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        <gco:CharacterString>Nearshore and offshore Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) casts were collected at sites in the Hawaiian Archipelago as part of the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). These surveys were conducted by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD; formerly the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division) during ESD-led NCRMP missions in the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) in 2013, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2021, and 2024. The CTD casts provide vertical profiles (downcast only) of water column conductivity, temperature, and pressure with calculated depth, salinity, and water density.

Nearshore CTD (Sea-Bird Electronics SBE19plus in 2013, 2015, and 2016; RBR Concerto 3 in 2019, 2021, and 2024) casts were collected from a small boat using a hand line and held just under the surface for 1 minute. Data were collected by lowering the CTD in profiling mode at an even pace (descent rate ~0.5 to 0.75 meters per second) to a maximum depth of ~30 m. Offshore (~10-15km from land) CTD profiles were collected from the ship using a SBE19plus (2013, 2015, 2016), RBR concerto 3 (2019, 2024 NWHI), or SBE911plus (2024 MHI). Offshore casts were typically conducted to a maximum depth of ~10m, though deeper profiles (down to ~500m) were collected at some locations and years. Data processing was performed using Sea-Bird Scientific SBE or RBR Ruskin Data Processing Software and the R package "oce".</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
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                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Place Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Use Constraints: Please cite PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using the data.

Suggested Citation:
Ecosystem Sciences Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2024). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Shallow Water Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Profiles for selected locations across the Hawaiian Archipelago from 2013 to 2024.  NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/36818.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Raw CTD profile data from the SBE19+ are downloaded as .HEX files, converted to .CNV files using Sea-Bird Scientific SBE Data Processing Software and instrument-specific calibration data, processed in R using the R package "oce", and saved as .CSV files. Raw CTD profile data from the RBR Concerto3 are downloaded as .RSK files, processed using RBR Ruskin Software and the R package "oce", and saved as .CSV files. The processed files are migrated to the NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) enterprise Oracle database. Data are then extracted from the Oracle database and distributed to the NOAA ocean data archive by region and year.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:description>
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                  <gml:endPosition>2013-09-18</gml:endPosition>
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            <gco:CharacterString>SBE-19plus CTD sensor:

Conductivity - measurement range: 0-9 S/m; accuracy: +/- 0.0005 S/m; stability: 0.0003 S/m per month; resolution: 0.00005 S/m;

Temperature - measurement range: -5-35 deg C; accuracy: +/-0.005 deg C; stability: 0.0002 deg C per month; resolution: 0.0001 deg C;

Pressure - measurement range: 0-600 m; accuracy: +/- 0.1%; stability: +/- 0.1%; resolution: 0.002%

RBR Concerto3 CTD sensor:

Conductivity - measurement range: 0-85 mS/cm; accuracy: +/- 0.003 mS/cm; stability: 0.010 mS/cm/year; resolution: 0.001 mS/cm

Pressure - measurement range: 0-500 m; accuracy: +/- 0.05% full scale; stability: +/- 0.05% full scale/year; resolution: 0.001% full scale

Temperature - measurement range: -5-35 deg C; accuracy: +/-0.002 deg C; stability: 0.002 deg C per month; resolution: 0.00005 deg C</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Barkley, Hannah C</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Raw profile data from the SBE19+ are downloaded from the CTD as .HEX and converted to .CNV using the manufacturer-provided instrument-specific configuration file in Sea-Bird Scientific SBE Data Processing Software.

Raw profile data from the RBR Concerto3 are downloaded from the CTD as .RSK and converted to .CSV using the manufacturer-provided instrument-specific Ruskin Software.

Profiles are then trimmed to downcast only, any erroneous data spikes are filtered out, the surface equilibration period is removed, and data are binned into 1-m depth bins in R using the package "oce". Processed profile data are then exported as .CSV files.</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Barkley, Hannah C</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>RK Hoeke, JM Gove, E Smith, P Fisher-Pool, M Lammers, D Merritt, OJ Vetter, CW Young, KB Wong &amp; RE Brainard (2009) Coral reef ecosystem integrated observing system: In-situ oceanographic observations at the US Pacific islands and atolls, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 2:2, 3-14, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2009.12027737</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:Date>2009-01-01</gco:Date>
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                                <gmd:URL>https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2009.12027737</gmd:URL>
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                                <gco:CharacterString>The PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division's oceanography team collects data using a variety of methods as described in this paper on in-situ oceanographic observations.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>The SBE 19plus V2 (Version 2) SEACAT Profiler measures conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) and provides high accuracy and resolution, reliability, and ease-of-use for a wide range of research, monitoring, and engineering applications. The pump-controlled, TC-ducted flow configuration minimizes salinity spiking caused by ship heave and allows for slow descent rates without slowing sensor responses, improving dynamic accuracy and resolving small scale structure in the water column.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>The EM 712 multibeam echosounder is a second generation high to very high resolution seabed mapping system capable of meeting all relevant survey standards. The system configuration can be tailored to the user's requirement, allowing for choice of beam widths as well as transmission modes. The minimum survey depth is from less than 3 meters below the transducers, and the maximum depth is an unmatched 3600 meters. Across track coverage (swath width) is now more than 3500 meters. Further key advances made for the EM 712 include low-noise receiver transducers and electronics in addition to a smaller, lighter form factor, enabling for more flexible installation on a wider variety of vessels.The EM 710 operates at sonar frequencies in the 40 to 100 kHz range.</gco:CharacterString>
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