gov.noaa.nodc:0259963 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-14T14:39:10Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Discrete profile and surface underway measurements of carbonate chemistry and others hydrographic and chemical parameters, collected during R/V Neeskay and R/V Osprey cruises in Lake Michigan from 2017-05-01 to 2022-04-30 (NCEI Accession 0259963) 2022-09-29 publication 2022-09-19 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/22pv-gj51 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0259963 NCEI Archive Management System 0259963 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Harvey A. Bootsma University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee hbootsma@uwm.edu http://www.uwm.edu HTTP University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee http://www.uwm.edu HTTP University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee website Institution web page information resourceProvider Harvey Bootsma University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee hbootsma@uwm.edu http://www.uwm.edu HTTP University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Qian Liao University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee http://www.uwm.edu HTTP University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Cary D. Troy University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee http://www.uwm.edu HTTP University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Bootsma, Harvey A. University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee http://www.uwm.edu HTTP University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee website Institution web page information author Liao, Qian University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee http://www.uwm.edu HTTP University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee website Institution web page information author Troy, Cary D. University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee http://www.uwm.edu HTTP University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee website Institution web page information author University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee http://www.uwm.edu HTTP University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset consists of discrete profile and surface underway measurements of carbonate chemistry and others hydrographic and chemical parameters, collected during R/V Neeskay and R/V Osprey cruises in Lake Michigan from 2017-05-01 to 2022-04-30. Water chemistry and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles were measured at several stations in Lake Michigan, ranging in depth from 10 to 55 m, in a region northeast of Milwaukee Harbor. Measurements included soluble reactive phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, the concentrations and stable isotope ratios of particulate carbon and particulate nitrogen, dissolved carbon dioxide, dissolved total inorganic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon. In addition, continuous lake surface and atmospheric CO2 data collected in 2019 and 2021 on a Lake Michigan transect between Milwaukee, WI and Muskegon MI. Measurements were made with a CO2 monitoring system mounted on a high-speed ferry that crosses the lake 4 to 6 times daily between May and October. The monitoring system consists of a "wet" box which includes a peristaltic pump that draws water from the ship's sea chest and an equilibrator in which dissolved gases are equilibrated with a recirculating air flow. The air is pumped through a desiccant to remove moisture, after which it flows to a "dry" box where it passes through an infrared gas analyzer. A similar system, without the peristaltic pump or equilibrator, is mounted near the bow of the ship to record atmospheric CO2 concentration. These chemical measurements have several applications, including: 1) Constructing an annual carbon and nutrient budget for the water column, which is used along with direct measurements of quagga mussel nutrient recycling to assess the role of invasive quagga mussels in the lake's carbon and nutrient cycles; 2) When combined with separate measurements of the vertical structure of water density and currents, to quantify vertical fluxes of dissolved nutrients and inorganic carbon, to determine how carbon and nutrient recycling by profundal quagga mussels may affect plankton production in the euphotic zone; 3) The calibration and validation of physical / biogeochemical models used to better understand how invasive quagga mussel have altered energy flow and nutrient dynamics in the Great Lakes, and guide management decisions with regard to nutrients and fish stocking. These data were collected as part of a project to better understand how invasive quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) have altered nutrient and carbon dynamics in a Great Lake (Lake Michigan), and how their effects are modulated by lake hydrodynamics. The results are being used to structure and parameterize physical / biogeochemical models to simulate lake response to phosphorus loading and meteorological conditions. Funding Information: National Science Foundation (Collaborative Research: Regulation of plankton and nutrient dynamics by hydrodynamics and profundal filter feeders.) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0259963 Preview graphic PNG 0259963 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2022-09-15 publication CHLOROPHYLL - RELATIVE FLUORESCENCE CHLOROPHYLL A - INTEGRATED CONDUCTIVITY DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON DISSOLVED OXYGEN NITROGEN - PARTICULATE partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water PARTICULATE CARBON pH PHOSPHATE - SOLUBLE REACTIVE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) WATER TEMPERATURE xCO2 seawater theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer CTD fluorometer mass spectrometer spectrophotometer Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyzer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS in situ laboratory analyses theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NEESKAY Osprey platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Great Lakes place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Collaborative Research: Regulation of plankton and nutrient dynamics by hydrodynamics and profundal filter feeders. project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITROGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Profile Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type CHLOROPHYLL CHLOROPHYLL A CONDUCTIVITY DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON DISSOLVED OXYGEN NITROGEN - PARTICULATE PARTICULATE CARBON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) Phosphate Phosphorus WATER TEMPERATURE pCO2 pH xCO2 seawater theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth FLUOROMETERS > FLUOROMETERS MASS SPECTROMETERS > MASS SPECTROMETERS OPTSPEC > Optical Spectrometer TOC > Total Organic Carbon Analyzer instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Gas chromatograph Sea-Bird SBE 25 plus CTD instrument Provider Instruments Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian NEESKAY (ICES code: 32N7) OSPREY (ICES code: 33Z0) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes R/V Neeskay R/V Osprey platform Provider Platform Names CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > CANADA > GREAT LAKES, CANADA CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > GREAT LAKES place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Lake Michigan place Provider Geographic Names Lake Michigan place Provider Place Names N8BN2W Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Bootsma, Harvey A.; Liao, Qian; Troy, Cary D. (2022). Discrete profile and surface underway measurements of carbonate chemistry and others hydrographic and chemical parameters, collected during R/V Neeskay and R/V Osprey cruises in Lake Michigan from 2017-05-01 to 2022-04-30 (NCEI Accession 0259963). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/22pv-gj51. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -87.8682 -86.3447 42.985 44.2266 2017-05-01 2022-04-30 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 22.544 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259963.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/22pv-gj51 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/259963 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/259963 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0207/0259963/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0259963 v1.1 was published. 2022-09-29T18:33:30Z NCEI Accession 0259963 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0259963/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0259963 v1.1 published 2022-09-29T18:33:30Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: PHOSPHATE - SOLUBLE REACTIVE (Measured); Abbreviation: Phosphate; Unit: ug/L; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: spectrophotometer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Field sampling: Water samples were collected using 5-liter Niskin sampling bottles suspended on a ¼” cable from a hydrographic winch. Immediately after collection, samples were transferred to 4-liter HDPE sample bottles. Sample bottles were rinsed with sample water 3 times before filling. Prior to use, sample bottles were acid washed (48 hours in 5% HCl), followed by multiple rinses with distilled, deionized water. Samples in bottles were stored in a cooler on ice until return to the laboratory. Samples were filtered immediately upon return to the laboratory (usually 8 hours after collection). Samples were filtered through pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filters. Filters were retained for particulate P, stable isotope (particulate C and N), and chlorophyll a analyses. At least twice during the field season, field blanks are collected, which consist of clean bottles brought into the field where they are filled with distilled water, followed by analysis for dissolved and particulate phosphorus. Nutrients: Samples were collected and analyzed as described in Mosley and Bootsma (2015). SRP was analyzed using the standard molybdate method and a 10 cm path length in the spectrophotometer. TDP and PP were digested to convert to phosphate, followed by analysis with the standard molybdate method. SRP and TDP were measured within 12 hours of sample filtration.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: All nutrient data are stored in a common database. Following analyses, nutrient standard curves are examined to ensure that calibration coefficients are within the range of variability of a long-term (5-year) dataset (±3%). Fluorometer measurements are entered into a spreadsheet containing the fluorometer calibration coefficients, which are used to calculate chlorophyll a and phaeophytin concentrations. The fluorometer is calibrated annually against extracted chlorophyll a standards. CO2 and DIC gas chromatograph measurements are entered into a spreadsheet program that calculates all inorganic carbon species concentrations, as well as pH and carbonate alkalinity. Concentrations are then corrected for any temperature difference between in situ and time of analysis. Stable isotope measurements are stored in a stable isotope database, while DOC measurement data are stored along with nutrient, chlorophyll and inorganic carbon measurements in a chemistry database. Parameter or Variable: Phosphorus - Total Dissolved (Measured); Abbreviation: Phosphorus; Unit: ug/L; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: spectrophotometer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Field sampling: Water samples were collected using 5-liter Niskin sampling bottles suspended on a ¼” cable from a hydrographic winch. Immediately after collection, samples were transferred to 4-liter HDPE sample bottles. Sample bottles were rinsed with sample water 3 times before filling. Prior to use, sample bottles were acid washed (48 hours in 5% HCl), followed by multiple rinses with distilled, deionized water. Samples in bottles were stored in a cooler on ice until return to the laboratory. Samples were filtered immediately upon return to the laboratory (usually 8 hours after collection). Samples were filtered through pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filters. Filters were retained for particulate P, stable isotope (particulate C and N), and chlorophyll a analyses. At least twice during the field season, field blanks are collected, which consist of clean bottles brought into the field where they are filled with distilled water, followed by analysis for dissolved and particulate phosphorus. Nutrients: Samples were collected and analyzed as described in Mosley and Bootsma (2015). SRP was analyzed using the standard molybdate method and a 10 cm path length in the spectrophotometer. TDP and PP were digested to convert to phosphate, followed by analysis with the standard molybdate method. SRP and TDP were measured within 12 hours of sample filtration.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: All nutrient data are stored in a common database. Following analyses, nutrient standard curves are examined to ensure that calibration coefficients are within the range of variability of a long-term (5-year) dataset (±3%). Fluorometer measurements are entered into a spreadsheet containing the fluorometer calibration coefficients, which are used to calculate chlorophyll a and phaeophytin concentrations. The fluorometer is calibrated annually against extracted chlorophyll a standards. CO2 and DIC gas chromatograph measurements are entered into a spreadsheet program that calculates all inorganic carbon species concentrations, as well as pH and carbonate alkalinity. Concentrations are then corrected for any temperature difference between in situ and time of analysis. Stable isotope measurements are stored in a stable isotope database, while DOC measurement data are stored along with nutrient, chlorophyll and inorganic carbon measurements in a chemistry database. Parameter or Variable: Phoshorus - Particulate (Measured); Abbreviation: Phosphorus; Unit: ug/L; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: spectrophotometer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Field sampling: Water samples were collected using 5-liter Niskin sampling bottles suspended on a ¼” cable from a hydrographic winch. Immediately after collection, samples were transferred to 4-liter HDPE sample bottles. Sample bottles were rinsed with sample water 3 times before filling. Prior to use, sample bottles were acid washed (48 hours in 5% HCl), followed by multiple rinses with distilled, deionized water. Samples in bottles were stored in a cooler on ice until return to the laboratory. Samples were filtered immediately upon return to the laboratory (usually 8 hours after collection). Samples were filtered through pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filters. Filters were retained for particulate P, stable isotope (particulate C and N), and chlorophyll a analyses. At least twice during the field season, field blanks are collected, which consist of clean bottles brought into the field where they are filled with distilled water, followed by analysis for dissolved and particulate phosphorus. Nutrients: Samples were collected and analyzed as described in Mosley and Bootsma (2015). SRP was analyzed using the standard molybdate method and a 10 cm path length in the spectrophotometer. TDP and PP were digested to convert to phosphate, followed by analysis with the standard molybdate method. SRP and TDP were measured within 12 hours of sample filtration.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: All nutrient data are stored in a common database. Following analyses, nutrient standard curves are examined to ensure that calibration coefficients are within the range of variability of a long-term (5-year) dataset (±3%). Fluorometer measurements are entered into a spreadsheet containing the fluorometer calibration coefficients, which are used to calculate chlorophyll a and phaeophytin concentrations. The fluorometer is calibrated annually against extracted chlorophyll a standards. CO2 and DIC gas chromatograph measurements are entered into a spreadsheet program that calculates all inorganic carbon species concentrations, as well as pH and carbonate alkalinity. Concentrations are then corrected for any temperature difference between in situ and time of analysis. Stable isotope measurements are stored in a stable isotope database, while DOC measurement data are stored along with nutrient, chlorophyll and inorganic carbon measurements in a chemistry database. Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL A - INTEGRATED (Measured); Abbreviation: CHLOROPHYLL A; Unit: ug/L; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: fluorometer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Field sampling: Water samples were collected using 5-liter Niskin sampling bottles suspended on a ¼” cable from a hydrographic winch. Immediately after collection, samples were transferred to 4-liter HDPE sample bottles. Sample bottles were rinsed with sample water 3 times before filling. Prior to use, sample bottles were acid washed (48 hours in 5% HCl), followed by multiple rinses with distilled, deionized water. Samples in bottles were stored in a cooler on ice until return to the laboratory. Samples were filtered immediately upon return to the laboratory (usually 8 hours after collection). Samples were filtered through pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filters. Filters were retained for particulate P, stable isotope (particulate C and N), and chlorophyll a analyses. At least twice during the field season, field blanks are collected, which consist of clean bottles brought into the field where they are filled with distilled water, followed by analysis for dissolved and particulate phosphorus. Chlorophyll a: Samples were collected and analyzed as described in Mosley and Bootsma (2015). Chl a was extracted with a 68:27:5 methanol-acetone-deionized water extraction solvent for 24 hours at −28 °C and measured on a Turner Model 10 Series fluorometer, which was calibrated using a chlorophyll extract, the concentration of which was determined spectrophotometrically (Stainton et al. 1977).; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: All nutrient data are stored in a common database. Following analyses, nutrient standard curves are examined to ensure that calibration coefficients are within the range of variability of a long-term (5-year) dataset (±3%). Fluorometer measurements are entered into a spreadsheet containing the fluorometer calibration coefficients, which are used to calculate chlorophyll a and phaeophytin concentrations. The fluorometer is calibrated annually against extracted chlorophyll a standards. Parameter or Variable: PARTICULATE CARBON (Measured); Abbreviation: PARTICULATE CARBON; Unit: ug/L; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: mass spectrometer / gas chromatograph; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Field sampling: Water samples were collected using 5-liter Niskin sampling bottles suspended on a ¼” cable from a hydrographic winch. Immediately after collection, samples were transferred to 4-liter HDPE sample bottles. Sample bottles were rinsed with sample water 3 times before filling. Prior to use, sample bottles were acid washed (48 hours in 5% HCl), followed by multiple rinses with distilled, deionized water. Samples in bottles were stored in a cooler on ice until return to the laboratory. Samples were filtered immediately upon return to the laboratory (usually 8 hours after collection). Samples were filtered through pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filters. Filters were retained for particulate P, stable isotope (particulate C and N), and chlorophyll a analyses. At least twice during the field season, field blanks are collected, which consist of clean bottles brought into the field where they are filled with distilled water, followed by analysis for dissolved and particulate phosphorus. Samples for analysis of particulate C and N concentration and stable isotopes (13C:12C and 15N:14N ratios) were collected by filtering lake water samples through GF/F glass fiber filters (nominal pore size = 0.7 - 0.8 um). Following filtration, filters were doused with 5% HCl for ~ 3 minutes to remove any inorganic carbon, followed by rinsing with distilled, deionized water. Filters were then freeze dried and packed in tin foil disks. Samples were then analyzed on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer with a front-end gas chromatograph, following the methods as described in Turschak et al. (2014). After every 12th sample, an acetanilide control was run to ensure instrument calibration.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: Finnigan MAT delta S stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer with elemental analyzer front end and ConFlo II interface; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. This instrument was used to measure carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. After every 12th sample, an acetanilide control was run to ensure instrument calibration. Instrument precision was 0.2 per mil for both C and N isotopes based upon acetanilide controls. Parameter or Variable: NITROGEN - PARTICULATE (Measured); Abbreviation: NITROGEN - PARTICULATE; Unit: ug/L; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: mass spectrometer / gas chromatograph; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Samples for stable isotope (13C:12C and 15N:14N ratios) analyses were collected by filtering lake water samples through GF/F glass fiber filters (nominal pore size = 0.7 - 0.8 um). Following filtration, filters were doused with 5% HCl for ~ 3 minutes to remove any inorganic carbon, followed by rinsing with distilled, deionized water. Filters were then freeze dried and packed in tin foil disks. Samples were then analyzed on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, following the methods as described in Turschak et al. (2014). After every 12th sample, an acetanilide control was run to ensure instrument calibration.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: Finnigan MAT delta S stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer with elemental analyzer front end and ConFlo II interface; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. This instrument was used to measure carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. After every 12th sample, an acetanilide control was run to ensure instrument calibration. Instrument precision was 0.2 per mil for both C and N isotopes based upon acetanilide controls. Parameter or Variable: xCO2 seawater (Measured); Abbreviation: xCO2 seawater; Unit: umol/L; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: Gas chromatograph; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Samples for CO2 and DIC analyses were collected in stoppered 120 ml glass serum bottles. Prior to sampling, bottles were flushed with nitrogen gas and then evacuated, to ensure they contained no CO2. At the time of sampling, a double-ended needle was inserted into the discharge tube of the Niskin bottle while water was flowing out, and the other end of the needle was inserted through the rubber cap of the serum sample bottle, allowing the vacuum in the bottle to draw in the sample water. The bottle was filled approximately ¾. CO2 and DIC analyses were carried out following the method described by Davies et al. (2003). Briefly, 50 ul subsamples are taken from the bottle headspace using a pressure-lok syringe and injected into a gas chromatograph, calibrated with CO2 standard gases. Samples are run in triplicate. Dissolved CO2 is then determined based on the temperature-dependent solubility of CO2, corrected for CO2 lost to the headspace and for the change in inorganic carbon species distribution accompanying the CO2 loss to headspace. Following CO2 analysis, samples are acidified by adding 150 ul of concentrated phosphoric acid, converting all inorganic carbon to CO2, after which the above analysis was repeated to determine total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration. In-lake CO2 concentrations are determined by correcting for any difference between in situ temperature and temperature at time of analysis, which affects the inorganic carbon partitioning coefficients. CO2 samples were measured within 24 hours of collection, and DIC samples were measured within 3 days of collection.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: SRI 8610C Gas chromatograph. This instrument was used to measured the CO2 and DIC concentration in water samples. The instrument was calibrated against CO2 standards with an accuracy of +/- 3%. Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) (Measured); Abbreviation: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC); Unit: umol/L; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: Gas chromatograph; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Samples for CO2 and DIC analyses were collected in stoppered 120 ml glass serum bottles. Prior to sampling, bottles were flushed with nitrogen gas and then evacuated, to ensure they contained no CO2. At the time of sampling, a double-ended needle was inserted into the discharge tube of the Niskin bottle while water was flowing out, and the other end of the needle was inserted through the rubber cap of the serum sample bottle, allowing the vacuum in the bottle to draw in the sample water. The bottle was filled approximately ¾. CO2 and DIC analyses were carried out following the method described by Davies et al. (2003). Briefly, 50 ul subsamples are taken from the bottle headspace using a pressure-lok syringe and injected into a gas chromatograph, calibrated with CO2 standard gases. Samples are run in triplicate. Dissolved CO2 is then determined based on the temperature-dependent solubility of CO2, corrected for CO2 lost to the headspace and for the change in inorganic carbon species distribution accompanying the CO2 loss to headspace. Following CO2 analysis, samples are acidified by adding 150 ul of concentrated phosphoric acid, converting all inorganic carbon to CO2, after which the above analysis was repeated to determine total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration. In-lake CO2 concentrations are determined by correcting for any difference between in situ temperature and temperature at time of analysis, which affects the inorganic carbon partitioning coefficients. CO2 samples were measured within 24 hours of collection, and DIC samples were measured within 3 days of collection.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: SRI 8610C Gas chromatograph. This instrument was used to measured the CO2 and DIC concentration in water samples. The instrument was calibrated against CO2 standards with an accuracy of +/- 3%. Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (DOC) (Measured); Abbreviation: DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON; Unit: umol/L; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analyzer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: 25 ml of filtered water was transferred to an amber glass ampule and acidified to a pH of less than 2 by adding 2-3 drops of 1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl), converting all inorganic carbon to CO2, which was then purged from the sample bubbling with carbon-free gas prior to OC analysis. DOC was then measured using the combustion catalytic oxidation method on a total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer equipped with an ASI-5000 auto sampler). The analyzer was calibrated with a dilution series of reagent grade potassium hydrogen phthalate in 0.3 molar hydrochloric acid.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: The TOC analyzer was calibrated with a dilution series of reagent grade potassium hydrogen phthalate in 0.3 molar hydrochloric acid. Parameter or Variable: CONDUCTIVITY (Measured); Abbreviation: CONDUCTIVITY; Unit: uS/cm; Observation type: profile; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Data are processed using the “SBE Data Processing” software package provided by Sea-Bird Scientific. The processing modules used were as follows: Data Conversion. Potential temperature anomaly set to 0. Tau correction is applied to dissolved oxygen measurements, with a 2-second window. Filter. Low pass filter A time constant = 0.1 seconds. Low pass filter B time constant = 0.5 seconds. Align CTD. An advance value of 0.1 seconds was applied to conductance measurements, and an advance value of 5 seconds was applied to dissolved oxygen measurements. Loop Edit. Minimum CTD velocity set to 0.1 meters per second. Scans marked bad are excluded. Bin Average. Bin type = Depth. Bin size = 0.25 meters. Both the upcast and the downcast were processed.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: Calibrated annually by Sea-Bird Scientific Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (Measured); Abbreviation: WATER TEMPERATURE; Unit: degrees C; Observation type: profile; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: Sea-Bird SBE 25 plus CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Data are processed using the “SBE Data Processing” software package provided by Sea-Bird Scientific. The processing modules used were as follows: Data Conversion. Potential temperature anomaly set to 0. Tau correction is applied to dissolved oxygen measurements, with a 2-second window. Filter. Low pass filter A time constant = 0.1 seconds. Low pass filter B time constant = 0.5 seconds. Align CTD. An advance value of 0.1 seconds was applied to conductance measurements, and an advance value of 5 seconds was applied to dissolved oxygen measurements. Loop Edit. Minimum CTD velocity set to 0.1 meters per second. Scans marked bad are excluded. Bin Average. Bin type = Depth. Bin size = 0.25 meters. Both the upcast and the downcast were processed.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: Calibrated annually by Sea-Bird Scientific Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL - RELATIVE FLUORESCENCE (Measured); Abbreviation: CHLOROPHYLL; Unit: fluorescence; Observation type: profile; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Data are processed using the “SBE Data Processing” software package provided by Sea-Bird Scientific. The processing modules used were as follows: Data Conversion. Potential temperature anomaly set to 0. Tau correction is applied to dissolved oxygen measurements, with a 2-second window. Filter. Low pass filter A time constant = 0.1 seconds. Low pass filter B time constant = 0.5 seconds. Align CTD. An advance value of 0.1 seconds was applied to conductance measurements, and an advance value of 5 seconds was applied to dissolved oxygen measurements. Loop Edit. Minimum CTD velocity set to 0.1 meters per second. Scans marked bad are excluded. Bin Average. Bin type = Depth. Bin size = 0.25 meters. Both the upcast and the downcast were processed.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: Calibrated annually by Sea-Bird Scientific Parameter or Variable: PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) (Measured); Abbreviation: PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR); Unit: umol photons/m^2/s; Observation type: profile; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Data are processed using the “SBE Data Processing” software package provided by Sea-Bird Scientific. The processing modules used were as follows: Data Conversion. Potential temperature anomaly set to 0. Tau correction is applied to dissolved oxygen measurements, with a 2-second window. Filter. Low pass filter A time constant = 0.1 seconds. Low pass filter B time constant = 0.5 seconds. Align CTD. An advance value of 0.1 seconds was applied to conductance measurements, and an advance value of 5 seconds was applied to dissolved oxygen measurements. Loop Edit. Minimum CTD velocity set to 0.1 meters per second. Scans marked bad are excluded. Bin Average. Bin type = Depth. Bin size = 0.25 meters. Both the upcast and the downcast were processed.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: Calibrated annually by Sea-Bird Scientific Parameter or Variable: pH (Measured); Abbreviation: pH; Observation type: profile; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Data are processed using the “SBE Data Processing” software package provided by Sea-Bird Scientific. The processing modules used were as follows: Data Conversion. Potential temperature anomaly set to 0. Tau correction is applied to dissolved oxygen measurements, with a 2-second window. Filter. Low pass filter A time constant = 0.1 seconds. Low pass filter B time constant = 0.5 seconds. Align CTD. An advance value of 0.1 seconds was applied to conductance measurements, and an advance value of 5 seconds was applied to dissolved oxygen measurements. Loop Edit. Minimum CTD velocity set to 0.1 meters per second. Scans marked bad are excluded. Bin Average. Bin type = Depth. Bin size = 0.25 meters. Both the upcast and the downcast were processed.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: Calibrated annually by Sea-Bird Scientific Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED OXYGEN (Measured); Abbreviation: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; Unit: mg/L; Observation type: profile; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Data are processed using the “SBE Data Processing” software package provided by Sea-Bird Scientific. The processing modules used were as follows: Data Conversion. Potential temperature anomaly set to 0. Tau correction is applied to dissolved oxygen measurements, with a 2-second window. Filter. Low pass filter A time constant = 0.1 seconds. Low pass filter B time constant = 0.5 seconds. Align CTD. An advance value of 0.1 seconds was applied to conductance measurements, and an advance value of 5 seconds was applied to dissolved oxygen measurements. Loop Edit. Minimum CTD velocity set to 0.1 meters per second. Scans marked bad are excluded. Bin Average. Bin type = Depth. Bin size = 0.25 meters. Both the upcast and the downcast were processed.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: Calibrated annually by Sea-Bird Scientific Parameter or Variable: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water (Measured); Abbreviation: pCO2; Unit: micro-atmosphere; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin bottles; Analyzing instrument: Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sampling and Analyzing Method: The components of the continuous CO2 monitoring system include a peristaltic pump that forces water through an air-water equilibrator (Membrana mini-module membrane contactor). Reverse-flow air from the equilibrator is pumped through desiccant, after which it flows through an infrared gas analyzer (Li-Cor Li-820) which measures the partial pressure of CO2 normalized to 1 atmosphere. The system also includes a temperature sensor and a WETLabs flow-through fluorometer. The system is controlled by a Campbell CR1000 Controller / Datalogger. Input from a GPS on the ship’s upper deck allows all data to be geo-referenced. The system is mounted in the engine room of the Lake Express high-speed ferry, where it draws water from a sea chest that has a residence time of several seconds.; Uncertainty: Data Quality Information: The infrared gas analyzer is calibrated monthly against a CO2 standard with an accuracy of +/-3%. If calibration drift is greater than 3%, data are adjusted assuming that drift was linear during the measurement period over which drift occurred. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe fluorometer fluorometer fluorometer mass spectrometer mass spectrometer Instrument that measure the massess and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules spectrophotometer spectrophotometer spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands." Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyzer Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyzer measures the total amount of organic carbon contained in water NEESKAY NEESKAY Osprey Updated information from ICES for the vessel OSPREY from US: UNITED STATES. Name : OSPREY Country(s) : US: UNITED STATES (ISO Country Code) Platform Class : 31: Research vessel Current Length : 7.9 Built : 1997 WOD Code: 11481 Notes : Fiberglass vessel, with a 2.6-meter beam and nominally 0.6-meter draft, powered by two 150 HP Yamaha outboard engines, built by Osprey Boats. Connecticut registration CT7934BC. General Comments: Information about vessel was received from data provider. Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-29 (FY2018). Submitted to ICES 2017-12-20