ffs_5m_hardsoft eng; USA utf8 dataset Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 808 725-5360 808 725-5429 NOAA IRC NMFS/PIFSC/CRED 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176 Honolulu HI 96818 nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov e-mail preferred pointOfContact 2024-12-15 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) 3 row 5344 column 4211 vertical 1 area World Geodetic System 1984 WGS 84 2007-08-27 revision https://epsg.org/crs_4326/WGS-84.html WGS 84 GML of World Geodetic System 1984 coordinate reference system. information resourceProvider European Petroleum Survey Group https://epsg.org/home.html European Petroleum Survey Group Geodetic Parameter Registry Registry that accesses the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset, which is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations. search publisher urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326 Preliminary hard and soft bottom seafloor substrate map derived from an unsupervised classification of gridded backscatter and bathymetry derivatives at French Frigate Shoals, Northwest Hawaiian Islands, USA 2009-09-01 publication Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) originator DIGITAL DATA Preliminary hard and soft seafloor substrate map derived from an unsupervised classification of multibeam backscatter and bathymety derivatives at French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, USA. The dataset was derived using a combination of Simrad em3002d and Reson 8101 backscatter, bathymetric variance and bathymetric rugosity. The sonar frequencies are 300 kHz and 240 kHz for the em3002d and the 8101 data respectively and all data were resampled to 5 m grid cell size prior to the classification. Initial supervised classifications of the backscatter data into hard and soft seafloor substrates, using seafloor photographs for groundtruthing and to define regions of interest, were used to define unsupervised class types and to visually evaluate the accuracy of the unsupervised classification seafloor substrate map. The hard and soft seafloor map is being used to improve sampling techniques for long-term ecosystem monitoring, to guide future ground-truthing operations and to identify coral-rich and species specific environments in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. This is a preliminary product and the methods used to generate the map are currently being evaluated for their accuracy. PIBHMC, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA, and JIMAR completed Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 808 725-5360 808 725-5429 NOAA IRC NMFS/PIFSC/CRED 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176 Honolulu HI 96818 nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov e-mail preferred pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/NWHI_images/FFS-5m-Hardsoft_445.jpg Hard and Soft Seafloor Substrate JPEG CoRIS_Metadata theme NCEI Geoportal Filter Benthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization - Northwestern and Main Hawaiian Islands 1217 project CRCP Project Geographic Information > Habitats theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Hard Seafloor Substrate EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Soft Seafloor Substrate theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Hard bottom Soft bottom Unsupervised Classification Acoustic Imagery Multibeam Backscatter Backscatter Bathymetry Multibeam sonar Substrate theme None French Frigate Shoals Hawaii Northwestern Hawaiian Islands United States of America place None OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus NWHI place CoRIS Region These data are not to be used for navigational purposes. NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. otherRestrictions Use Constraints: These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Please acknowledge the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) and the Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), and the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii as the sources of this information. otherRestrictions Access Constraints: None unclassified Not applicable Not applicable grid eng; USA imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Native Dataset Environment: GeoTIFF file created using ENVI 4.3 in a Microsoft Windows environment -166.39134 -166.20088 23.649073 23.870576 2005-04-06 2008-05-28 Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data were collected aboard the R/V AHI (Acoustic Habitat Investigator) and the NOAA Ship Hiialakai. See the metadata for those datasets served separately at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc. The batymetric rugosity dataset is also served separately at the same website. The bathymetric variance grids were generated for use in the classification process and are not served separately. See the process description portion of this document for additional information about how the variance and unsupervised layers were derived. Entity and Attribute Overview: none Entity and Attribute Detail Citation: none GeoTIFF, .tif none Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 808 725-5360 808 725-5429 NOAA IRC NMFS/PIFSC/CRED 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176 Honolulu HI 96818 nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov e-mail preferred distributor None https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/data-by-location/northwest-hawaiian-islands/french-frigate-shoals/geomorphology/ download dataset Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report Horizontal positioning system: GPS (SPS) Horizontal position accuracy: 25 meters Vertical Positional Accuracy Report 1 m Range resolution of sonar ~1.25 cm Raw sounding resolution: Variable Vertical accuracy of gridded product: 1% of water depth Complete These data are believed to be logically consistent though no tests were performed Processing steps used to generate the backscatter, bathymetry, and bathymetric rugosity grids used in the unsupervised classification process are described in their own metadata that can be found at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc. The most map contains three separated datasets including Simrad em3002d and Reson 8101 data collected on cruises in 2005 and Reson 8101 data collected in 2008. Backscatter from the three datasets were processed separately and resampled to 5 m grid cell size using the Raster Resample Tool in the ArcMap Version 9.3 Toolbox. Resampling of the backscatter was performed after charted data in the GeoTIFF format for the individual sonar systems were mosaicked using the ArcMap Version 9.3 Toolbox Mosaic to New Raster function. Mosaics were created in the ESRI GRID format. Bathymetric variance was calculated from the 5 m bathymetry in a two-step process using ArcMap Version 9.3. The first step involved calculating the standard deviation of the bathymetry layer using the Neighborhood Statistic tool from the Spatial Analyst pull-down menu in ArcMap Version 9.3. Rectangular neighborhood settings were set to a height and width of 2 grid cells to create a small-scale variance layer. The standard deviation output was then squared using the ArcMap Raster Calculater tool. A large-scale variance layer was also generated using a rectangular neighborhood height and width of 5 grid cells. The fine-scale variance is useful for defining small features that may indicate the presence of sediment ripples or possible coral-rich areas whereas the large-scale variance is useful for defining seafloor ridges, pinnacles, and significant changes in slope. Bathymetric variance proved to be a useful tool in previous efforts to map seafloor habitats by Dartnell and Gardner (2004). Their publication can be downloaded from www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_documentation.htm. Two separate sets of variance and rugosity layers were then created with the same pixel dimensions as the the Reson 8101 and Simrad em3002d backscatter datasets. The datasets were handled separately because the difference in sonar frequencies between the two backscatter prevents them from being directly comparable. They should not be merged into one backscatter layer prior to classification. The layers were then opened as ESRI GRIDS in the image processing software package ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images) Version 4.3. Two multi-band images were then created with the backscatter, small- and large-scale variance, and rugosity. A mask was also created in ENVI for each backscatter dataset. Image classification was performed separately on the two multi-band images using the K-Means unsupervised classification method, which calculates initial class means evenly distributed in the data space and then iteratively clusters the pixels into the nearest class using a minimum distance technique. More information about K-Means algorithm can be found in the ENVI documentation available at www.ittvis.com/envi/. The number of classes was set to two and all other options were set to default. Class color mapping was performed on the resulting classified images. The substrate types of hard and soft were assigned based on results from supervised classification of the backscatter data (also performed in ENVI) using hard and soft bottom classes from classified seafloor photographs. The photographs, classifications, and descriptions of the classification process are available for download at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc. Three resulting classified images, two for the Reson 8101 datasets and one for the Simrad em3002d dataset, were mosaicked in ArcMap using the Mosaic to New Raster in the ArcMap Version 9.3 Toolbox and exported from ArcGIS as a GeoTIFF file to create one image containing three classes; sand, hard bottom, and unclassified (background). 2009-02-20T00:00:00 otherRestrictions Metadata Access Constraints: None otherRestrictions Metadata Use Constraints: None annually This metadata was automatically generated from the FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata standard (version FGDC-STD-001-1998) using the 2016-01-11 version of the FGDC RSE to ISO 19115-2 transform. Translated from FGDC 2025-03-24T16:39:13.577Z Last Metadata Review Date: 2009-12-01 Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 808 725-5360 808 725-5429 NOAA IRC NMFS/PIFSC/CRED 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176 Honolulu HI 96818 nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov e-mail preferred pointOfContact