gov.noaa.nodc:0276699 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-04-24T13:16:46Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) A compiled data product of underway pCO2 measurements from 77 individual cruise datasets collected from NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana in the Equatorial Pacific from 1996 through 2010 (NCEI Accession 0276699) 2023-02-15 publication 2023-02-14 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/xdzv-th29 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0276699 NCEI Archive Management System 0276699 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Catherine E. Cosca NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Cathy.Cosca@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Richard Feely NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Catherine Cosca NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Cathy.Cosca@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Simone R. Alin NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) simone.r.alin@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Alex Kozyr Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Cosca, Catherine E. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Alin, Simone R. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Kozyr, Alex Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital As part of a multi-year effort to quantify the flux of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere, the Ocean Climate Observation Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) supports the deployment of underway CO2 systems on NOAA research ships and volunteer observing ships (VOS) in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The CO2 group of NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) has been monitoring sea surface CO2 concentrations in the equatorial Pacific since 1982. This is a particularly dynamic area exhibiting significant variation of CO2 concentrations, both interannually due to the effect of periodic El Niño events, and seasonally due to the changes in wind strength and upwelling patterns. By measuring the pCO2 in both the sea surface and atmosphere, along with sea surface temperature, pressure, and wind speed, the flux of CO2 can be calculated, affording a broader understanding of key processes and changes in these processes in the ocean on decadal time scales. A strong upwelled-driven inverse pCO2-SST relationship exists across the equatorial Pacific, allowing the development of an empirical approach to obtain highly resolved pCO2 distributions and CO2 fluxes. This data package represents pCO2 gathered by PMEL onboard the NOAA Ka'imimoana from 1996 through 2010 as a companion project to the biannual servicing of the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Array moorings. The cruises during the 15-year period included 77 transects of the equatorial Pacific between 95°W and 165°E, and spanned several El Niño events. The major objectives of the project were to continue a time series documenting the distribution of surface and atmospheric fCO2, salinity, temperature, and other parameters across the Pacific Ocean. Funding Information: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program (Surface Water pCO2 Measurements from Ships) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0276699 Preview graphic PNG 0276699 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2023-01-02 publication BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Delta pCO2 Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water SALINITY WATER TEMPERATURE xCO2 atmosphere xCO2 seawater theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS barometric pressure sensor carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer showerhead equilibrator temperature sensor thermosalinograph instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical meteorological physical surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS North Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords SOOP project Reference Section ID EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type Ka'imimoana theme Provider Keywords SAL(TSG)_PERMIL SST(TSG)_C dfCO2_uatm fCO2A_uatm fCO2W@SST_uatm xCO2A_ppm xCO2W_ppm theme Provider Variable Abbreviations BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS EQUILIBRATORS TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS THERMOSALINOGRAPHS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian KA'IMIMOANA (call sign: WTEU, ICES code: 33KM, 1996-2014) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Pacific Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Feely, Richard A.; Cosca, Catherine E.; Alin, Simone R.; Kozyr, Alex (2023). A compiled data product of underway pCO2 measurements from 77 individual cruise datasets collected from NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana in the Equatorial Pacific from 1996 through 2010 (NCEI Accession 0276699). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/xdzv-th29. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Milburn, H. B., Cosca, C. E., Stapp, M., & P. Murphy, P. (1998). A new automated underway system for making high precision pCO2 measurements onboard research ships. Analytica Chimica Acta, 377(2–3), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00388-2 1998-12 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00388-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00388-2 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00388-2 related journal article information Feely, Richard A. author Wanninkhof, Rik author Milburn, Hugh B. author Cosca, Catherine E. author Stapp, Mike author P. Murphy, Paulette author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Analytica Chimica Acta 377(2-3) ISSN 0003-2670, pp. 185-191 crossReference project Wanninkhof, R., & Thoning, K. (1993). Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods. Marine Chemistry, 44(2–4), 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90202-y 1993-12 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90202-y https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90202-y HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90202-y related journal article information Wanninkhof, Rik author Thoning, Kirk author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Marine Chemistry 44(2-4) ISSN 0304-4203, pp. 189-204 crossReference project R/V Ka'imimoana Cruises 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/kaimimoana.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/kaimimoana.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 162.4 -90 -17.704 47.549 1996-06-20 2010-09-17 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 106.856 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0276699.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/xdzv-th29 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/276699 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/276699 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0211/0276699/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0276699 v1.1 was published. 2023-02-15T21:50:31Z NCEI Accession 0276699 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0276699/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0276699 v1.1 published 2023-02-15T21:50:31Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2W@SST_uatm; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Location of seawater intake: Bow; Analyzing instrument: System 2.0, 1996. Built by PMEL engineering, LabView programming by Mike Stapp.; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, H.B. Milburn, C.E. Cosca, M. Stapp, and P.P. Murphy, A new automated underway system for making high precision pCO2 measurements onboard research ships, Analytica Chim. Acta, 377, 185-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00388-2, 1998.; Equilibrator type: Shower head; Equilibrator volume: 17 liter water reservoir and 12 liter gaseous headspace; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 10 L/min; Gas flow rate: 5 L/m; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: YSI Seriess 700 Thermistor positioned in bottom of equilibrator, calibrated annually against a Guildline model 5010 platinum resistance thermometer with a NIST traceable probe. Temperatures accurate to 0.02°C.; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: Paroscientific Model 760-16B barometer located next to the underway system with an accuracy of ± 0.2 hPa. The equilibrator had two 0.5-cm ID vents, and the Licor sample output was vented to the laboratory when CO2 measurements were made, thus equilibrator headspace pressure was assumed to be laboratory pressure.; Drying method for gas: From Feely, et al.: The equilibrator, designed by Dr. Ray Weiss of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, is a large (58 cm height by 23 cm width) clear plexiglass chamber. The equilibrator has a showerhead at the top through which seawater sprays out at a rate of approximately 12 liters/min. The 24 liter equilibrator has a 16 liter headspace for equilibration of the seawater spray. Air in the headspace is recirculated with an Aircadet pump through an automated water vapor trap in a return loop at a rate of 7 l/min through a mass flow meter. The flow rates are adjusted with in-line ball valves. The equilibration time in the headspace ranges from 2 to 4 minutes. During the sample flushing phase of the analysis, a small amount of gas (∼75 ml/min) is diverted through a cold trap and then through a magnesium perchlorate drying tube to remove water vapor prior to analysis by the Li-Cor infrared analyzer.; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 6252, IRG2-220; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: 0.2 µatm; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: 0.3 µatm for equilibrator measurements, 0.2 µatm for atmospheric measurements; Standardization technique: The automated underway pCO2 system operates on an hourly cycle which is subdivided into twelve 5 minute intervals under the control of a Macintosh computer using LabView software. An eight-port Valco valve is directed by the LabView program to sample three 5 minute intervals of standards, three 5 minute intervals of equilibrator air, three 5 minute intervals of bow air, and three 5 minute intervals of equilibrator air. During the 5 minute intervals the following occurs: the first 10 seconds are utilized for repositioning the Valco valve and logging date, time and position; the next 132 seconds is devoted to flushing the system; during the next second the flow is stopped and gas flow data are collected; during the next 126 seconds the system is stabilized in stop flow mode; during the next 30 seconds of stop flow the Li-Cor data are collected to obtain a 30 second mean and standard deviation; and the averaged data are recorded to the computer in the last second along with air temperature, seawater temperature and salinity, and barometric pressure averaged over 288 seconds.; Standardization frequency: Every 60 minutes; Standard gas manufacturer: Standard gases are supplied by NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, in Boulder, CO, and are directly traceable to the WMO scale.; Standard gas concentration: CA01910, 345.68 ppm; CA02858, 423.79 ppm; CA02813, 483.65 ppm; Standard gas uncertainty: 0.01 ppm; Water vapor correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Feely, et.al. (1998).; Temperature correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Feely, et.al. (1998).; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature; Uncertainty: ± 2 µatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, H.B. Milburn, C.E. Cosca, M. Stapp, and P.P. Murphy, A new automated underway system for making high precision pCO2 measurements onboard research ships, Analytica Chim. Acta, 377, 185-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00388-2, 1998.; Researcher name: Catherine E. Cosca; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST(TSG)_C; Unit: Degree Celcius; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird Electronics 38, maintained and calibrated yearly by ship personnel; Uncertainty: 0.0025°C Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: SAL(TSG)_PERMIL; Unit: permil; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird Electronics 38, maintained and calibrated yearly by ship personnel; Uncertainty: 0.005 PSU Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature; Abbreviation: xCO2W_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Licor 6252, IRG2-220; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Feely et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.3 ppm Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air associated with each water analysis.; Abbreviation: xCO2A_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Values are interpolated between measurements of mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air; Sampling instrument: Licor 6252, IRG2-220; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Feely et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 ppm Parameter or Variable: Fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 (xCO2A_ppm) at SST and 100% humidity; Abbreviation: fCO2A_uatm; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters:; Sampling instrument: Licor 6252, IRG2-220; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Feely et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 µatm Parameter or Variable: Difference between fugacity of fCO2sw_uatm and fCO2a_uatm; Abbreviation: dfCO2_uatm; Unit:; Observation type:; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters:; Sampling instrument: Licor 6252, IRG2-220; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Feely et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.3 µatm asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian barometric pressure sensor barometric pressure sensor instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure. carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. showerhead equilibrator showerhead equilibrator extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. temperature sensor temperature sensor A sensor used to measure temperature. thermosalinograph thermosalinograph automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29] NOAA Ship Ka'imimoana Updated information for this platform from ICES: Name : KA'IMIMOANA Country(s) : US: UNITED STATES (ISO Country Code) Platform Class : 31: Research vessel Call Sign : WTEU IMO : 8835231 Commissioned Date : 1996 Decommissioned Date : 2014 Current Length : 68.3 Built : 1989 Previous Name (Notes): TITAN WOD Code: 7426 JCOMMOPs Recruitment Date: 2000-01-01 Notes : Oceanographic RV. Built as the USNS Titan, became NOAA ship Ka'imimoana in 1996, became Ocean Titan in 2015 Information Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Titan_(T-AGOS-15) - https://www.shipspotting.com/photos/1949285?navList=gallery&imo=8835231&page=1&viewType=normal&sortBy=newest Same Vessels Info: 33V1 - OCEAN TITAN General Comments: IMO confirmed in Miramar Code 33KM has been used since at least 2000. See relevant SHIPC version.