gov.noaa.ncdc:C01742 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-08-14 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) Uncrewed Surface Vehicle (USV) Missions PMEL TPOS USV 9999-12-31 publication 2025 creation doi:XXXX AWS Collection ID: PMEL_TPOS_USV gov.noaa.ncdc:C01742 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher Cronin, Meghan F. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) meghan.f.cronin@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Zhang, Dongxiao Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) dongxiao.zhang@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Cronin, Meghan F. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) meghan.f.cronin@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Zhang, Dongxiao Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) dongxiao.zhang@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research https://research.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Research (OAR) website Institution web page information author NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations https://www.omao.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO) website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains real-time underway near-surface oceanic and atmospheric observations collected by uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) equipped with a core suite of meteorological and oceanographic sensors. These data have undergone light quality control, including manual outlier removal, regridding to an even temporal grid, and post-mission metadata review. The USV missions are intended to enhance the capabilities of the Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) by providing high-temporal and spatial resolution air-sea interaction observations from Trade Wind region and the hurricane genesis region north of the Northern Hemisphere Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), to the Southern Hemisphere portion of the equatorial band. Research and operational targets for these missions included air-sea interactions associated with different regimes of the TPOS and with the fronts (and abrupt fronts) between these regimes, quantification of upper ocean vertical velocity in the equatorial cold tongue, resolving atmospheric cold pools associated with convective downdrafts, and observing air-sea carbon fluxes and their relation to the physical and biological fields. Mission goals also included assessments of interoperability of essential variables observed by satellites, research vessels, surface moorings and other platforms. While a subset of the data have been provided to operational centers for assimilation into Numerical Weather Prediction models and ocean products, these data are also intended to be used to assess the realism of ocean products and to resolve processes that may need to be parameterized in some of the models. These deployments are supported by various research and operational agencies, including the NOAA’s Office of Marine and Aviation Operations’s (OMAO) Uncrewed Systems Operations Center, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), the NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program, and academic and interagency partners. Each USV is typically equipped with a standard sensor suite measuring wind, temperature, humidity, pressure, solar radiation, sea surface temperature and salinity, and may include additional instruments such as Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs), pCO₂ systems, and radiation sensors, depending on mission objectives. Principal Investigators (PIs) and contributors vary by mission, and are included in the global metadata attributes of each file. Metadata documentation is included for each individual dataset and details the mission-specific objectives, instrumentation, and processing notes. Data are provided in NetCDF format following standard conventions. The USV missions are intended to enhance the capabilities of the Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) by providing high-temporal and spatial resolution air-sea interaction observations from Trade Wind region and the hurricane genesis region north of the Northern Hemisphere Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), to the Southern Hemisphere portion of the equatorial band. onGoing NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1 (828) 271-4800 +1 (828) 271-4328 151 Patton Avenue Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 447 Asheville NC 28801-5001 USA 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern pointOfContact monthly https://data.noaa.gov/docucomp/image/7b263fb0-819a-4804-a436-d77791b7f4c7 PMEL TPOS USV Tracks PNG DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 21 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian TPOS-USV project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > RELATIVE HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > U/V WIND COMPONENTS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND SPEED EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > IRRADIANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE PERIOD EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 21 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian AIR TEMPERATURE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE CHLOROPHYLL Concentration CONDUCTIVITY Downward Wind Velocity Upward Wind Velocity Heading Heading - Wing OXYGEN - PERCENT SATURATION Oxygen Concentration PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) Pitch RELATIVE HUMIDITY Roll SALINITY SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE Shortwave Diffuse Radiation Shortwave Total Radiation Skin Temperature Time WATER TEMPERATURE WIND GUST Wind Measurement Height Wind speed - east-west component (U) Wind speed - north-south component (V) Wing Angle theme Provider Keywords ANEMOMETERS > ANEMOMETERS BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS FLUOROMETERS > FLUOROMETERS GPSP > Global Positioning System Payload HUMIDITY SENSORS > HUMIDITY SENSORS OXYGEN METERS > OXYGEN METERS PAR SENSORS > Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensors RADIOMETERS THERMOMETERS > THERMOMETERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2025 revision 21 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian AT/RH CTD/ODO/Chl-A IMU IR Thermometer Inertial Navigation System Longwave radiometer Onboard Computer SW Shaded Radiometer Shortwave Radiometer instrument Provider Keywords Saildrone Uncrewed Vehicles platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2025 revision 21 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2025 revision 21 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Zhang, Dongxiao; Cronin, Meghan F.; NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (2026). Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) Uncrewed Surface Vehicle (USV) Missions. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.7289/XXXX [access date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license These data were produced by NOAA and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0). SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Zhang, D., Cronin, M., Meing, C., Farrar, J. T., Jenkins, R., Peacock, D., Keene, J., Sutton, A., & Yang, Q. (2019). Comparing Air-Sea Flux Measurements from a New Unmanned Surface Vehicle and Proven Platforms During the SPURS-2 Field Campaign. Oceanography, 32(2), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2019.220 2019-06-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2019.220 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2019.220 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2019.220 related journal article information Zhang, Dongxiao author Cronin, Meghan F. author Meing, Christian author Farrar, J. Thomas author Jenkins, Richard author Peacock, David author Keene, Jennifer author Sutton, Adrienne author Yang, Qiong author The Oceanography Society publisher documentDigital Oceanog 32(2) ISSN 1042-8275, pp. 122-133 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -170.80 -97.66 -8.88 37.67 2017-09-02T00:00:00Z 2025-02-04T23:59:00Z NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. NetCDF 4 The NetCDF data files comply with the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions and the NetCDF Attribute Convention for Dataset Discovery (ACDD). https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ncdc:C01742/html HTTPS Landing Page NCEI Dataset Landing Page Landing page for the dataset. information https://archive.data.noaa.gov/ocean#PMEL/TPOS/USV/PMEL_TPOS_USV/access/ HTTPS NCEI Object Store Explorer Explore and access files in the S3 bucket. download https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ocs/tpos-usv HTTPS Information NOAA PMEL/OCS/TPOS Information Page Description of the TPOS Uncrewed Surface Vehicles information dataset Parameter or Variable: LATITUDE (measured); Units: degrees N; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: GPS Parameter or Variable: LONGITUDE (measured); Units: degrees E; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: GPS Parameter or Variable: Time (measured); Units: secon; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: clock; Sampling and Analyzing Method: seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z Parameter or Variable: WIND DIRECTION (measured); Units: degree; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: anemometer Parameter or Variable: WIND SPEED (measured); Units: meters per second; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: anemometer Parameter or Variable: SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SD (calculated); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of measured sea water temperature Parameter or Variable: Chlorophyll concentration - MEAN (calculated); Units: microgram/liter; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of mass concentration of chlorophyll in sea water Parameter or Variable: RELATIVE HUMIDITY - MEAN (calculated); Units: percent; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: AT/RH; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of relative humidity observations Parameter or Variable: Oxygen Concentration - SD (calculated); Units: micromole/liter; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of mole concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen in sea water observations Parameter or Variable: BAROMETRIC PRESSURE - MEAN (calculated); Units: hPa; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: barometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of air pressure observations Parameter or Variable: Wind speed - east-west component (U) - MEAN (calculated); Units: meters per second; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed eastward wind speed Parameter or Variable: SALINITY - MEAN (calculated); Units: PSS-78; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed practical salinity Parameter or Variable: SALINITY - SD (calculated); Units: PSS-78; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed practical salinity Parameter or Variable: AIR TEMPERATURE - MEAN (calculated); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: AT/RH; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of air temperature observations Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL Concentration - SD (calculated); Units: microgram/liter; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed mass concentration of chlorophyll in sea water Parameter or Variable: OXYGEN - PERCENT SATURATION - MEAN (calculated); Units: percent; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed fractional saturation of oxygen in sea water Parameter or Variable: Shortwave Diffuse Radiation - SD (calculated); Units: W m-2; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: SW Shaded Radiometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed shortwave diffuse radiation Parameter or Variable: Shortwave Total Radiation - SD (calculated); Units: W m-2; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: SW Shaded Radiometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed short wave total radiation Parameter or Variable: CONDUCTIVITY - Mean (calculated); Units: milliS cm-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed seawater conductivity Parameter or Variable: Skin Temperature - MEAN (calculated); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: IR Thermometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed sea surface skin temperature Parameter or Variable: OXYGEN - PERCENT SATURATION - SD (calculated); Units: percent; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed fractional saturation of oxygen in sea water Parameter or Variable: Oxygen Concentration - MEAN (calculated); Units: micromole/liter; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed mole concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen in sea water Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE - MEAN (calculated); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed sea water temperature Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE - SD (calculated); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of sea water temperature measured by CTD Parameter or Variable: AIR TEMPERATURE - SD (calculated); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: AT/RH; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of air temperature observations Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE - MEAN (calculated); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of sea water temperature measurements by CTD/ODO/Chl-A Parameter or Variable: CONDUCTIVITY -SD (calculated); Units: milliS cm-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: CTD/ODO/Chl-A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed sea water electrical conductivity Parameter or Variable: Pitch (measured); Units: degree; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: platform pitch angle Parameter or Variable: Wing Angle (measured); Units: degree; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Onboard Computer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Angle of saildrone wing Parameter or Variable: Skin Temperature - SD (calculated); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: IR Thermometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed sea surface skin temperature Parameter or Variable: Shortwave Total Radiation - MEAN (calculated); Units: W m-2; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: Shortwave Shaded Radiometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed surface downwelling of shortwave flux in air Parameter or Variable: Wind speed - north-south component (V) - SD (calculated); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed northward wind speeds Parameter or Variable: RELATIVE HUMIDITY - SD (calculated); Units: percent; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: AT/RH; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed relative humidity Parameter or Variable: WIND GUST - SD (calculated); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of measured wind gusts Parameter or Variable: Shortwave Diffuse Radiation - MEAN (calculated); Units: W m-2; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: SW Shaded Radiometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed shortwave diffuse downwelling flux in air Parameter or Variable: WIND GUST - MEAN (calculated); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed wind speed gusts Parameter or Variable: BAROMETRIC PRESSURE - SD (calculated); Units: hPa; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: barometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed barometric air pressure Parameter or Variable: Wind speed - north-south component (V) - MEAN (calculated); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed northward wind speed Parameter or Variable: Wind speed - east-west component (U) - SD (calculated); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed eastward wind speed Parameter or Variable: speed over ground (measured); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Platform speed over ground Parameter or Variable: Roll (measured); Units: degree; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Inertial Navigation System; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Platform roll Parameter or Variable: Heading (measured); Units: degrees T; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Inertial Navigation System; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Platform heading or yaw angle Parameter or Variable: course over ground (measured); Units: degrees T; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Inertial Navigation System; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Platform course over ground Parameter or Variable: Heading - Wing (measured); Units: degrees T; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Inertial Navigation System; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Heading of platform's wing or "sail" Parameter or Variable: Downward Wind Velocity - MEAN (calculated); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed downward wind velocity Parameter or Variable: Downward Wind Velocity - SD (calculated); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of measured downward wind velocities Parameter or Variable: Distance 1068_1069 (measured); Units: km; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Distance between Saildrone 1068 and Saildrone 1069 Parameter or Variable: Distance 1067_1069 (measured); Units: km; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Distance between Saildrone 1067 and Saildrone 1069 Parameter or Variable: Distance 1066_1069 (measured); Units: km; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Distance between Saildrone 1066 and Saildrone 1069 Parameter or Variable: Distance 1067_1068 (measured); Units: km; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Distance between Saildrone 1067 and Saildrone 1068 Parameter or Variable: Distance 1066_1068 (measured); Units: km; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Distance between Saildrone 1066 and Saildrone 1068 Parameter or Variable: PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) - MEAN (calculated); Units: micromol s-1 m-2; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: PAR Sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed surface downwelling photosynthetic photon flux in air Parameter or Variable: PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) - SD (calculated); Units: micromol s-1 m-2; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: PAR Sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed surface downwelling photosynthetic photon flux in air Parameter or Variable: Longwave downwelling radiation - SD (calculated); Units: W m-1; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: longwave radiometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed longwave downwelling radiation Parameter or Variable: Longwave downwelling radation - MEAN (calculated); Units: W m-2; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: Longwave radiometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed longwave downwelling radiation Parameter or Variable: Distance 1066_1067 (measured); Units: km; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Distance between Saildrone 1066 and Saildrone 1068 Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL Concentration - SD (calculated); Units: microgram/liter; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: fluorometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of observed mass concentration of chlorophyll in sea water Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL Concentration - MEAN (Calculated) (measured); Units: microgram/liter; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: fluorometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of observed mass concentration of chlorophyll in sea water Parameter or Variable: Wind Measurement Height - MEAN (calculated); Units: meter; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mean of Height of anemometer during wind measurements Parameter or Variable: Wind Measurement Height - SD (Calculated) (calculated); Units: meter; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: anemometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Standard deviation of Height of anemometer during wind measurements Parameter or Variable: WAVE PERIOD - DOMINANT (measured); Units: second; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Imu measurements of dominant wave period Parameter or Variable: WAVE HEIGHT - SIGNIFICANT (measured); Units: meter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: IMU; Sampling and Analyzing Method: IMU measured significant wave height asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian anemometer anemometer measures wind speed An anemometer is an instrument that measures wind speed. Note that an aerovane (insttypes_id 175) is an anemometer which has a tail and a propeller to measure the speed and direction of the wind. barometer barometer Barometers are instruments for measuring atmospheric pressure; two types include mercury barometers and aneroid barometers. clock clock An instrument for measuring time. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe fluorometer fluorometer fluorometer GPSP GPSP Global Positioning System space Payload The GPSP uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine the satellite's position by triangulation, in the same way that GPS fixes are obtained on Earth. At least three GPS satellites determine a mobile object's (in this case the satellite's) exact position at a given instant. Positional data are then integrated into an orbit determination model to track the satellite's trajectory continuously. Jason-2 is a French-U.S. satellite launched in 2008 designed to measure rising sea levels and track the effects of climate change. Jason-2 data are being archived by the NODC as part of the Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS). humidity sensor humidity sensor HUMIDITY SENSORS are devices that receive a signal or stimulus (as heat or pressure or light or motion etc.) and responds to it, in this case humidity or some measure of the water vapor content of air. oxygen sensor oxygen sensor Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound. PAR Sensor PAR Sensor Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor The PAR sensor measures global solar radiation from 400 to 700 nm, which approximates the spectral band active in photosynthesis. The response of the instrument falls sharply to zero on either side of this band, and between 400 and 670 nm it increases monotonically from about 50% to 100%. There is no protective glass dome over the receiving surface. Irradiance from the sun passes through a small white visible bandpass filter/diffuser in the shape of a horizontal disk at the top of the instrument. Within the instrument radiation is directed through a series of colored glass filters and onto a silicon photodiode detector. The factory-supplied calibration converts the signal from the detector to a flux of photons in micro-mole (of photons) s-1 m-2. (One micro-mole equals 6.022 E17 photons.) For the solar spectrum, these units may be converted to watts per square meter by dividing by 4.6. (http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/instrument/par.htm) radiometer radiometer radiometer thermometer thermometer generic thermometer or reversing thermometer use thermometer when temperature is a data type, but the exact instrument used to measure temperature is unknown