gov.noaa.ncdc:C01085 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact 2025-12-12T20:29:37 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Pre-Weather Bureau Observation Networks NERMS - Pre-Weather Bureau NARA Collection NERMS - Forts 1932 publication NCEI DSI 3900_03 NCEI Physical Archive Collection: FORTS gov.noaa.ncdc:C01085 NERMS UUID: 3464BEFC2F8A4BB28F6AEBEC95FAD8E4 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce publisher U.S. Army Forts stations originator U.S. Army Forts stations author U.S. Army Signal Service Stations originator U.S. Army Signal Service Stations author Smithsonian Institution voluntary observer network originator Smithsonian Institution voluntary observer network author NARA > National Archives and Records Administration resourceProvider NARA > National Archives and Records Administration author imageHardcopy imageDigital The collection consists of monthly weather records from U.S. Army Forts stations (~1820-1871), U.S. Army Signal Service Stations (1871-1892), Smithsonian Institution voluntary observer network (1848-1875), and other stations which conducted weather observations in the 19th century. Observations were generally conducted three times daily, around 7am, 2pm and 9pm. The voluntary and Signal Service stations were transferred to the newly-created U.S. Weather Bureau in 1891. Many of the stations continue on past 1892 in the Cooperative Observations and Surface Weather Observations (1001) libraries. Some keyed data from this series resides in the NCDC digital archive, but the vast majority is held and accessed through the Midwest Regional Climate Center (MRCC), a key partner in digitzation of the records. The MRCC holds keyed data for over 400 stations. All data in this collection were provided to the archive by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The original forms were deteriorating in the National Archives and were converted to microfilm in the late 1930s as part of a Works Projects Administration program. A copy of the set was made for archival at NCDC, and the film was converted to TIFF format images around the year 2000 under the The Climate Database Modernization Program (CDMP). The physical collection spans from approximately 1804 until 1893, though some stations extend into the twentieth century. The digital collection includes any digitzed pre-1893 data received from NARA. This collection contains the earliest systematic weather observations in the United States, extending the period of record for many modern weather stations to the time before the formation of the US Weather Bureau in 1891. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Customer Engagement Branch 1-828-271-4800 1-828-271-4876 151 Patton Avenue Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468 Asheville NC 28801-5001 USA ncei.orders@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov HTTPS Web Browser NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information. information 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern pointOfContact irregular https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/images/C01085.JPG Sample Record JPEG Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount > 24 Hour Precipitation Amount Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation > Rain Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Solid Precipitation > Ice Pellets > Sleet Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Solid Precipitation > Snow Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Maximum/Minimum Temperature Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Temperature Anomalies Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Anomalies theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Atmospheric - Surface - Air Temperature Atmospheric - Surface - Precipitation Atmospheric - Surface - Air Pressure Atmospheric - Surface - Wind Speed And Direction Atmospheric - Upper-air - Cloud Properties theme Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) 2017 publication Release 2017 World Meteorological Organization, United Nations https://public.wmo.int/en/programmes/global-climate-observing-system/essential-climate-variables HTTP Information GCOS Essential Climate Variables Overview of the GCOS Essential Climate Variables. information custodian Continent > North America > United States Of America place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Vertical Location > Land Surface stratum Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Thermometers Wind Vanes Rain Gauges Barometers Visual Observations instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Meteorological Stations platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Point Resolution dataResolution Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Horizontal Data Resolution Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Point Resolution dataResolution Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Vertical Data Resolution Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Hourly - < Daily dataResolution Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Temporal Data Resolution Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Controlled user access to the NERMS system otherRestrictions Cite this dataset when used as a source. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. CDMP 19th Century Forts and Voluntary Observers Database Build Project Page IL/DNR/WS/MRCC > Midwestern Regional Climate Center, Water Survey, Dept. of Natural Resources, Illinois custodian http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/data_serv/cdmp/cdmp.jsp Web Browser CDMP 19th Century Forts and Voluntary Observers Database Build Project Page More information about data keyed from this collection can be found at the link. information crossReference collection eng; USA climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Paper forms captured digitally using various types of scanning equipment. All forms were scanned using a minimum of 300 dpi (standard archive quality). 1 172.0 -66.0 18.0 72.0 ground condition 1820 1892 **update alt title** *add digital representation info** **update file formats** **Add acquisition info** NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. XML PDF PAPER MICROFILM PAPER MICROFILM https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ncdc:C01085/html HTTPS Landing Page NCEI Dataset Landing Page Landing page for the dataset. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS Web Browser Contact NCEI Contact NCEI for more information and to request access to the archived data. Requests are subject to NCEI order fulfillment constraints. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/nerms/Home HTTPS Data Search Application NERMS Image Access System NERMS Information and Data Access Page order https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/search/data-search/forts-publication HTTPS Data Search Application Dataset Search File search and access. search dataset The original forms were deteriorating in the National Archives and were converted to microfilm in the late 1930s as part of a Works Projects Administration program. A copy of the set was made for archival at NCDC, and the film was converted to TIFF format images around the year 2000 under the The Climate Database Modernization Program (CDMP). Microfilm scanned as TIF To digitize collection in order to make available online. NCDC Climate Data Modernization Program processor NOAA's Climate Database Modernization Program: Rescuing, Archiving, and Digitizing History 2007-07 publication Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Volume 88, Issue 7 doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-7-1015 American Meteorological Society publisher https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/419/ HTTPS Web Browser NOAA's Climate Database Modernization Program: Rescuing, Archiving, and Digitizing History Discusses NOAA's Climate Database Modernization Program. information Paper forms were photographed and recorded on microfilm. Preserve the records by converting from deteriorating paper to microfilm. Works Projects Administration processor repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details. RAIN GAUGES THERMOMETERS BAROMETERS WIND VANES METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS