gov.noaa.ncdc:C01105 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact 2025-12-12T20:49:02 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Surface Weather Observations Monthly NERMS - Surface Weather Observation Forms (1001) Monthly Surface Weather Observation Forms (Images) 2011-03-15 publication 2013-05-02 revision NCEI DSI 3900_03 NCEI WebARTIS: SWO (subset) gov.noaa.ncdc:C01105 NERMS UUID: FA6EA4056910446989DAE8733811C607 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce publisher DOC/NOAA/NWS > National Weather Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce originator DOC/NOAA/NWS > National Weather Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce author DOD/USARMY > U.S. Army, U. S. Department of Defense originator DOD/USARMY > U.S. Army, U. S. Department of Defense author DOD/USNAVY > U.S. Navy, U.S. Department of Defense originator DOD/USNAVY > U.S. Navy, U.S. Department of Defense author DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce User Engagement and Services Branch +1 (828) 271-4800 +1 (828) 271-4876 151 Patton Avenue Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468 Asheville NC 28801-5001 USA ncei.orders@noaa.gov 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern publisher imageDigital imageHardcopy Surface Weather Observation 1001 Forms is a set of historical manuscript records for the period 1893-1948. The collection includes two very similar form types: Form 1001, in use by the US Weather Bureau, and Form 1, in use by the US Army and Navy. NCDC Climate Data Modernization Program (CDMP) scanned the vast majority of these forms in order to fill in the observation gap prior to the time when commercial aviation began in the U.S. Many forms contiaining observations taken on foreign soil have not yet been scanned. Observations were recorded two to four times daily beginning as early as 1893 at city Weather Bureau Offices. During the 1930s many of these city stations gradually moved to airport locations. Through 1936 observations were taken twice daily; then in 1937 the general practice was to record four observations per day. The data elements are as follows: station pressure, sea level pressure, dry and wet bulb temperature, dew point, maximum and minimum temperature, wind direction and speed, precipitation, cloud amount and type, ceiling, state of weather and visibility. It should be noted that not all elements are present for all stations in this dataset, and that ceiling and visibility observations did not begin at the city offices until the 1930's. Official surface weather observation standards can be found in the Circular N manuals. The vast majority of records are available online, but some records are still only available in the physical format only. In the late 1990s NCEI realized the need to host digital images of environmental records on the internet, and developed an internal-to-NOAA system for uploading and indexing millions of original source data images from the NCEI archives. The system also enables collection and management, and supports public access. For decades, NCEI has remained committed to making more of its original environmental records available digitally to users across the United States and around. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Customer Engagement Branch 1-828-271-4800 1-828-271-4876 151 Patton Avenue Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468 Asheville NC 28801-5001 USA ncei.orders@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov HTTPS Web Browser NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information. information 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern pointOfContact irregular https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/images/C01105.JPG Image example JPG Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Anticyclones/Cyclones Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Pressure Anomalies Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Sea Level Pressure Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Surface Pressure Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Solid Precipitation > Hail Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Anomalies Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Rate Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation > Rain Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Solid Precipitation > Ice Pellets > Sleet Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Solid Precipitation > Snow Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Temperature Anomalies Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Dew Point Temperature Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Maximum/Minimum Temperature Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Dew Point Temperature Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Frequency Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Types Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Atmospheric - Surface - Air Temperature Atmospheric - Surface - Precipitation Atmospheric - Surface - Pressure Atmospheric - Surface - Wind Speed And Direction Atmospheric - Upper-air - Cloud Properties theme Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) 2017 publication Release 2017 World Meteorological Organization, United Nations https://public.wmo.int/en/programmes/global-climate-observing-system/essential-climate-variables HTTP Information GCOS Essential Climate Variables Overview of the GCOS Essential Climate Variables. information custodian Continent > North America > United States Of America place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Vertical Location > Land Surface stratum Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Meteorological Stations platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Thermometers Anemometers Rain Gauges Barometers Visual Observations instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Controlled user access to the NERMS system otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Surface Weather Observation 1001 Forms (Keyed) DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce distributor https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ncdc:C00622/html HTTPS Web Browser Surface Weather Observation 1001 Forms (Keyed) Landing Page Some forms from this collection were keyed and added to the Surface Weather Observations 1001 Forms (Keyed) data collection. information crossReference collection textTable eng; USA climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere paper forms 1 -180 180 -90 90 ground condition 1893 1948 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. XML PDF https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ncdc:C01105/html HTTPS Landing Page NCEI Dataset Landing Page Landing page for the dataset. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/nerms/Home HTTPS Information NERMS Image Access System NERMS Information and Data Access Page download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/search/data-search/surface-weather-observation-forms-1001-publication HTTPS Data Search Application Dataset Search File search and access. search dataset The vast majority of these digital image records were created by scanning original records from the NCEI physical archives through the Climate Database Modernization Program (CDMP). These efforts produced over 50 million images from 2000-2011. Additional scanning activities at NCEI also contribute to the image repository. Partnerships with other NOAA line offices and international weather services have contributed to the broad and global nature of digitally imaged records available from the NCEI. Scan To digitize collection in order to make available online. NCDC Climate Data Modernization Program processor NOAA's Climate Database Modernization Program: Rescuing, Archiving, and Digitizing History 2007-07 publication Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Volume 88, Issue 7 doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-7-1015 American Meteorological Society publisher https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/419/ HTTPS Web Browser NOAA's Climate Database Modernization Program: Rescuing, Archiving, and Digitizing History Discusses NOAA's Climate Database Modernization Program. information repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details. TEMPERATURE SENSORS DRY BULB THERMOMETERS TEMPERATURE LOGGERS WET BULB THERMOMETERS BAROMETERS ALTIMETERS HYGROMETERS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS WIND VANES ANEMOMETERS RAIN GAUGES WEATHER STATIONS