gov.noaa.ncdc:C01685 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact 2023-06-23 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Tropical Cyclone PRecipitation, Infrared, Microwave, and Environmental Dataset (TC PRIMED) TC PRIMED 2023-04-17 publication 1.0 https://doi.org/10.25921/dmy1-0595 NCEI DSI: 2070_01 gov.noaa.ncdc:C01685 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher Razin, Muhammad Naufal Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University author Slocum, Christopher J. NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research Physical Scientist author Knaff, John A. NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research author Brown, Paula J. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University author The central components of this dataset are satellite passive microwave observations centered on tropical cyclones from imagers such as AMSR2, AMSR-E, AMSU-B, ATMS, GMI, MHS, SSM/I, SSMIS, and TMI. These observations include 1) multi-channel microwave brightness temperatures inter-calibrated across all the available imagers using GMI and 2) outputs from NASA's Goddard Profiling Algorithm such as retrieved surface precipitation rate, convective precipitation rate, vertical profiles of rain water and snow water content, and vertically-integrated ice water content. When available, infrared brightness temperatures closest to, but within 3 hours of, the overpass time will be included. In addition, precipitation radar fields such as vertical profiles of reflectivity, surface precipitation rate, and precipitation type will be included along with GMI and TMI observations, when available. Only satellite overpasses with at least 50% coverage within 750 km radius of the storm from 3 hours prior to the storm's formation to 3 hours after the storm's decay are included in this dataset. Parallel to the satellite passive microwave observations, 1) tropical cyclone best-track information, 2) ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis fields within 20 degree latitude and longitude of the storm center, and 3) derived environmental diagnostics at each synoptic time are also available for each storm. At a lower level, this dataset can be utilized by anyone who is interested to make a customized plot of the convective evolution of a tropical cyclone, using microwave and/or infrared brightness temperatures, to supplement their observational research. At a higher level, this dataset can be used to better understand the relationships between tropical cyclone deep convection and precipitation, intensity, and environment by combining the various components provided. The size of the dataset, which extends all the way back to 1998, allows for comprehensive and statistically robust analyses. This dataset provides users with the available satellite and environmental products associated with a tropical cyclone without users having to manually retrieve them from various repositories. The dataset also provides consistent labels during the period of record that will assist in training new artificial intelligence algorithms. onGoing NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Customer Engagement Branch 1-828-271-4800 1-828-271-4876 151 Patton Avenue Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468 Asheville NC 28801-5001 USA ncei.orders@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov HTTPS Web Browser NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information. information 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern pointOfContact monthly https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/images/C01685.png A sampling of TC PRIMED products from Typhoon Maria (2018) at 10:13 UTC on 9 July 2018 in the western Pacific, where a) is GPROF, b) is GPM DPR precipitation rate, c) GPM DPR reflectivity, d) 36.6 GHz, e) 89 GHZ, and IR from Himawari-8. PNG Earth Science Services > Data Management/Data Handling > Subsetting/Supersetting Earth Science Services > Models > Earth Science Reanalyses/Assimilation Models Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation Earth Science > Spectral/Engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature Earth Science > Spectral/Engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Tropical Cyclones theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Atmospheric - Surface - Precipitation theme Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) 2017 publication Release 2017 World Meteorological Organization, United Nations https://public.wmo.int/en/programmes/global-climate-observing-system/essential-climate-variables HTTP Information GCOS Essential Climate Variables Overview of the GCOS Essential Climate Variables. information custodian Geographic Region > Global Geographic Region > Tropics place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Vertical Location > Troposphere Vertical Location > Sea Surface stratum Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher GPM > Global Precipitation Measurement project Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher AMSR-E > Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS AMSR2 > Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 AMSU-B > Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B ATMS > Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder GMI > Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager DPR > Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar MHS > Microwave Humidity Sounder SSM/I > Special Sensor Microwave/Imager SSMIS > Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder TMI > TRMM Microwave Imager PR > TRMM Precipitation Radar instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher GCOM-W1 > Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water AQUA > Earth Observing System, AQUA NOAA-15 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-15 NOAA-16 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-16 NOAA-17 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-17 SUOMI-NPP > Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership GPM > Global Precipitation Measurement NOAA-18 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-18 NOAA-19 > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-19 METOP-A > Meteorological Operational Satellite - A METOP-B DMSP 5D-2/F8 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F8 DMSP 5D-2/F10 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F10 DMSP 5D-2/F11 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F11 DMSP 5D-2/F13 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F13 DMSP 5D-2/F14 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F14 DMSP 5D-2/F15 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F15 DMSP 5D-3/F16 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F16 DMSP 5D-3/F17 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F17 DMSP 5D-3/F18 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F18 DMSP 5D-3/F19 > Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F19 TRMM > Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher 500 km - < 1000 km or approximately 5 degrees - < 10 degrees > 1000 km or > 10 degrees dataResolution Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Horizontal Data Resolution Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher 100 meters - < 1 km > 1 km dataResolution Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Vertical Data Resolution Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher NASA COLOSTATE/ATMOS > Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University DOC/NOAA > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration ECMWF > European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher ERA5 NOAA-20 theme Keyword Thesaurus Title The time of satellite passive microwave observations is irregular because it is dependent on fortuitous satellite overpass of a translating tropical cyclone. NASA GPROF precipitation retrieval not based solely on a database of tropical cyclones. Availability of infrared imagery is more scarce earlier in the dataset period and also dependent on the location of the observed tropical cyclone. The resolution of the ERA5 dataset limits the scales at which the model data can be used to interpret processes that control the evolution of tropical cyclones and their associated convection. otherRestrictions Cite as: Cite as: Razin, Muhammad Naufal; Slocum, Christopher J.; Knaff, John A.; Brown, Paula J. 2023. Tropical Cyclone PRecipitation, Infrared, Microwave, and Environmental Dataset (TC PRIMED). 1.0. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/dmy1-0595. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. 5000 eng; USA climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Process Step 1, pulling sun-synchronous satellite data - CentOS release 6.10 (Final) IDL Version 8.4 (linux x86_64 m64). (c) 2014 Process Step 2, pulling infrared data - Process Step 3, quality control - macOS High Sierra (version 10.13.6), Julia 1.0.1, GeographicLib 1.49 (released 2017-10-05) Process Step 4, compiling satellite data - macOS High Sierra (version 10.13.6), Julia 1.0.1, GeographicLib 1.49 (released 2017-10-05) Process Step 5, generating environmental file - CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804, Python 3.6.5 via Anaconda Python Distribution, Fortran 2008 compiled via GCC v8.2.0, netCDF via Python NetCDF4 v1.4.0 1 -180.0 180.0 -90.0 90.0 ground condition 1997-12 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. NetCDF-4 4 JSON PDF TXT https://doi.org/10.25921/dmy1-0595 HTTPS Landing Page NCEI Dataset Landing Page Landing page for the dataset. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/tropical-cyclone-precipitation-infrared-microwave-environmental-dataset/access/ HTTPS Download Direct Download (Dataset Files) Direct download for the dataset. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/catalog/satellite/tc-primed/catalog.html HTTPS THREDDS THREDDS THREDDS Data Server (TDS) for the dataset. download dataset Members of the team have been working with satellite-based passive microwave and precipitation radar data for many years. They have a comprehensive understanding of all the data obtained from NASA's Precipitation Processing System. IR imagery of tropical cyclones were gathered from CIRA and NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch, which have been collecting, analyzing, and training on the use of IR imagery of tropical cyclones since 1980. The reanalysis product (ERA5) used to generate the environmental parameters is well documented and the information is readily accessible. The team associated with creating the dataset is intimately knowledgeable about the steps used to post-process the reanalysis product to create the environmental parameters. GPM mission constellation satellite files were selected if the satellite swath was within 750 km and +/- 3 hours from a tropical cyclone best-track position. The storm's center position was then linearly-interpolated from the best-track positions to the time of the closest pixel scan. The satellite's coverage within 750 km of this interpolated center was calculated, and the files associated with a swath fractional coverage of over 50% were downloaded. A similar method was applied to the precipitation radar scans for the TRMM and GPM satellites. Overpass and storm information were then stored in a text file. To download sun-synchronous satellite overpasses that specifically observed tropical cyclones and provide overpass and storm information for the next steps COLOSTATE/ATMOS > Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University processor Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document GPROF2017 Version 1 2017-06 publication Version 1 NASA originator https://gpm.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/document_files/ATBD_GPM_GPROF_June1_2017.pdf HTTPS Web Browser Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document GPROF2017 Version 1 Details the physical theory of the algorithms associated with the passive microwave sensors, including their implementation, assumptions, and limitations. information See Algorithm Citation Intercalibration of the GPM Microwave Radiometer Constellation 2016-12 publication Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, volume 33 doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0100.1 American Meteorological Society publisher https://journals.ametsoc.org/jtech/article/33/12/2639/342404/Intercalibration-of-the-GPM-Microwave-Radiometer HTTPS Web Browser Intercalibration of the GPM Microwave Radiometer Constellation Procedures applied to inter-calibrate GPM constellation passive microwave sensors to the GPM Core Observatory calibration reference. information See Algorithm Citation The Evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm to a Fully Parametric Scheme 2015-12 publication Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, volume 32 doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0039.1 American Meteorological Society publisher https://journals.ametsoc.org/jtech/article/32/12/2265/4695/The-Evolution-of-the-Goddard-Profiling-Algorithm HTTPS Web Browser The Evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm to a Fully Parametric Scheme Details the application of the algorithm to different sensors and the associated uncertainties and biases. information See Algorithm Citation Using the overpass and storm information from Step 1, an attempt was made to match nearly-coincident infrared imagery (at around 11 microns) to the overpass time. IR data came from two sources, the RAMMB/CIRA IR image archive, which is based on operational geostationary satellites available at the time the tropical cyclone existed, and the HURSAT-1B, which uses the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project B1 data. Both datasets contain re-maped (Mercator) imagery. The former has 4-km and at least hourly resolutions and the latter 8-km and 3-hourly resolutions. Preference is given to the RAMMB/CIRA archive and if the IR data does not exist, then there would be no coincident IR imagery for that overpass. To obtain nearly-coincident IR imagery for the satellite overpass if they exist from the existing archives of IR tropical cyclone imagery NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research processor New global tropical cyclone data from ISCCP B1 geostationary satellite observations 2007-02 publication Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, volume 1 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2712816 https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Journal-of-Applied-Remote-Sensing/volume-1/issue-1/013505/New-global-tropical-cyclone-data-set-from-ISCCP-B1-geostationary/10.1117/1.2712816.short HTTPS Web Browser New global tropical cyclone data from ISCCP B1 geostationary satellite observations Description of the HURSAT-1B data information See Algorithm Citation The downloaded sun-synchronous and IR files were checked for bad or corrupted data. Corrupted data can happen if there was an outage in one of the microwave channels or precipitation radar scans. Bad data is when a satellite scan has irregularly-spaced fill values in the latitude and longitude arrays, which is the result of NASA's QC algorithm for when then exact pixel location could not be determined. These bad and corrupted data files, which make up an extremely small percentage of the input dataset, are excluded from being compiled. The filename, storm center position, and fractional coverage of the good input dataset were then recorded in a text file for user reference and inclusion into the ERA5 files for consistency. To search for and exclude bad and corrupted files from being compiled. To generate a text file of basic overpass information of the good input files. COLOSTATE/ATMOS > Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University processor Julia 1.0.1, GeographicLib 1.49 (released 2017-10-05) All of the chosen variables from the sun-synchronous satellite overpass of a tropical cyclone was compiled with its nearly-coincident infrared imagery (when available). The sun-synchronous satellite scans were constrained to scans that contained at least one pixel within 750 km distance from the storm center. To compile all available satellite data from an overpass into one consistent netCDF file for each overpass. COLOSTATE/ATMOS > Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University processor Julia 1.0.1, GeographicLib 1.49 (released 2017-10-05) 1) Collect relevant data for creating environmental information: a) Get ATCF best-track database files for the period of the entire microwave dataset b) Request and pull single and pressure-level ERA5 grib/grib2 files from the Copernicus Climate Data Store at 6-hour intervals (0, 6, 12, 18 UTC) c) Get list of satellite overpass files 2) Collocate data by storm 3) Extract subset domain of the ERA5 data centered on the location of a tropical cyclone 4) Calculate environmental statistics a) Take subset and convert from rectilinear and cylindrical grid with a 5 km radial by 5 degree azimuthal resolution b) Calculate the area-weighted average based on the annulus defined by the parameter 5) Save data to a CF compliant netCDF file a) rectilinear grid in a 20 x 20 degree domain b) environmental statistics c) storm metadata d) overpass information ERA5 is a large dataset that can be cumbersome to use by itself without collocation and subsetting with ATCF data. By providing this step as part of the overall dataset, the work needed to be done to ask science questions related to tropical cyclones, their satellite presentation, and storm environment is accelerated and the information is provided in a consistent format for the entire period of the dataset. The types of environmental metrics and the radii used for averaging is based on the parameters as they are defined for operational use by the statistical-dynamical intensity guidance (e.g., the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction System) used by NHC, CPHC, and JTWC. NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research processor A Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) for the Atlantic Basin 1994-06 publication Weather and Forecasting, volume 9 doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0209:ASHIPS>2.0.CO;2 American Meteorological Society publisher https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0434%281994%29009%3C0209%3AASHIPS%3E2.0.CO%3B2 HTTPS Web Browser A Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) for the Atlantic Basin Contains information about the manner in which environmental parameters are calculated around tropical cyclones information ERA5 reanalysis is in production 2016-04 publication ECMWF Newsletter No. 147 ECMWF > European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts originator https://www.ecmwf.int/en/newsletter/147/news/era5-reanalysis-production HTTPS Web Browser ERA5 reanalysis is in production Contains information about the ERA5 dataset and how the dataset is created information See Algorithm Citation Inter-calibrated brightness temperatures (Level 1C) dataset, precipitation radar for TRMM and GPM (Level 2A) dataset, and precipitation and hydrometeor profile (Level 2A) dataset NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement products 2A-GPROF: V05A, 1C XCAL: V05A, 2A-DPR/2A-PR: V06A NASA originator https://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/ HTTPS Web Browser NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement products information 1 -180 180 -90 90 1997-12 RAMMB/CIRA TC IR image archive, described in Knaff et al. (2014) DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-00096.1, and has been annually updated through 2019 RAMMB/CIRA TC IR image archive 2019 NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch custodian 1 -180 180 -70 70 1997 Tropical cyclone infrared imagery from HURSAT-1B HURSAT-1B Version 6 NOAA National Center of Environmental Information custodian https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/hursat/index.php?name=summary HTTPS Web Browser HURSAT-1B Details information on the HURSAT-1B data information 1 -180 180 -70 70 1979 2015 The fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) is used to provide environmental data. Only 6-hour temporal resolution output is used in this work. The fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis single- and pressure-level datasets (ERA5) 5.0 ECMWF > European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts originator https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels?tab=overview HTTPS Web Browser The fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis single- and pressure-level datasets (ERA5) Web page to download ERA5 data on different pressure levels. Single-level data can be downloaded from: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview information 1 -180 180 -90 90 1997 repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 unknown Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.