gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:29128 eng UTF8 dataset GIS dataset of raster files Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5300 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Website Website for this organization information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. resourceProvider DesRochers, Annette M (808)725-5461 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA annette.desrochers@noaa.gov 8 am - 5 pm email preferred pointOfContact Akridge, Michael W (808)725-5483 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA michael.akridge@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2026-03-04T19:17:17 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Nearshore Benthic Habitats of Timor-Leste Derived from WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery Timor: WV-2 Benthic Habitats 2017 publication NOAA/NMFS/EDM 29128 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/29128 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Full Metadata Record View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. information Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 808-725-5360 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA pifsc.info@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Website Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center homepage information 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. originator https://dg-cms-uploads-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/document/file/35/DG-8SPECTRAL-WP_0.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL DigitalGlobe. 2010. The Benefits of the Eight Spectral Bands of WorldView-2. download https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/coral_triangle_initiative.php WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL Information about the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program's activities in the Coral Triangle. download https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/projects/timor-leste/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL Timor-Leste project portal on the NOAA Coral Reef Information Service website where NOAA's final report for Timor-Leste and the datasets generated by NOAA CREP as part of the project can be downloaded. download https://dg-cms-uploads-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/document/file/98/WorldView2-DS-WV2-rev2.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Citation URL WorldView-2 Data Sheet download mapDigital Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. 2017. Interdisciplinary baseline ecosystem assessment surveys to inform ecosystem-based management planning in Timor-Leste: Final Report. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Special Publication, SP-17-002, 234 p. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-17-002. Benthic habitat classes were derived for nearshore waters (< 20 m depths) around Timor-Leste from DigitalGlobe WorldView-2 satellite imagery, acquired from February 9, 2010 to December 14, 2013, by the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP). Habitat classes include soft (sand or mud) and hard (rubble, boulders, etc.) substrates by depth (shallow, mid and deep); seagrass, mangrove, and macroalgae dominated areas; intertidal zones; lagoons; and emergent rocks. Supervised classifications were performed using several different methods (maximum likelihood, and minimum distance) with imagery at several different stages of processing (deglinted, radiance, reflectance and deglinted, depth invariant, sieve, and clump), with final classification based on the classification method and imagery variant that provided the best overall results for each WorldView-2 image. In 2011, NOAA and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Timor-Leste Mission formed a 5-year bi-lateral partnership agreement from 2012 to 2016, in support of the Government of Timor-Leste—particularly the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF)—by addressing significant information gaps in their nearshore marine ecosystems. Specifically, MAF asked NOAA to address the following questions: 1. Where are the nearshore marine resources? 2. What are the nearshore marine resources? 3. How are they changing over time and what threats are potentially causing these changes? 4. What approaches are needed to manage and conserve the nearshore marine resources? With financial support from USAID and in-kind support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (NOAA-CREP) conducted baseline ecosystem assessment surveys to inform ecosystem-based management planning in Timor-Leste. The primary activities conducted by NOAA to answer these questions included: 1. satellite mapping of nearshore habitats, 2. conducting coral reef ecosystem assessments, 3. establishing ecological baselines for climate change, and 4. building management capacity by developing a spatial data framework The benthic habitat classification data described herein resulted from the first activity to conduct satellite mapping for the nearshore waters around Timor-Leste. PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Program and funded by the United States Agency for International Development completed DesRochers, Annette M (808)725-5461 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA annette.desrochers@noaa.gov 8 am - 5 pm email preferred pointOfContact Akridge, Michael W (808)725-5483 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA michael.akridge@noaa.gov pointOfContact Acoba, Tomoko S (808)725-5448 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA tomoko.acoba@noaa.gov 8:00 am - 4:00 pm HST email preferred custodian Akridge, Michael W (808)725-5483 1845 Wasp Blvd. Honolulu HI 96818 USA michael.akridge@noaa.gov custodian notPlanned https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/projects/timor-leste/images/benthic_Habitat.jpg An example of the benthic habitat data generated for Timor-Leste from WorldView-2 satellite imagery. jpg Geographic Information > Habitats theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Fleshy Macroalgae EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > GIS EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > Base map EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > Habitat Mapping EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > geomorphology Mapping EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing > Satellite (digital scans) > WorldView-2 EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Hard Seafloor Substrate EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Soft Seafloor Substrate EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Lagoons EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Mangroves EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Plants > Seagrass EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine algae theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus HABITAT - BENTHIC SUBSTRATE DESCRIPTION theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS GIS product benthic derived products theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS CORAL REEF STUDIES Coral Triangle Initiative theme NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NMFS; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Ecosystem Sciences Division; Coral Reef Ecosystem Program theme NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor) (09S126E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Timor Sea > Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor) (09S126E0001) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus Indian Ocean Timor Sea place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS CRED CREP Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Substrate USAID United States Agency for International Development theme Atauro Baucau Bobonaro Dili Jaco Lautem Liquica Manatuto Manufahi Oecusse Timor Timor-Leste Vila MPA place DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC > Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2017-04-24 publication 8.5 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Timor Leste project InPort otherRestrictions Cite As: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Nearshore Benthic Habitats of Timor-Leste Derived from WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/29128. NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Use Constraints: Please cite NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) when using the data. Example Coral Reef Ecosystem Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2017). Nearshore Benthic Habitats of Timor-Leste Derived from WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery. NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/29128 otherRestrictions Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. unclassified Not applicable Not applicable Assessing cryptic reef diversity of colonizing marine invertebrates using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) deployed at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from 2012 to 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46159 crossReference Benthic images collected at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from 2012-2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46160 crossReference Benthic percent cover derived from analysis of benthic images collected at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste in 2013 and 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46161 crossReference Calcification Rates of Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA) Derived from Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) Deployed at Coral Reef Sites in Timor-Leste from 2012 to 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46162 crossReference Coral reef fish biomass and benthic cover data from Timor-Leste in June 2013 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 32998 crossReference Depth soundings from a single beam echo sounder collected around the nearshore areas of Timor-Leste in 2012 and 2013 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 25307 crossReference Satellite-derived bathymetry for nearshore benthic habitats in Timor-Leste NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46150 crossReference Water chemistry at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from discrete surface and bottom water samples collected in 2013 and 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46163 crossReference Water temperature data from Subsurface Temperature Recorders (STRs) deployed at coral reef sites in Timor-Leste from 2012 to 2014 NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46164 crossReference WorldView-2 Satellite Image Inventory for Timor-Leste NOAA/NMFS/EDM 46151 crossReference NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA/NMFS/EDM 29128 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/pifsc/dmp/pdf/29128.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. information crossReference eng; US biota oceans Maps were developed using standard image processing software, including ArcGIS version 10.3, ENVI version 4.8, and Microsoft Excel version 14.0.73162.5000. Timor-Leste 124 127.5 -10 -8 Timor-Leste Time span of satellite images acquired from DigitalGlobe, Inc. | Currentness: Ground Condition 2010-02-09 2013-12-14 false eng false Data Table WV2_Habitat_Classes_TIMOR 2017-12-18 publication CSV - Comma Separated Values (Text) PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format GeoTIFF Text (Unstructured) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0168914 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Benthic_Habitat_Final_TIF_Metadata.csv Metadata information for each final benthic habitat geotif produced for the four regions (north shore, south shore, Atauro Island, and Oecusse) in Timor-Leste. Metadata file includes source satellite image name, and identifies the specific layer used for benthic classification, the supervised classification type, and any post-processing methods used. download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0168914 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Benthic_Feature_Classification_from_WorldView.pdf A Methodology for Classification of Benthic Features using WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery. download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0168914 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Benthic_Habitat_Timor.zip GeoTiff raster benthic habitat data for nearshore waters of Timor Leste, based on a supervised classification of WorldView-2 satellite imagery. The benthic habitat data are organized by region (north shore, south shore, Atauro Island, and Oecusse), and each region contains 1) the individual final benthic habitat files (one geoTiff for each satellite image), 2) a projected (UTM_Zone_51S) benthic habitat mosaic for the region, and 3) an unprojected (WGS84) mosaic for the region. The mosaics are also in geoTiff format. An ESRI layer file is included within each region folder for ease of displaying the geoTiffs in ESRI's ArcGIS software. The symbology is based on the VALUE field and defined by the corresponding class. download https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0168914 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link README.ZIP README folder contains the README.txt files for each final benthic habitat geotif produced for the four regions (north shore, south shore, Atauro Island, and Oecusse) of Timor-Leste. Each README.txt file contains specific details for each geotif generated. download dataset Accuracy Limited validation data are available, precluding a quantitative error analysis. Preliminary maps were reviewed by a few persons working in coral reef ecosystems in Timor-Leste and their comments and corrections were incorporated into the final maps. Analytical Accuracy Little-to-no ground truth data are available; therefore, no error analysis was conducted because there was no way to quantify correctness of the data. Completeness Report Nearshore waters along the coast of Timor-Leste are completely covered with WorldView-2 satellite imagery. There are, however, holes in derived habitat layers resulting from areas of high water column turbidity, clouds, whitewater, etc. that were masked out of the analyses due to a lack of reliable imagery of the seafloor for those areas. Multiple overlapping images of some portions of the shoreline enabled sections of different images to be extracted and used to patch holes in other images in some cases, in a process known as "cloud patching." This process enabled more complete coverage to be developed. Imagery was acquired for Timor-Leste from Jan 26 2010 to Aug 10, 2014. The subset of imagery used to derive habitats was from February 9, 2010 to December 14, 2013. Conceptual Consistency Pre-processing of all WorldView-2 satellite images was performed using the same methods, to produce a deglinted image, radiance and depth invariant data layers. Three different supervised classification algorithms were run for each data layer, including Mahalanobis Distance, Maximum Likelihood and Minimum Distance methods. All three algorithms were run alone and also followed, when it appeared necessary, by Sieve and Sieve Clump post-classification steps to merge nearby pixels together. The resulting habitat maps were compared to select the method that produced the best results for each of the WorldView-2 images. Benthic habitat classes were derived for nearshore waters around Timor-Leste from WorldView-2 satellite imagery. Habitat classes include different combinations of shallow, mid and deep depths, soft (sand or mud) or hard (rubble, boulders, etc.) substrates, macroalgae, seagrass or mangrove dominated areas, intertidal areas, lagoons, and emergent rocks. Supervised classifications were performed using several different methods and with imagery at several different stages of processing, with final classification based on the classification method and imagery variant that provided the best overall results for each WorldView-2 image. Satellite imagery was collected by the WorldView-2 commercial Earth observation satellite owned by DigitalGlobe. WorldView-2 provides panchromatic imagery of .46 meter resolution, and eight-band multispectral imagery with 1.84 meter (6 foot 0 inch) resolution. Ehses, Julia (808)725-5447 julia.ehses@noaa.gov processor Image pre-processing steps are described in the NOAA Technical Memorandum "Depth Derivation Using Multispectral WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery". Pre-processing of all WorldView-2 satellite images was performed using the same methods, to produce a deglinted image, radiance and depth invariant data layers. Ehses, Julia (808)725-5447 julia.ehses@noaa.gov processor Each image data layer was loaded into ENVI and 13 different regions of interest (ROIs) were created. The ROIs are classified as followed: hard shallow, soft/sand shallow, hard mid depth, soft/sand mid depth, hard deep, soft/sand deep, seagrass, intertidal, mangroves, emergent rocks, macroalgae, and lagoon. Areas within the imagery unable to be classified were annotated as unknown. The Image classification was performed separately on the multi-band image using three different methods: 1) The Mahalanobis Distance Classification, which is a direction sensitive distance classifier. J.A.Richards, 1999, Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 240. 2) The Maximum Likelihood Distance, which assumes that the statistics for each class in each band are normally distributed. 3) Minimum Distance, which uses the mean vectors for each class and calculates the distance from each unknown pixel the the mean vector for each class. More information about the Mahalanobis Distance, Maximum Liklihood Distance and the Minimum Distance algorithm can be found in the ENVI documentation. The results of each of the three classifications were compiled into an ENVI standard image. The outputs were exported in a geotiff format. Ehses, Julia (808)725-5447 julia.ehses@noaa.gov processor Geotiffs were loaded in ArcGIS and all land and NoData values were removed using the Arc toolbox "extract by mask" tool. The outputs were the same eleven classes as the ROI's. Deep sea areas were manually digitized from classified images as a shapefile with reference to the satellite image as needed, then converted to raster files and mosaicked back onto classified images. Shallow lagoons were also manually digitized, converted to raster files , mosaicked back onto the classified imagery. This is required because the habitat derivation method does not work well on very shallow waters in Timor-Leste as these areas often have high turbidity levels. Ehses, Julia (808)725-5447 julia.ehses@noaa.gov processor The complete methodology to classify benthic features using WorldView-2 satellite imagery. Ehses, Julia (808)725-5447 julia.ehses@noaa.gov processor The methodology along with the results are described in the final report produced by CREP for the Government of Timor-Leste, Interdisciplinary baseline ecosystem assessment surveys to inform ecosystem-based management planning in Timor-Leste: Final Report. Depth Derivation Using Multispectral WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-PIFSC-46 2015-06-01 publication Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/library/pubs/tech/NOAA_Tech_Memo_PIFSC_46.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information ENVI Exelis Visual Information Solutions http://exelisvis.com/ProductsServices/ENVIProducts/ENVI.aspx WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information ESRI ArcGIS Desktop 10.3, 'Extract by Mask’ tool http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/tools/spatial-analyst-toolbox/extract-by-mask.htm WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information ESRI Imagery Basemap http://www.esri.com/data/basemaps WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Edwards, AJ. 1999. Applications of Satellite and Airborne Image Data to Coastal Management Seventh Computer-Based Learning Module (Bilko for Windows). Paris: UNESCO. Hedley, J. D., A. R. Harborne, and P. J. Mumby. 2005. “Technical Note: Simple and Robust Removal of Sun Glint for Mapping Shallow-water Benthos.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 26 (10). Taylor & Francis Group: 2107–12. doi:10.1080/01431160500034086. Lyzenga, David R., Norman P. Malinas, and Fred J. Tanis. 2006. “Multispectral Bathymetry Using a Simple Physically Based Algorithm.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44 (8): 2251–59. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872909. Source Contribution: The methods to derive habitats from WorldView-2 satellite imagery for Timor-leste are described in Appendix C, and findings/results are summarized in Chapter 2. The data is presented in a 50+ page map book in Appendix D. PIFSC. 2017. Interdisciplinary baseline ecosystem assessment surveys to inform ecosystem-based management planning in Timor-Leste: Final Report. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC Special Publication, SP-17-02, 234p. 2017-06-21 publication Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIFSC https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-17-002 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information Updike, T, and C Comp. 2010. “Radiometric Use of WorldView-2 Imagery.” Technical Note. Longmont, Colorado. Watkins, Russell, L., 2015, A Methodology for Classification of Benthic Features using WorldView-2 Imagery, Report prepared for the Ecospatial Information Team, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, under NOAA contract number WE-133F-15-SE-0518, 29pp. Russell Watkins ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/webdocs/documentation/Classification_of_Benthic_Features_using_WorldView_final.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Source Citation URL Source Citation URL information otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None