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                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Discrete measurement</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>OCADS Study Type</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
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            <gco:CharacterString>ALKALI</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CFCs</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDOXY</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDSAL</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDTMP</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DELC14, DELC13</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OXYGEN</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SILCAT, NITRAT, NITRIT, PHSPHT</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TCARBN</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Variable Abbreviations</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7aecabfb-0047-484f-8396-efc0da16bc20" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CO2 ANALYZERS &gt; CO2 ANALYZERS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/01cc0beb-7c9a-40ed-ad86-0661b41aee53" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CTD &gt; Conductivity, Temperature, Depth</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/b79c7e06-cd07-442f-bf12-2019cd71c201" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NISKIN BOTTLES</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fdcfecd6-9731-450e-94e8-5bc4c04e22a2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OXYGEN METERS &gt; OXYGEN METERS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/ed79ec7b-a2df-4948-9877-b75e1fcb8782" xlink:actuate="onRequest">SALINOMETERS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
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                      </gmd:onlineResource>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="platform">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/9ce6b6ba-8f9f-4585-9438-05619d768578" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; ATLANTIC OCEAN &gt; SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                  <gmd:dateType>
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                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
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                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
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                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
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                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Drake Passage</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>South Atlantic Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Southern Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Geographic Names</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>accessLevel: public</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title="NCEI Data Citation Statement">
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
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      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
        <gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2022</gco:Date>
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                  <gmd:positionName gco:nilReason="unknown" />
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/woce_a21.html</gmd:URL>
                          </gmd:linkage>
                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/woce_a21.html</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Related resource</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CTD Salinity;
Abbreviation: CTDSAL;
Observation type: CTD sensor;
Sampling instrument: CTD;
Analyzing instrument: CTD;
Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value;
Researcher name: Y. Firing</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CTD Oxygen;
Abbreviation: CTDOXY;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Observation type: CTD sensor;
Sampling instrument: CTD;
Analyzing instrument: CTD;
Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value;
Researcher name: Y. Firing</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen;
Abbreviation: OXYGEN;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Observation type: Discrete samples;
Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottles;
Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value;
Researcher name: E. Mawji</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Nutrients;
Abbreviation: SILCAT, NITRAT, NITRIT, PHSPHT;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Observation type: Bottle, discrete;
Sampling instrument: CTD Niskin Bottles;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nitrate" is NO3+NO2;
Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value;
Researcher name: E. Mawji</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC113);
Abbreviation: CFCs;
Unit: PMOL/KG;
Observation type: Bottle, discrete;
Sampling instrument: CTD Niskin Bottles;
Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value;
Researcher name: M. Messias</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Carbon 14/13;
Abbreviation: DELC14, DELC13;
Unit: /MILLE;
Observation type: Bottle, discrete;
Sampling instrument: CTD Niskin Bottles;
Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value;
Researcher name: R.Key, A.McNichol</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:organisationName>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
          </gmd:role>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation id="AMS">
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be58">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures gaseous carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bee7">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be3d">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth

Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bef4">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>oxygen sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>oxygen sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bea4">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>salinometer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>salinometer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>generic salinometer

use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be28">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_a9d5">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>JAMES CLARK ROSS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Updated information added below from ICES for the vessel JAMES CLARK ROSS from UNITED KINGDOM

Code : 74JC
Name : JAMES CLARK ROSS
Flag : UNITED KINGDOM - GB (ISO Country Code)
Call Sign : ZDLP
Platform Class : Research vessel
IMO : 8904496
Commissioned Date : 1991
Current Length : 99.04
Built : 1991
Notes : active as of 2010
Information Source :
http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/living_and_working/research_ships/rrs_james_clark_ross/technical_data.php (URL)
Lloyds URL : http://www.seasearcher.com/lmiu/vessels/overview.htm?vesselID=230076</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>