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        <gco:CharacterString>Data collected on this cruise included the following:  acoustic recordings of marine species detected by sonobuoys; oceanographic measurements including water temperature, salinity, dissolved nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll concentrations, zooplankton net and acoustic samples; date, time and location of all sightings of marine mammals and seabirds as well as group characteristics; photographic data for individual identification.

We deployed 24 moorings in the working area (17 passive acoustic, 1 activie acoustic, 6 oceanographic).  In addition to the mooring and oceanographic work, the vessel will transited to Barrow Canyon and attempted to recover (without success) 3 moorings lost the previous year.</gco:CharacterString>
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- Determine general presence and detailed movements of bowhead, fin, gray, and humpback whales in oil and gas lease areas using long-term passive acoustic recorder arrays, sonobuoys, shipboard visual observations, and opportunistic satellite tracking.  
- Monitor ecosystem change through the use of  long-term biophysical moorings, shipboard observations and climate numerical models.
- Assess the response of the whales to environmental changes (including climate and anthropogenic use of the area) by integrating the biophysical, passive acoustic, and large whale biology data sets. 

These findings will be useful for formulating designs of mitigation for such activities. In particular, these data will be used to support National Environmental Policy Act analysis and documentation for Chukchi Lease Sales, Draft Proposed Programs, and monitoring, as well as ESA consultations, Marine Mammal Protection Act permitting, and preparation of Biological Evaluations and Biological Opinions.  In addition to the passive acoustic recorder and oceanographic instrument deployments, which are the focus of this study, a passive acoustic survey (using sonobuoys) and visual observation survey was undertaken during transit to and from the mooring sites.  
    
The specific objectives are: 

1. Assess the year-round seasonal occurrence of bowhead, gray, and other whale calls in the Chukchi Sea.

2. Track individual whales through a hydrophone array to estimate relative abundance whenever practicable.

3. Evaluate whether changes in seasonal sea ice extent is resulting in a northward shift of Bering Sea cetacean species such as fin, humpback and North Pacific right whales.

4. Provide long-term estimates of habitat use for large whale species and compare this with annual ice coverage in order to establish predictive variables to describe large whale occurrence.

5. Estimate the extent to which variability in environmental conditions such as oceanic currents, water temperature and salinity, and prey abundance influence whale distribution and relative abundance.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Biological data</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Fish juveniles</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Fish larvae</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Hydrographic data</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Ichthyoplankton</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Nutrients</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Arctic Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Chukchi Sea</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Northern Bering Sea</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DOC/NOAA/NMFS/AFSC &gt; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation uuid="9f0de6e6-428b-11df-9879-0800200c9a66">
              <gmd:title>
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              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2017-04-24</gco:Date>
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                <gco:CharacterString>8.5</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty xlink:title="GCMD Landing Page">
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                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Recruitment Processes Program</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>InPort</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Cite As: Alaska Fisheries Science Center, [Date of Access]: Obsolete - AFSC/RACE/EcoFOCI: 2010 Chukchi Acoustics, Oceanography, and Zooplankton (CHAOZ) Study - 1AE10 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/17089.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_Constraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:accessConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Access Constraints: There are no legal restrictions on access to the data. They reside in public domain and can be freely distributed.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Use Constraints: User must read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to use.  Applications or inferences derived from the data should be carefully considered for accuracy.  Data will reside at either NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) or the Alaska Fisheries Science Center depending on data type.  Acknowledgement of NOAA/NMFS/AFSC or NOAA/OAR/PMEL, as the source from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these, data is suggested.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_SecurityConstraints>
          <gmd:classification>
            <gmd:MD_ClassificationCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_ClassificationCode" codeListValue="unclassified">unclassified</gmd:MD_ClassificationCode>
          </gmd:classification>
          <gmd:classificationSystem gco:nilReason="missing" />
          <gmd:handlingDescription gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:MD_SecurityConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
        <gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
          <gmd:aggregateDataSetName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown" />
              <gmd:identifier>
                <gmd:MD_Identifier>
                  <gmd:authority>
                    <gmd:CI_Citation>
                      <gmd:title>
                        <gco:CharacterString>NOAA/NMFS/EDM</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:title>
                      <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                    </gmd:CI_Citation>
                  </gmd:authority>
                  <gmd:code>
                    <gco:CharacterString>17089</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:code>
                </gmd:MD_Identifier>
              </gmd:identifier>
              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nmfs/afsc/dmp/pdf/17089.pdf</gmd:URL>
                          </gmd:linkage>
                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:protocol>
                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:name>
                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:aggregateDataSetName>
          <gmd:associationType>
            <gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#DS_AssociationTypeCode" codeListValue="crossReference">crossReference</gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode>
          </gmd:associationType>
        </gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
      </gmd:aggregationInfo>
      <gmd:language>
        <gco:CharacterString>eng; US</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:language>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>oceans</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:extent>
        <gmd:EX_Extent>
          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <!-- Corresponds to geographic description of next GeographicElement-->
            <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
              <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-169</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-155</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>65.5</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
              <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>72</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
            </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
          </gmd:geographicElement>
          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <gmd:EX_GeographicDescription>
              <gmd:geographicIdentifier>
                <gmd:MD_Identifier>
                  <gmd:code>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Northeastern Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean; Chukchi Sea

The operating area was within and transiting to and from the Chukchi Sea from Nome, Alaska.  Primary mooring locations were perpendicular to the coast, in between the Burger and Klondike oil lease areas.  CTD and Tucker tow transects were at five separate locations perpendicular to the coast, extending out for approximately 75 km.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:code>
                </gmd:MD_Identifier>
              </gmd:geographicIdentifier>
            </gmd:EX_GeographicDescription>
          </gmd:geographicElement>
          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-1-1">
                  <gml:description>| Currentness: Ground Condition</gml:description>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2010-08-25</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2010-09-16</gml:endPosition>
                </gml:TimePeriod>
              </gmd:extent>
            </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
          </gmd:temporalElement>
        </gmd:EX_Extent>
      </gmd:extent>
      <gmd:supplementalInformation>
        <gco:CharacterString>http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/foci/operations/2010/1AE10/CHAOZ2010_CruiseReport.pdf</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:supplementalInformation>
    </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
    <gmd:MD_Distribution>
      <gmd:distributor>
        <gmd:MD_Distributor>
          <gmd:distributorContact>
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              <gmd:individualName>
                <gco:CharacterString>Duffy-Anderson, Janet</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:individualName>
              <gmd:contactInfo>
                <gmd:CI_Contact>
                  <gmd:phone>
                    <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      <gmd:voice gco:nilReason="missing" />
                    </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                  </gmd:phone>
                  <gmd:address>
                    <gmd:CI_Address>
                      <gmd:deliveryPoint gco:nilReason="missing" />
                      <gmd:city gco:nilReason="missing" />
                      <gmd:administrativeArea gco:nilReason="missing" />
                      <gmd:postalCode gco:nilReason="missing" />
                      <gmd:country gco:nilReason="missing" />
                      <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        <gco:CharacterString>janet.duffy-anderson@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                    </gmd:CI_Address>
                  </gmd:address>
                </gmd:CI_Contact>
              </gmd:contactInfo>
              <gmd:role>
                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="distributor">distributor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
              </gmd:role>
            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          </gmd:distributorContact>
        </gmd:MD_Distributor>
      </gmd:distributor>
      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/17089</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Full Metadata Record</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
        </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
      </gmd:transferOptions>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement>
            <gco:CharacterString>See InPort entries 26373, 26275, and 26570</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:statement>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataConstraints>
    <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      <gmd:accessConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
      </gmd:accessConstraints>
      <gmd:useConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
      </gmd:useConstraints>
      <gmd:otherConstraints>
        <gco:CharacterString>Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: None</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:otherConstraints>
    </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
  </gmd:metadataConstraints>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>