gov.noaa.nodc:0212656 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-09-30T19:53:22Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Gulf Stream 2019 Near-Real-Time Mission Data (ocean and atmosphere) collected from Saildrone 1021 in North Atlantic Ocean from 2019-01-30 to 2019-02-26 (NCEI Accession 0212656) 2020-07-30 publication 2023-04-28 revision 2020-07-20 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0212656 NCEI Archive Management System 0212656 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Jaime B. Palter University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography (GSO) jpalter@uri.edu resourceProvider University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography (GSO) resourceProvider Jaime B. Palter U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) jpalter@uri.edu https://www.nsf.gov/ HTTPS U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Palter, Jaime B. University of Rhode Island; Graduate School of Oceanography (URI) jpalter@uri.edu https://www.nsf.gov/ HTTPS U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) website Institution web page information author University of Rhode Island http://ww2.uri.edu/ HTTP The University of Rhode Island (URI) website Institution web page information author U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) https://www.nsf.gov/ HTTPS U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital These data are reported from a Saildrone unmanned surface vehicle (USV), with limited initial quality control. Remote participants directed the Saildrone to pursue waypoints along a trajectory from Newport, Rhode Island to the Gulf Stream, with the objective of repeatedly sampling the cross-Gulf Stream gradients, along the length of the current. The Saildrone left Newport on 30 January 2019 and collected data until 26 February 2019. The mission ended prematurely after the USV sustained mission-compromising damage in 12+ meter significant wave heights. The USV was safely recovered in Bermuda. The data provided here are from the meteorological instruments mounted on the hull and wing (e.g., air temperature, barometric pressure, wind speed/direction) and the oceanographic instruments that sample below the sea surface (e.g., temperature, salinity, oxygen, pCO2, pH). The scientific objective was to quantify air-sea heat and carbon exchange in the Gulf Stream and neighboring mode water formation region. Funding Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0212656 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0212656 Preview graphic PNG 0212656 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2021-01-13 publication AIR TEMPERATURE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE CHLOROPHYLL CONDUCTIVITY course over ground DISSOLVED OXYGEN LATITUDE LONGITUDE partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water pCO2 - AIR pH PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) RELATIVE HUMIDITY SALINITY SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SOUND VELOCITY speed over ground water depth WATER TEMPERATURE WIND DIRECTION WIND GUST WIND SPEED xCO2 atmosphere xCO2 seawater theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS ADCP barometric pressure sensor carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer compass conductivity sensor CTD GPS humidity sensor oxygen sensor PAR Sensor temperature probe instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS in situ laboratory analyses surface measurements surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS U.S. National Science Foundation dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS North Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication National Science Foundation URI/GSO > Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Gulf Stream Saildrone Award project Originator Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > RELATIVE HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND SPEED EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > WATER DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN ACOUSTICS > ACOUSTIC VELOCITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Downward wind speed Hull Skin Temperature Photosynthetically active radiation in air Skin temperature Sky IR temperature theme Originator Data Types ASVCO2 theme Originator Observation Types ADCP > Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS COMPASSES CONDUCTIVITY METERS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth GPS RECEIVERS > GPS RECEIVERS HUMIDITY SENSORS > HUMIDITY SENSORS OXYGEN METERS > OXYGEN METERS PAR SENSORS > Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensors TEMPERATURE PROBES > TEMPERATURE PROBES instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ADCP manufacturer: Teledyne model: Workhorse WHM300-I-UG1 serial number: 24426 Aanderaa Dissolved Oxygen (429) aboard Saildrone at 0.6 m below sea surface Gill Anemometer (172603) aboard Saildrone at 5 m height Heitronics Hull IR Pyrometer (12616) Heitronics Sky IR Pyrometer (12615) aboard Saildrone at 0.6 m Heitronics Wing IR Pyrometer (12268) aboard Saildrone WING at 2.25m LI-COR PAR (9668), LI-192SA aboard Saildrone at 2.5 m Mole fraction of CO2 in air in equilibrium with the seawater at sea surface temperature and measured humidity RBR (40806) aboard Saildrone at 0.53 m below sea surface Rotronic AT/RH (HC2-S3) aboard Saildrone at 2.4 m Rotronic HC2-S3 aboard Saildrone Vaisala Barometer (N5240546) instrument Originator Instruments Saildrone platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Saildrone 1021 platform Originator Platforms Saildrone drone ID 1021 platform Platform Keywords autonomous surface water vehicle platform SeaVoX Platform Categories OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian REF1AD Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Palter, Jaime B.; University of Rhode Island (2020). Gulf Stream 2019 Near-Real-Time Mission Data (ocean and atmosphere) collected from Saildrone 1021 in North Atlantic Ocean from 2019-01-30 to 2019-02-26 (NCEI Accession 0212656). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0212656. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -71.5952 -57.2545 35.1032 41.4909 2019-01-30 2019-02-26 In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV netCDF-4 classic model netCDF netCDF-4 classic model netCDF netCDF-4 NCEI_NetCDF_Trajectory_Template_v2.0, ACDD-1.3, CF-1.6 61.612 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0212656 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/212656 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/212656 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0158/0212656/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0212656 v1.1 was published. 2020-07-30T17:45:03Z NCEI Accession 0212656 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0212656/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0212656 v1.1 published 2020-07-30T17:45:03Z download NCEI Accession 0212656 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2023-04-28T17:37:28Z NCEI Accession 0212656 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0212656/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0212656 v2.2 published 2023-04-28T17:37:28Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: AIR TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Rotronic HC2-S3 aboard Saildrone; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Mounted at 2.3 m Parameter or Variable: AIR PRESSURE [BAROMETRIC PRESSURE] (measured); Units: hPa; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Vaisala Barometer (N5240546); Sampling and Analyzing Method: http://www.vaisala.com/en/products/pressure/Pages/PTB210.aspx Parameter or Variable: RELATIVE HUMIDITY (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Rotronic AT/RH (HC2-S3) aboard Saildrone at 2.4 m Parameter or Variable: Photosynthetically active radiation in air (measured); Units: micromol s-1 m-2; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: LI-COR PAR (9668), LI-192SA aboard Saildrone @2.5 m Parameter or Variable: Sky IR temperature (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Heitronics Sky IR Pyrometer (12615) aboard Saildrone at 0.6 m Parameter or Variable: Hull Skin Temperature (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Heitronics Hull IR Pyrometer (12616) Parameter or Variable: Skin temperature (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Heitronics Wing IR Pyrometer (12268) aboard Saildrone WING at 2.25m Parameter or Variable: Eastward wind speed (measured); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Gill Anemometer (172603) a board Saildrone at 5 m height Parameter or Variable: Northward wind speed (measured); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Gill Anemometer (172603) a board Saildrone at 5 m height Parameter or Variable: Downward wind speed (measured); Units: cm H2O; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Gill Anemometer (172603) a board Saildrone at 5 m height Parameter or Variable: wind gust speed (measured); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Gill Anemometer (172603) aboard Saildrone at 5 m height Parameter or Variable: Seawater temperature (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: RBR (40806) aboard Saildrone at 0.53 m below sea surface Parameter or Variable: Seawater conductivity (measured); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: RBR (40806) aboard Saildrone at 0.53 m below sea surface Parameter or Variable: Seawater salinity (calculated); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: RBR (40806) aboard Saildrone at 0.53 m below sea surface Parameter or Variable: Oxygen concentration (calculated); Units: micromol L-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: RBR (40806) aboard Saildrone at 0.53 m below sea surface; Sampling and Analyzing Method: No in situ calibration - these are direct conversions from the calibration constants on the instrument. Parameter or Variable: Oxygen concentration (calculated); Units: micromol L-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Aanderaa Dissolved Oxygen (429) aboard Saildrone at 0.6 m below sea surface; Sampling and Analyzing Method: No in situ calibration - these are direct conversions from the calibration constants on the instrument. Parameter or Variable: Chlorophyll concentration (calculated); Units: micgrogram L-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: RBR (40806) aboard Saildrone at 0.53 m below sea surface; Sampling and Analyzing Method: No in situ calibration available Parameter or Variable: Ocean Velocity (measured); Units: m s-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ADCP manufacturer: Teledyne model: Workhorse WHM300-I-UG1 serial number: 24426; Sampling and Analyzing Method: 1-minute averaging bins Parameter or Variable: xCO2 SW (wet) (measured); Units: in situ; Observation Category: ASVCO2; Sampling Instrument: Mole fraction of CO2 in air in equilibrium with the seawater at sea surface temperature and measured humidity asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian ADCP ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler The Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measures currents beneath a ship while underway. Sound signals sent from the moving ship bounce back to receivers aboard the ship. This provides a profile of water movement relative to the ship-precise modern navigation, allowing the ship's motion to be subtracted from the data. These devices are also used on moorings and profilers and, along with acoustic backscattering, measure animal biomass. Particles in the path of the sound waves, mostly plankton, reflect a small part of the sound energy back toward receivers, allowing researchers to make remote estimates of the sizes and numbers of animals present in the water column. Before the 1970's, the most technologically advanced instrument used to measure water velocity was known as a Doppler speed log. This evolved into the first commercial ADCP, produced in the mid-1970's, which used averaging. Later in the 1970's, the first vessel-mounted ADCP was developed to measure water velocity more accurately and to allow measurement in range cells over a depth profile. As instruments evolved, so did new techniques in Doppler signal processing. Initially, Doppler speed logs used simple analog signal processing methods, which are still used in some commercial speed logs today. However, the first ADCPs incorporated analog-to-digital signal conversion over a narrow communication bandwidth. Around 1990, this technique was developed into broadband signal processing. Since then, broadband ADCPs have been able to generate very accurate, real-time velocity measurements. barometric pressure sensor barometric pressure sensor instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure. carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. compass compass magnetic compass instrument used for geo-location, positioning and navigation conductivity sensor conductivity sensor OMEGA non-contact conductivity sensor CDCN-108 or Honeywell DirectLine DL423 Sensor Module, for example Water conductivity sensors are used to measure how well a solution conducts an electrical current. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe GPS GPS Global Positioning System receiver satellite-based instrument used for geo-location, positioning and navigation humidity sensor humidity sensor HUMIDITY SENSORS are devices that receive a signal or stimulus (as heat or pressure or light or motion etc.) and responds to it, in this case humidity or some measure of the water vapor content of air. oxygen sensor oxygen sensor Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound. PAR Sensor PAR Sensor Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor The PAR sensor measures global solar radiation from 400 to 700 nm, which approximates the spectral band active in photosynthesis. The response of the instrument falls sharply to zero on either side of this band, and between 400 and 670 nm it increases monotonically from about 50% to 100%. There is no protective glass dome over the receiving surface. Irradiance from the sun passes through a small white visible bandpass filter/diffuser in the shape of a horizontal disk at the top of the instrument. Within the instrument radiation is directed through a series of colored glass filters and onto a silicon photodiode detector. The factory-supplied calibration converts the signal from the detector to a flux of photons in micro-mole (of photons) s-1 m-2. (One micro-mole equals 6.022 E17 photons.) For the solar spectrum, these units may be converted to watts per square meter by dividing by 4.6. (http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/instrument/par.htm) temperature probe temperature probe For example, OMEGA temperature probe PR-11-2-100-1/8-6-e Vaisala HUMICAP® Humidity and Temperature Probe HMP155