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            <gco:CharacterString>Related publications: Wedding LM, Lecky J, Gove JM, Walecka HR, Donovan MK, et al. (2018) Advancing the integration of spatial data to map human and natural drivers on coral reefs. PLOS ONE 13(3): e0189792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189792; Ning L, Cheung KF, Stopa JE, Hsiao F, Chen Y-L, et al. (2016) Thirty-four years of Hawaii wave hindcast from downscaling of climate forecast system reanalysis. Ocean Modelling 100: 78-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.001.</gco:CharacterString>
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Hourly 500-m SWAN model runs of wave power were converted to maximum daily wave power from 1979-2013 and then averaged over each month from 1979-2013, creating a monthly time series from which monthly climatologies were made. Pixels were removed directly adjacent to coastlines owing to the model being too coarse to handle extreme refraction and dissipation. Nearshore map pixels with no data were filled with values from the nearest neighboring valid offshore pixel by using a grid of points and the Near Analysis tool in ArcGIS then converting points to raster.

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        <gco:CharacterString>This layer was developed as part of a geospatial database of key anthropogenic pressures to coastal waters of the Main Hawaiian Islands for the Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project (http://oceantippingpoints.org). Ocean tipping points occur when shifts in human use or environmental conditions result in large, and sometimes abrupt, impacts to marine ecosystems. The ability to predict and understand ocean tipping points can enhance ecosystem management, including critical coral reef management and policies to protect ecosystem services produced by coral reefs. The goal of the Ocean Tipping Points Hawaii case study was to gather, process, and map spatial information on environmental and human-based drivers of coral reef ecosystem conditions.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS). Supported WMS versions include 1.1.1 and 1.3.0. Supported map formats include AtomPub, GeoRSS, GeoTIFF, GIF, JPEG, KML/KMZ, PDF, PNG, SVG, and TIFF. Supported info formats include GeoJSON, GeoJSON-P, GML, HTML, and plain text.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </srv:connectPoint>
        </srv:SV_OperationMetadata>
      </srv:containsOperations>
      <srv:operatesOn xlink:href="#DataIdentification" />
    </srv:SV_ServiceIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
    <gmd:MD_Distribution>
      <gmd:distributor>
        <gmd:MD_Distributor>
          <gmd:distributorContact>
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              <gmd:individualName gco:nilReason="missing" />
              <gmd:organisationName>
                <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:organisationName>
              <gmd:contactInfo>
                <gmd:CI_Contact>
                  <gmd:address>
                    <gmd:CI_Address>
                      <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        <gco:CharacterString>info@pacioos.org</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                    </gmd:CI_Address>
                  </gmd:address>
                  <gmd:onlineResource>
                    <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>http://pacioos.org</gmd:URL>
                      </gmd:linkage>
                      <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:protocol>
                      <gmd:applicationProfile>
                        <gco:CharacterString>web browser</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:applicationProfile>
                      <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                      </gmd:function>
                    </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  </gmd:onlineResource>
                </gmd:CI_Contact>
              </gmd:contactInfo>
              <gmd:role>
                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="publisher">publisher</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
              </gmd:role>
            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          </gmd:distributorContact>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>GeoServer</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>This URL provides access to this dataset via GeoServer, including multiple output formats and an OpenLayers viewer.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>http://pacioos.org/projects/oceantippingpoints/#data</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>PacIOOS Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) Data Viewer</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this dataset.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
        </gmd:MD_Distributor>
      </gmd:distributor>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement>
            <gco:CharacterString>2017-03-14T00:00:00Z OGC web services (WMS and WFS) enabled by PacIOOS via GeoServer. Original data from source provider may have been reformatted, reprojected, or adjusted in other ways to optimize these capabilities.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:statement>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency gco:nilReason="unknown" />
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>This record was translated and enhanced from GeoServer OGC Web Services (OWS) using PacIOOS software.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>