gov.noaa.ncdc:C01606 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact 2026-04-13T15:46:05 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA 0.25-degree Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST), Version 2.1 Sea Surface Temperature - Optimum Interpolation 2020-03-20 publication Version 2.1 doi:10.25921/RE9P-PT57 NCEI DSI 3650_02 gov.noaa.ncdc:C01606 Huang, Boyin author Huang, Boyin principalInvestigator Liu, Chunying author Liu, Chunying contributor Banzon, Viva F. author Banzon, Viva F. contributor Freeman, Eric author Freeman, Eric contributor Graham, Garrett author Graham, Garrett contributor Hankins, William author Hankins, William contributor Smith, Thomas M. author Smith, Thomas M. principalInvestigator Zhang, Huai-Min author Zhang, Huai-Min contributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher imageDigital This high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis product was developed using an optimum interpolation (OI) technique. The OISST analysis has a spatial grid resolution of 0.25 degree and temporal resolution of 1 day, spanning from September 1981 to present. The analysis was constructed by combining observations from different platforms on a regular global grid, including Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data, ships, buoys and Argo floats. A spatially complete SST map was produced by interpolating to fill in spatial gaps. The methodology includes bias adjustment of satellite and ship observations (referenced to buoys) to compensate for platform differences and sensor biases. This proved critical during the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991, when the widespread presence of volcanic aerosols resulted in infrared satellite temperatures that were much cooler than actual ocean temperatures, and other degradation of satellite observations. Released in March 2020, Version 2.1 supersedes the previous Version 2. For the January 2016 to present time period, changes include: 1) In-Situ ship and buoy data changed from the NCEP Traditional Alphanumeric Codes (TAC) to the NCEI merged TAC + Binary Universal Form for the Representation (BUFR) data; 2) Addition of Argo float observed SST data; 3) Satellite input changed from METOP-A and NOAA-19 to METOP-A and METOP-B; 4) Revised ship-buoy SST corrections and revised sea-ice-concentration to SST conversion. The data before January 1, 2016 remain the same as Version 2.0. Preliminary product files are produced daily in near real-time (1-day latency) and can be updated in the first few days if critical input data become available after the initial production time. After two weeks, a complete or final product is generated and archived with no additional changes expected. The product is available in netCDF-4 with metadata attributes. The NOAA Daily 0.25 degree Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) provides complete ocean temperature fields constructed by combining bias-adjusted observations from different platforms (satellite, ships, buoys) on a regular global grid, with gaps filled in by interpolation. Applications include climate and oceanographic research, marine environmental and coastal applications including marine ecosystems and fisheries. DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Engagement Branch +1 (828) 271-4800 +1 (828) 271-4876 151 Patton Avenue Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468 Asheville NC 28801-5001 USA oisst_contacts@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov HTTPS Web Browser NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information. information 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern pointOfContact DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce OISST Product Team oisst-help@noaa.gov pointOfContact daily https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/images/C01606.jpg Sea Surface Temperature image JPEG Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Atmospheric/Ocean Indicators > Sea Surface Temperature theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Oceanic - Surface - Sea-surface Temperature theme Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) 2017 publication Release 2017 World Meteorological Organization, United Nations https://public.wmo.int/en/programmes/global-climate-observing-system/essential-climate-variables HTTP Information GCOS Essential Climate Variables Overview of the GCOS Essential Climate Variables. information custodian Geographic Region > Global Ocean place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Vertical Location > Sea Surface stratum Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher AVHRR > Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2018 revision Version 8.6 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords HTTPS Web Browser Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher otherRestrictions Cite as: Huang, Boyin; Liu, Chunying; Banzon, Viva F.; Freeman, Eric; Graham, Garrett; Hankins, William; Smith, Thomas M.; Zhang, Huai-Min. (2020): NOAA 0.25-degree Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST), Version 2.1. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/RE9P-PT57. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions See the Use Agreement for this CDR available on the CDR page. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Improved Estimation of Proxy Sea Surface Temperature in the Arctic 2020 publication American Meteorological Society publisher Banzon, Viva F. author Smith, Thomas M. author Steele, Michael author Huang, Boyin author Zhang, Huai-Min author https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-19-0177.1 HTTPS Web Browser Journal article published February 2020 in J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. Banzon, V., T.M. Smith, M. Steele, B. Huang, and H. Zhang, 2020: Improved Estimation of Proxy Sea Surface Temperature in the Arctic. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 37, 341–349, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-19-0177.1 information crossReference sciencePaper GHRSST Level 4 AVHRR_OI Global Blended Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2) from NCEI (GDS versions 1 and 2) 2010-11-10 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce publisher https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.nodc:GHRSST-AVHRR_OI-NCEI-L4-GLOB/html HTTPS Web Browser NCEI landing page for the GHRSST product Related dataset landing page. information crossReference project eng; USA climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -180.0 180.0 -90.0 90.0 1981-09-01 1 oisst-avhrr-v02r01.YYYYMMDD.nc physicalMeasurement time float Center time of the day zlev float Sea surface height lat float Latitude lon float Longitude sst short Daily sea surface temperature anom short Daily sea surface temperature anomalies err short Estimated error standard deviation of analysed_sst ice short Sea ice concentration NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. NetCDF 4 https://doi.org/10.25921/RE9P-PT57 HTTPS Landing Page NCEI Dataset Landing Page Landing page for the dataset. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/climate-data-records/sea-surface-temperature-optimum-interpolation HTTPS Information NCEI CDR Information Page CDR overview and documentation. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/optimum-interpolation-sst HTTPS Information NCEI Product Information Page Description of the data and related resources. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/sea-surface-temperature-optimum-interpolation/v2.1/access/avhrr/ HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download (Dataset Files) Direct download for the dataset. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/thredds/catalog/blended-global/oisst-catalog.html HTTPS THREDDS NCEI THREDDS THREDDS Data Server (TDS) for the dataset. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/erddap/search/index.html?page=1&itemsPerPage=1000&searchFor=OISST HTTPS ERDDAP NCEI ERDDAP ERDDAP Data Service for the dataset. download https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-cdr-oceanic/ HTTPS Information Registry of Open Data on AWS Information on AWS data access. information Region: us-east-1 https://noaa-cdr-sea-surface-temp-optimum-interpolation-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html HTTPS Download AWS S3 Explorer (Region: us-east-1) Browse view to explore the S3 bucket. download Region: us-east https://microsoft.github.io/AIforEarthDataSets/data/noaa-cdr.html HTTPS Information Azure Landing Page (Region: us-east) Information on Microsoft Azure data access. information Region: US-central-1 https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NOAA_CDR_OISST_V2_1 HTTPS Information Google Earth Engine Page (Region: US-central-1) Information on Google Earth Engine data access. information dataset This dataset was produced by and is archived at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Data from in-situ observations (ships, buoys and Argo floats) and satellite AVHRSS observations are quality controlled, bias corrected, and then blended together on global 0.25 x 0.25 degree global grid using Optimum Interpolation. DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce processor OISST v2.1 CDR Source Code 2020 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Climate Data Record Program Office +1 (828) 271-4800 +1 (828) 271-4328 151 Patton Avenue Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 447 Asheville NC 28801-5001 USA cdr_program.ncdc@noaa.gov 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern publisher https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/sds/cdr/CDRs/Sea_Surface_Temperature_Optimum_Interpolation/SourceCode_01B-09.tar.gz HTTPS Web Browser CDR Source Code This source code is for reference only. The source code is provided to maintain transparency of the algorithm and processes used in creating the Climate Data Record (CDR). The source code is not intended to be portable to any computer system(s) beyond that of the original CDR producer's environment. download CDR Data Flow Diagram 2020 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Climate Data Record Program Office +1 (828) 271-4800 +1 (828) 271-4328 151 Patton Avenue Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 447 Asheville NC 28801-5001 USA cdr_program.ncdc@noaa.gov 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern publisher https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/sds/cdr/CDRs/Sea_Surface_Temperature_Optimum_Interpolation/DataFlowDiagram_01B-09.pdf HTTPS Web Browser CDR Data Flow Diagram Flowcharts for the CDR product. information CDR Climate Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document 2020 publication publisher https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/sds/cdr/CDRs/Sea_Surface_Temperature_Optimum_Interpolation/AlgorithmDescription_01B-09.pdf HTTPS Web Browser Climate Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document ATBD for the CDR product. information Navy AVHRR Multi-Channel SST (MCSST) 2007-01-01 NOAA AVHRR Pathfinder SST (PFSST) 1981-08-24 2006-12-31 Argo float observed SST data 2016-01-01 International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS), Version 2.4 1981-09-01 2006-12-31 International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS), Version 3.0.2 2016-01-01 Global Telecommunications System (GTS) SST observations from ships and buoys (moored and drifting) 2007-01-01 2015-12-31 NASA GSFC Sea Ice Concentration 1981-09-01 2004-12-31 NOAA NCEP 1/2 Degree Grid Sea Ice Concentration 2005-01-01 Land/Sea Mask repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-07-07. See version control repository history for metadata change details.