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At each REA survey site, 1 or 2 nSPC fish surveys were conducted, with each survey being carried out by a pair of divers each recording the number, size and species of all fishes within adjacent 15-m diameter cylinders. Benthic estimates were recorded at the end of the fish surveys.

Reef fish and benthic estimate data provided in this data set were collected during stationary point count surveys as part of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (formerly the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division) led Pacific RAMP cruises. Data collected as part of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument funded research cruises in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2012 are also included as these data were funded separately from but are complementary to the Pacific RAMP data collected by ESD.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>The Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP), established by the PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division (formerly the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division) and supported by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), was tasked with documenting and understanding the status and trends of coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. Pacific. Pacific RAMP involved interdisciplinary monitoring of oceanographic conditions and biological surveys of organisms associated with hard-bottomed habitats in the 0-30 m depth range. Regions were surveyed on a biennial cycle and aimed to support integrated, consistent and comparable monitoring of coral reefs across all U.S.-affiliated regions.</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Gardner Pinnacles (25N168W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Kure Atoll (28N178W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Laysan Island (25N171W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Lisianski Island (25N173W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Maro Reef (25N170W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Midway Atoll (28N177W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Necker Island (23N164W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Nihoa (23N161W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Oahu (21N157W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Kauai &gt; Niihau Island (21N160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Maui &gt; Lanai Island (20N156W0002)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Maui &gt; Maui Island (20N156W0004)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Baker Island (00N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Howland Island (00S176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; USA Minor Outlying Islands &gt; Wake Atoll (19N167E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; American Samoa (14S170W0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Manu'a Islands (14S170W0038)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; South Bank (14S170W0067)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Swains Atoll (11S171W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Tutuila Island (14S170W0016)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Baker Island &gt; Baker Island (00N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Hawaii Island &gt; Hawaii Island (19N155W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Kauai Island &gt; Kauai Island (22N159W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Lanai Island &gt; Lanai Island (20N156W0002)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Maui Island &gt; Maui Island (20N156W0004)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Molokai Island &gt; Molokai Island (21N157W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Niihau Island &gt; Niihau Island (21N160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Oahu Island &gt; Oahu (21N157W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Howland Island &gt; Howland Island (00S176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Johnston Atoll &gt; Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Line Islands &gt; Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Line Islands &gt; Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Line Islands &gt; Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Gardner Pinnacles (25N168W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Kure Atoll (28N178W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Laysan Island (25N171W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Lisianski Island (25N173W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Maro Reef (25N170W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Midway Atoll (28N177W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Necker Island (23N164W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Nihoa (23N161W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Wake Atoll &gt; Wake Atoll (19N167E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Manu'a Group &gt; Ofu Island (14S169W0013)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Manu'a Group &gt; Olosega Island (14S169W0014)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Manu'a Group &gt; Ta'u Island (14S169W0012)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Rose Island &gt; Rose Island (Rose Atoll) (14S168W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Agrihan Island &gt; Agrihan Island (18N145E0002)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Aguihan Island Reefs &gt; Aguihan Island (Aguijan) (14N145E0006)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Alamagan Island &gt; Alamagan Island (17N145E0002)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Asuncion Island &gt; Asuncion Island (19N145E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Farallon de Pajaros &gt; Farallon de Pajaros (20N144E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Guam &gt; Guam (13N144E0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Guguan Island &gt; Guguan Island (17N145E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Mariana Archipelago &gt; Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Maug Island &gt; Maug Island (20N145E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Pagan Island &gt; Pagan Island (18N145E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Rota Island &gt; Rota Island ( Luta ) (14N145E0007)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Saipan Island &gt; Saipan Island (15N145E0002)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Sarigan Island &gt; Sarigan Island (16N145E0003)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Tinian Island Reefs &gt; Tinian Island (14N145E0005)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Place Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Equatorial Pacific Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Marianas Trench Marine National Monument</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>NW Pacific</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>North Pacific Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Rose Atoll Marine National Monument</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>South Pacific Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CRED</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CREP</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Coral Reef Ecosystem Division</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Coral Reef Ecosystem Program</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>ESD</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Ecosystem Sciences Division</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PIFSC</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>RAMP</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>REA</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Rapid Ecological Assessment</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Reef Fish</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SPC</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Stationary Point Count</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Biennial</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="temporal">temporal</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CNMI</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>MHI</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Main Hawaiian Islands</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Mariana Archipelago</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Mariana Islands</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Marianas</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>NWHI</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PRIA</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Remote Island Areas</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC &gt; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation uuid="9f0de6e6-428b-11df-9879-0800200c9a66">
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2017-04-24</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                  </gmd:dateType>
                </gmd:CI_Date>
              </gmd:date>
              <gmd:edition>
                <gco:CharacterString>8.5</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:edition>
              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty xlink:title="GCMD Landing Page">
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty uuid="1edb41d0-428a-11df-9879-0800200c9a66">
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:organisationName>
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
                          </gmd:linkage>
                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>For the current NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) stationary point count (SPC) method, pairs of divers record the number, size, and species of all fishes observed within visually estimated cylinders 15 meters (m) in diameter. At the start of a survey dive, a pair of divers first lay down a 30-m transect line along a predetermined depth contour, and then the two divers move to the 7.5- and 22.5-m marks on that line; these marks serve as the centers of two adjacent SPC cylinders. During the first 5 minutes of a survey, the divers create a list of the fish species observed in or passing through their cylinder. After the first 5 minutes, divers systematically proceed down their species lists, counting and estimating the size (total length, or TL) of each fish present to the nearest centimeter. Species seen after the 5 minutes or outside of the survey area are recorded as present. On completing the fish count, divers make rapid visual estimates of benthic cover and structural complexity of the substrate within their survey cylinder. Benthic cover is estimates for broad functional group leg Hard Coral, Sand, Macroalgae) and structural complexity is made by estimating amount of the cylinder within 5 substrate-height bins (&lt;20cm, 20-50; 50-100; 100-150, &gt;150cm).</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>2010: Benthic estimates and collection of benthic photos both began during ASRAMP. 
2010: divers begin recording instantaneous and non-instantaneous data for fish counts
2012: divers begin recording urchin abundance
2012: divers change benthic substrate complexity measurements from 5-point scale to proportion of substrate in various height bins. 
mid-2012: divers add fish observations to include fish entering the survey area either 5 or 10 min after beginning of species enumeration period.</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Ayotte, P., K. McCoy, A. Heenan, I. Williams, and J. Zamzow. 2015. Coral Reef Ecosystem Division standard operating procedures: data collection for Rapid Ecological Assessment fish surveys. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818-5007. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-15-07, 33 p.</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:Date>2015-12-21</gco:Date>
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