gov.noaa.nodc:0248650 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-04-08T18:51:07Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Normals 2020 (NCEI Accession 0248650) 2022-03-09 publication 2022-02-23 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/7tx4-2r35 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0248650 NCEI Archive Management System 0248650 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) resourceProvider Anthony Arguez NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) principalInvestigator Michael Palecki NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) collaborator Jared Rennie NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) collaborator Arguez, Anthony NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Palecki, Michael A. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Rennie, J. Jared NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) contributor tableDigital ENSO Normals 2020 is a new high-resolution set of climate normals for the contiguous United States that are conditioned for various phase categories of the El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Strong La Niña, Weak La Niña, Neutral, Weak El Niño, and Strong El Niño. In addition, the optimal climate normal (OCN) – a 15-yr running average instead of the traditional 30-year normal – is utilized to better reflect the impacts of climate change. The spatial domain is a 1/24 degree grid over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Monthly normals are provided for daily maximum temperature (tmax; °C), daily minimum temperature (tmin; °C), and liquid-equivalent precipitation (prcp; mm) and are produced for each of the five phase categories. The ENSO normals are the sum of these composites with the OCN for a given month. The result is five sets of normals, one for each phase category, which users may consult with respect to anticipated ENSO outcomes. This new product, which is based on available data through 2020, can assist stakeholders in planning for a broad array of possible ENSO impacts in a changing climate. Funding Agency: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0248650 Graphic not available. PNG 0248650 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2022-02-17 publication AIR TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION AMOUNT theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS rain gauge thermistor instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS in situ theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS climatology theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Climate Normals project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION AMOUNT theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian RAIN GAUGES > RAIN GAUGES THERMISTORS > THERMISTORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CONUS place Provider Place Names 2R92HD Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Arguez, Anthony; Palecki, Michael A.; Rennie, J. Jared (2022). El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Normals 2020 (NCEI Accession 0248650). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/7tx4-2r35. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Arguez, A., Inamdar, A., Palecki, M. A., Schreck, C. J., & Young, A. H. (2019). ENSO Normals: A New U.S. Climate Normals Product Conditioned by ENSO Phase and Intensity and Accounting for Secular Trends. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 58(6), 1381–1397. https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0252.1 2019-06 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0252.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0252.1 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0252.1 related journal article information Arguez, Anthony NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina author Inamdar, Anand Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites–North Carolina, North Carolina State University, Asheville, North Carolina author Palecki, Michael A. NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina author Schreck, Carl J. Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites–North Carolina, North Carolina State University, Asheville, North Carolina author Young, Alisa H. NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Information, Boulder, Colorado author American Meteorological Society publisher documentDigital Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58(6) ISSN 1558-8424, ISSN 1558-8432, pp. 1381-1397 crossReference project Vose, R. S., Applequist, S., Squires, M., Durre, I., Menne, M. J., Williams, C. N., Fenimore, C., Gleason, K., & Arndt, D. (2014). Improved Historical Temperature and Precipitation Time Series for U.S. Climate Divisions. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 53(5), 1232–1251. https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0248.1 2014-05 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0248.1 https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0248.1 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0248.1 related journal article information Vose, Russell S. NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina author Applequist, Scott NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina author Squires, Mike NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina author Durre, Imke NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina author Menne, Matthew J. NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina author Williams, Claude N. NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina author Fenimore, Chris NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina author Gleason, Karin NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina author Arndt, Derek NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina author American Meteorological Society publisher documentDigital Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53(5) ISSN 1558-8424, ISSN 1558-8432, pp. 1232-1251 crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -124.6875 -67.02084 24.56253 49.3542 1950-01-01 2020-12-31 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 3193.06 https://doi.org/10.25921/7tx4-2r35 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/248650 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/248650 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0196/0248650/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0248650 v1.1 was published. 2022-03-09T21:56:28Z NCEI Accession 0248650 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0248650/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0248650 v1.1 published 2022-03-09T21:56:28Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: AIR TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: thermistor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Monthly gridded data from in situ measurements at more than 7,000 stations. Normals computed as a function of ENSO Category and accounting for climate change.; Data Quality Method: Global Historical Climatology Network Quality Control of station data inputs with spatial comparisons, climatology, and extremes tests. Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION AMOUNT (measured); Units: mm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: rain gauge; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Monthly gridded data from in situ measurements at more than 15,000 stations. Normals computed as a function of ENSO Category and accounting for climate change.; Data Quality Method: Global Historical Climatology Network Quality Control of station data inputs with spatial comparisons, climatology, and extremes tests. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian rain gauge rain gauge A device to measure the amount of liquid precipitation The definition of liquid precipitation is any form of water falling from the sky as rain. Rain gauge measures the amount of liquid precipitation. thermistor thermistor electronic temperature sensor thermally sensitive resistor