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Surveys were conducted at fixed sites at depths ranging between 10 m and 15 m. Sites were surveyed using belt transects to collect coral colony metrics. At each site, the surveyor listed and identified to the genus or species level, all coral colonies occurring within 0.5 sq. meters of each side of two, 25-m transect lines; and recorded the visually estimated size class to which the maximum diameter of  each colony belonged (0-5 cm; &gt;5-10 cm; &gt;10-20 cm; &gt;20-40 cm; &gt;40-80 cm; &gt;80-160 cm; or &gt;160 cm). In geographic regions such as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands where coral richness and abundance are reduced relative to lower latitude regions with higher species richness, the protocol was amended to include all corals occurring within 1 m of each side of the transect lines.  These coral demographic data provide information on coral abundance (density, proportion occurrence, and total colony abundance), size distribution, and taxonomic richness.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Coastal Processes &gt; Coral Reefs</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Marine Biology &gt; Coral</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Marine Biology &gt; Coral Communities</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Theme Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
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          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CORAL - COLONY SIZE</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>in situ</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>survey - biological</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>survey - swimmer/diver</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>HI'IALAKAI</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OSCAR ELTON SETTE</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TOWNSEND CROMWELL</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CORAL REEF STUDIES</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Coral Reef Conservation Program</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Reef and Assessment Monitoring Program</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; Northern Mariana Islands &gt; Rota &gt; Rota Island ( Luta ) (14N145E0007)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; American Samoa &gt; American Samoa &gt; Ofu Island (14S169W0013)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; American Samoa &gt; American Samoa &gt; Ta'u Island (14S169W0012)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Guam &gt; Guam (13N144E0000)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Gardner Pinnacles (25N168W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Kure Atoll (28N178W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Laysan Island (25N171W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Lisianski Island (25N173W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Maro Reef (25N170W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Midway Atoll (28N177W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Oahu (21N157W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Kauai &gt; Niihau Island (21N160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Rose Atoll (14S168W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Swains Atoll (11S171W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; American Samoa &gt; Tutuila Island (14S170W0016)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Baker Island &gt; Baker Island (00N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Lanai Island &gt; Lanai Island (20N156W0002)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Maui Island &gt; Maui Island (20N156W0004)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Molokai Island &gt; Molokai Island (21N157W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Niihau Island &gt; Lehua Island (22N160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Niihau Island &gt; Niihau Island (21N160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Line Islands &gt; Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Line Islands &gt; Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Line Islands &gt; Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Gardner Pinnacles (25N168W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Kure Atoll (28N178W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Laysan Island (25N171W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Lisianski Island (25N173W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Maro Reef (25N170W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Midway Atoll (28N177W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Necker Island (23N164W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands &gt; Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Wake Atoll &gt; Wake Atoll (19N167E0001)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Manu'a Group &gt; Ofu Island (14S169W0013)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Manu'a Group &gt; Olosega Island (14S169W0014)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Manu'a Group &gt; Ta'u Island (14S169W0012)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Aguihan Island Reefs &gt; Aguihan Island (Aguijan) (14N145E0006)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Guam &gt; Guam (13N144E0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Guam &gt; Santa Rosa Bank (12N144E0051)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Mariana Archipelago &gt; Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Rota Island &gt; Rota Island ( Luta ) (14N145E0007)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Saipan Island &gt; Saipan Island (15N145E0002)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Western Pacific Ocean &gt; Tinian Island Reefs &gt; Tinian Island (14N145E0005)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Place Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Equatorial Pacific Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Marianas Trench Marine National Monument</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>NW Pacific</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>North Pacific Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Rose Atoll Marine National Monument</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>South Pacific Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>CRED</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CREP</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Coral Reef Ecosystem Division</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Coral Reef Ecosystem Program</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>ESD</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Ecosystem Sciences Division</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PIFSC</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>RAMP</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>REA</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Rapid Ecological Assessment</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>belt transect</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CNMI</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>MHI</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Main Hawaiian Islands</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Mariana Archipelago</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Mariana Islands</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Marianas</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>NWHI</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PRIA</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Remote Island Areas</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC &gt; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation uuid="9f0de6e6-428b-11df-9879-0800200c9a66">
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
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                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2017-04-24</gco:Date>
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                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                </gmd:CI_Date>
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                <gco:CharacterString>8.5</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:edition>
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                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_Constraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
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          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Access Constraints: None</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Use Constraints: Please cite PIFSC Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) when using the data.

Example:
Ecosystem Sciences Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2019: Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Belt Transect Surveys of Corals at U.S. Pacific Reefs from 2002 to 2007 (uneven size-class bins), https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/10512.</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmd:useLimitation>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution Liability: While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_SecurityConstraints>
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            <gmd:MD_ClassificationCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_ClassificationCode" codeListValue="unclassified">unclassified</gmd:MD_ClassificationCode>
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          <gmd:classificationSystem>
            <gco:CharacterString>Not applicable</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:handlingDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Not applicable</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
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          </gmd:geographicElement>
          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <gmd:EX_GeographicDescription>
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                <gmd:MD_Identifier>
                  <gmd:code>
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                </gmd:MD_Identifier>
              </gmd:geographicIdentifier>
            </gmd:EX_GeographicDescription>
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            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-1-1">
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                  <gml:beginPosition>2005-10-03</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2005-10-08</gml:endPosition>
                </gml:TimePeriod>
              </gmd:extent>
            </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
          </gmd:temporalElement>
          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-1-2">
                  <gml:description>Mission HI0702 to Aguijan, Guam, Rota, Saipan, and Tinian in the Mariana Archipelago. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2007-05-12</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2007-05-22</gml:endPosition>
                </gml:TimePeriod>
              </gmd:extent>
            </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
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              <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
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              </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
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              </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
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          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <gmd:EX_GeographicDescription>
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                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-2-1">
                  <gml:description>Mission TC0201 to Ofu, Olosega, Ta'u, and Tutuila. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
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                  <gml:endPosition>2002-02-14</gml:endPosition>
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                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-2-2">
                  <gml:description>Mission OES0402 to Ofu, Olosega, Rose, Swains, Ta'u, and Tutuila. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2004-02-04</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2004-02-25</gml:endPosition>
                </gml:TimePeriod>
              </gmd:extent>
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          <gmd:temporalElement>
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              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-2-3">
                  <gml:description>Mission HI0602 to Ofu and Olosega, Rose Atoll, Swains, Tau, and Tutuila. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2006-02-11</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2006-03-08</gml:endPosition>
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          <gmd:geographicElement>
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          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <gmd:EX_GeographicDescription>
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                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-3-3">
                  <gml:description>Misson OES0502 to Hawaii and Maui of the main Hawaiian Islands. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
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              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-3-5">
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                  <gml:description>Mission HI0401 to French Frigate Shoals, Gardner, Kure, Layson, Lisianski, Maro, Midway, and Pearl and Hermes of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2004-09-16</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2004-10-11</gml:endPosition>
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            </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
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          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-3-7">
                  <gml:description>Mission HI0610 to Hawaii, Kaula, Kauai, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, Niihau, and Oahu of the main Hawaiian Islands. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
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                  <gml:endPosition>2006-08-19</gml:endPosition>
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          <gmd:temporalElement>
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              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-3-8">
                  <gml:description>Mission HI0611 to French Frigate Shoals, Kure, Laysan, Lisianski, Maro, Midway, Necker, and Pearl and Hermes in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2006-09-03</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2006-10-01</gml:endPosition>
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      <gmd:extent>
        <gmd:EX_Extent>
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              <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>166.59378</gco:Decimal>
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              <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-159.9731</gco:Decimal>
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              <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
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                <gco:Decimal>19.3254</gco:Decimal>
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          <gmd:geographicElement>
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                  <gml:endPosition>2004-01-24</gml:endPosition>
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          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-4-2">
                  <gml:description>Mission OES0404 to Jarvis, Palmyra, and Kingman. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
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            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-4-3">
                  <gml:description>Mission OES0513 to Wake. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
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          <gmd:temporalElement>
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              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-4-4">
                  <gml:description>Mission HI0601 to Johnston, Howland, and Baker. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2006-01-18</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2006-02-01</gml:endPosition>
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          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-4-5">
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          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-4-6">
                  <gml:description>Mission HI0701 to Wake. | Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
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        <gmd:LanguageCode codeList="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php" codeListValue="eng">eng</gmd:LanguageCode>
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        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
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                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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      <gmd:lineage>
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          <gmd:statement>
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                <gco:CharacterString>At each site, benthic Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) surveys of corals were conducted along dedicated transects lines deployed following a specific isobath. At each site, the surveyor listed and identified to the genus or species level, all coral colonies occurring within 0.5-1.0 m of each side of the transect lines; and recorded the visually estimated size class to which the maximum diameter of  each colony belonged (0-5 cm; &gt;5–10 cm; &gt;10-20 cm; &gt;20-40 cm; &gt;40-80 cm; &gt;80-160 cm; or &gt;160 cm). The number of transects deployed and total belt survey area varied between sites depending on specific project objectives and weather conditions</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Vargas-Angel, Bernardo</gco:CharacterString>
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