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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/210" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Niskin bottle</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/3" xlink:actuate="onRequest">chemical</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/52" xlink:actuate="onRequest">discrete sample</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/14" xlink:actuate="onRequest">physical</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/18" xlink:actuate="onRequest">profile</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/23" xlink:actuate="onRequest">surface measurements</gmx:Anchor>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/platform/details/8884" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="platform">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/268" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon;
Abbreviation: DIC;
Unit: micro-mol/kg;
Observation type: Surface discrete and profile measurement (flow through and CTD, Niskin Bottles);
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: flow through system and CTD, Niskin Bottles;
Analyzing instrument: Coulometer used: AOML2 (SOMMA #2);
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Analysis date: 2/4/2011 to 2/7/2011 Coulometer used: AOML2 (SOMMA #2) Blank: min=12 counts/min; max = 20 counts/min; average = 15 counts/min CRM # used and assigned value (include both DIC and salinity): Meas CRM cert CRM meas sal cert sal batch 1984.45 2005.36 33.381 33.142 96 1983.74 2005.36 33.496 33.142 96 Run time: min=8 min; max = 14 min; average = 10 min Reproducibility: (# samples and average difference): 12 sets of duplicate samples, average difference 0.8 umol/kg +- 0.5 umol/kg CRM, salinity and HgCl2 correction applied: Salinity correction was applied using TSG salinity Remarks-The volume correction was applied due to added HgCl2 (Measured DIC*1.00037). The first CRM of each cell was used for a CRM correction. match up with the underway DIC and TA samples;
CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD;
CRM batch number: Batch ??;
Preservation method: saturated HgCl2;
Preservative volume: 0.2 ml;
Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.;
Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof, Leticia Barbero;
Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity;
Abbreviation: TA;
Unit: micro-mol/kg;
Observation type: Surface discrete and profile measurement (flow through and CTD, Niskin Bottles);
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: flow through system and CTD, Niskin Bottles;
Type of titration: Full Titration;
Cell type (open or closed): Open;
Curve fitting method: Least-Square Analysis;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The results posted are duplicate analyses from the same DIC sample bottles. Analysis date: 08/08/2011 to 08/12/2011 Titration system used: Open cell CRM # used and assigned value: Meas CRM cert CRM batch 2152.98 2184.03 85 2145.88 2184.03 85 2172.61 2212.40 96 2175.90 2212.40 96 Reproducibility: (# samples and average difference): 12 sets of duplicate samples, 6 of them were discarded (see remarks below); the average difference was 1.6 umol/kg ± 0.8 umol/kg. CRM correction applied. CRMs ran at start and end of the analyses were used for the CRM correction.;
CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD;
CRM batch number: CRM batch: ??;
Preservation method: saturated HgCl2;
Preservative volume: 0.2 ml;
Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.;
Method reference: Millero, F. J., Zhang, J. Z., Lee, K., and Campbell, D. M. (1993). Titration alkalinity of seawater. Marine Chemistry, 44(2), 153-165.;
Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof, Leticia Barbero;
Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Water temperature;
Abbreviation: SST_C;
Unit: degrees celsius (ITS-90);
Observation type: Flow-through, CTD;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: SBE 38;
Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.001 degrees celsius;
Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof;
Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Salinity;
Abbreviation: SAL;
Unit: practical salinity scale of 1978;
Observation type: Flow-through, CTD;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Sampling instrument: SBE 45;
Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.005;
Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof;
Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:organisationName>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
          </gmd:role>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation id="AMS">
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be58">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures gaseous carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bee7">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be2a">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>Flow-through pump</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Flow-through pump</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Flow-through pump refers to a pump system, often found onboard a research vessel. Such pump can feed seawater continuously into instrument that record certain properties of the seawater continuously.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be3d">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth

Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_9c5b">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Updated information from ICES for UNITED STATES platform

Ronald H. Brown
Flag : UNITED STATES - US (ISO Country Code)
Call Sign : WTEC
Title : NOAA Ship
Platform Class : Research vessel
IMO : 9105786
Pennant : R 104
Commissioned Date : 1997-07-19
Current Length : 83.5
Built : 1997
Information Source : http://www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/index.html (URL)
Lloyds URL : http://www.seasearcher.com/lmiu/vessels/overview.htm?vesselID=277516

*General Comments:*
Name RESEARCHER II planned during build was never used.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>