including Batong Buhay, Koala Reserve Area, Arthur's Reef, Twin Rocks, and Batalang Bato. At each of the five locations, a shallow and deep survey site was established for a total of 10 survey sites. false eng false Spreadsheet ESD_USAID_H2O_DataDictionary_CT_2015 2021-10-28 publication ESD_USAID_CTD_DataDictionary_CT_2015 2021-10-28 publication PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information Email preferred distributor https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0157633 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link PMEL_2010_SOP_DICandTA.pdf Discrete water sample collection protocol, established by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0157633 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Dickson_2007_SOP_OceanCO2.pdf Dickson et al. (2007) protocols, Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. ("Guide" in one PDF file). Chapter 4, SOPs 1, 2 and 3b are relevant to this particular dataset. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0242691 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link ESD_USAID_H2O_2012-2015_Philippines.csv Carbonate chemistry data from water samples taken from 2012-2015 in the Philippines. Revised in 2021 to amend errors in data. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0242691 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link ESD_USAID_H2O_2012-2015_Philippines_QC.pdf QC report for 2012-2015 Philippines water sample data. Revised in 2021 to amend errors in data. download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0242952 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link ESD_USAID_CTD_CT_2015.csv Shallow CTD profiles collected from climate survey sites in Batangas, Philippines (Mabini and Tingloy) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division in 2015. Data include conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density. Revised in 2021 to amend errors in data. download dataset Accuracy Water samples: Accuracy of laboratory analysis is explained in detail in Dickson et al (2007). Comparability Since the carbonate system can vary on a diurnal scale and not all samples are taken at the exact same time of day, considering the time a sample was taken may be important for some analyses. However, because all samples are taken between 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM, variation due to diurnal change is expected to be small. Completeness Report Water Samples: All analyzed samples are included. -9.99-E29 values in the data, where they exist, indicate that this observation/analysis was not conducted for the sample record where it appears. CTD: The data are believed to be complete. -9.99-E29 values in the data, where they exist, indicate that this observation/analysis was not conducted for the sample record where it appears. "Raw" data without calculations are provided, as many different parameters, in addition to aragonite saturation state, can be calculated from the data provided, and researchers may be interested in different parameters. Conceptual Consistency The same methods of data collection are used at each surveyed site. The data are very consistent, sample collection and processing protocols are adhered to very rigorously, both in the field and in the lab. NOAA's Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) assembles carbonate chemistry information from discrete seawater samples analyzed for two parameters: 1) Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), which in some literature is defined as Total Carbon (CT), and 2) Total Alkalinity (TA or AT). To examine carbonate chemistry, discrete seawater samples were taken at fixed climate sites from 2012-2015 in the Philippines. Shallow CTD profiles were also collected from climate survey sites in Batangas, Philippines (Mabini and Tingloy) by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division in 2015 to measure conductivity, temperature, pressure, depth, salinity, and density. All carbonate system collection and measurement methodologies follow the protocols accepted by the greater scientific community and outlined in Dickson et al. (2007) Discrete water samples are collected according to the protocol established by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Young, Charles W charles.young@noaa.gov processor NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) collects supplementary salinity, temperature, and pressure values by deploying a Seabird Electronics SBE-19plus CTD in concert with every discrete seawater sample collection. Young, Charles W charles.young@noaa.gov processor NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) supports NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program's (CREP’s) carbonate chemistry sampling through the laboratory analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA), provision of the sample bottles and transport cases, and technical consultation. The source document contains the protocols that PMEL uses to analyze water samples for DIC and TA. The Total Alkalinity (TA) analysis employs a two-stage, potentiometric, open-cell titration using coulometrically analyzed HCl. The CTD package is deployed off a small boat using a hand line. The CTD is held just under the surface for 1 minute to cycle water through the instrument and tubing. Afterwards the CTD is lowered at an even pace to near the bottom depth (max 18 m). A GPS waypoint is taken at the beginning of the cast to mark the position and time. Young, Charles W charles.young@noaa.gov processor The raw data are processed by the SeaBird data processing software (http://www.seabird.com/software/sbe-data-processing) using the following steps: 1) Data conversion, 2) Filter, 3) AlignCTD, 4) Loop Edit, 5) Derive, 6) Bin Average. Each header in the raw and processed files is manipulated to include the latitude, longitude, and date/time (in UTC) of the cast. The result is a standard ascii .cnv file, in addition to the raw .hex file. THe data are then ingested into an Access database. Young, Charles W charles.young@noaa.gov processor Aragonite calculations (not provided in dataset) that are of interest to CREP researchers as part of the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program are described here. CO2Sys is a carbonate system calculator used to calculate aragonite parameters. It can be used in programs written for Excel, Matlab, R, and many more. The source document is the CO2Sys User's Manual. The CO2Sys Excel and Matlab versions most commonly used by oceanographers can be found online at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/co2sys/. In section 6.3 the output variable for aragonite saturation state is "Omegas for calcite and aragonite at the output conditions" Section 12 contains the "Omega" calculation of interest. With all the input conditions, including temp, salinity, pressure (depth), dissolved nutrients, and 2 of the required carbonate system parameters (CREP analyzes water samples for DIC and TA) collected in the field (and included in the dataset), the rest of the carbonate values can be calculated, one of which is the omega for aragonite (i.e., aragonite saturation state). Oliver, Thomas (808)725-5444 thomas.oliver@noaa.gov processor Coral reef ecosystem integrated observing system: In-situ oceanographic observations at the US Pacific islands and atolls https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/library/pubs/Hoeke_etal_JOO_2009.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Dickson et al (2007), SOP 1: Water Sampling for the parameters of the oceanic carbon dioxide system https://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/sop01.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Dickson et al (2007), SOP 2: Determination of total dissolved inorganic carbon in sea water https://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/sop02.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Dickson et al (2007), SOP 3b: Determination of total alkalinity in sea water using an open-cell titration https://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/sop03b.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. https://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/Guide_all_in_one.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Inorganic Carbon Sampling: Planning and Sample Collection 2010-05-14 publication NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/files/dic_sample_technique_revised_5-17-10.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Program developed for CO2 System Calculations (CO2Sys) 1998-02-01 publication https://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/co2sys/CO2SYS_calc_DOS_v1.05/cdiac105.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None