gov.noaa.nodc:0209045 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-03-26T07:33:45Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nutrients, and other variables collected from profile and discrete observations during NOAA Ship Henry B. Bigelow cruise HB1902 (EXPOCODE 33HH20190522) in Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, and Mid-Atlantic Bight from 2019-05-22 to 2019-06-06 (NCEI Accession 0209045) 2020-02-13 publication 2021-07-30 revision 2020-02-06 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/q1qg-5h83 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0209045 NCEI Archive Management System 0209045 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Charles Featherstone NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Charles.Featherstone@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Rik Wanninkhof NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Leticia Barbero Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) Leticia.Barbero@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Donald Christopher Melrose NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory Chris.Melrose@NOAA.gov principalInvestigator Denis Pierrot Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) denis.pierrot@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Christopher C. Taylor NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory chris.1.taylor@noaa.gov principalInvestigator Paula S. Fratantoni NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory principalInvestigator Harvey J. Walsh NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory principalInvestigator David W. Townsend University of Maine (UMO) davidt@umaine.edu https://umaine.edu/ HTTPS University of Maine (UMO) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Maura A. Thomas University of Maine (UMO) mthomas@umaine.edu https://umaine.edu/ HTTPS University of Maine (UMO) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Barbero, Leticia Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Wanninkhof, Rik NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Pierrot, Denis Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Melrose, D. Christopher NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory author Fratantoni, Paula S. NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory author Walsh, Harvey J. NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory author Townsend, David W. University of Maine (UMO) davidt@umaine.edu https://umaine.edu/ HTTPS University of Maine (UMO) website Institution web page information author Thomas, Maura A. University of Maine (UMO) https://umaine.edu/ HTTPS University of Maine (UMO) website Institution web page information author Taylor, Christopher C. NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory chris.1.taylor@noaa.gov author NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/NEFSC) contributor NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information contributor University of Maine (UMO) https://umaine.edu/ HTTPS University of Maine (UMO) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains profile discrete measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, temperature, salinity, nutrients, and oxygen collected during NOAA Ship Henry B. Bigelow cruise HB1902 (EXPOCODE 33HH20190522) in Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, and Mid-Atlantic Bight from 2019-05-22 to 2019-06-06. Increasing amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide from human industrial activities are causing changes in global ocean carbon chemistry ultimately resulting in a reduction in pH, a process termed ocean acidification. Studies have demonstrated adverse effects on calcifying organisms, particularly some invertebrates, corals, sea urchins, pteropods, and coccolithophores, but also on species of commercial interest such as oysters or crabs. In support of the coastal monitoring and research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP), the Ecosystem Monitoring Cruises (ECOMON) are utilized to collect water samples to measure water column inorganic carbon and hydrographic parameters including nutrients. Samples are collected at three depths (surface, mid-depth and near bottom) at select stations on a quarterly basis in the northeastern Atlantic continental shelf region off the United States. Water samples are sent to and analyzed by scientists at the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) for dissolved inorganic carbon, pH and total alkalinity concentrations. Additional samples are analyzed for nutrient concentrations at the University of Maine. These data are used to monitor short-long term coastal ocean acidification trends. To measure key carbon, physical and biogeochemical parameters in coastal waters of the US in relation to Ocean Acidification and monitor changes over time. Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Monitoring of OA on the Northeast U.S. Shelf (Melrose NEFSC), 17909) Funding Information: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (East and Gulf Coast Ocean Acidification Observing Support. Monitoring of Water Column DIC, TAlk, and pH on the Northeast U.S. Shelf and the Development of Ocean Acidification Indicators to Inform Marine Resource Management) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0209045 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0209045 Preview graphic PNG 0209045 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2020-02-06 publication AMMONIA (NH3) DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) nitrate + nitrite content (concentration) OXYGEN pH phosphate SALINITY total alkalinity WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer CTD Niskin bottle nutrient autoanalyzer oxygen sensor titrator instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical discrete sample physical profile theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Ship Henry B. Bigelow platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center University of Maine dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Georges Bank Gulf of Maine Mid-Atlantic Bight place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC > Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce UMAINE > University of Maine dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian HB1902 project Cruise ID 33HH20190522 project EXPOCODE Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > AMMONIA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Coastal Discrete measurement theme OCADS Study Type AMMONIA CTDOXY CTDOXYmg CTDPRS CTDSAL CTDTMP DIC Depth_sampling Depth_station NITRIT+NITRAT Niskin_nuts PHSPHT SILCAT Sigma-Theta TAlk pH theme Provider Variable Abbreviations AUTOANALYZER > AUTOANALYZER CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth NISKIN BOTTLES OXYGEN METERS > OXYGEN METERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian HENRY B. BIGELOW (call sign: WTDF, ICES code: 33HH, 2005-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GEORGES BANK OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MAINE place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Georges Bank Gulf of Maine Mid-Atlantic Bight place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Barbero, Leticia; Wanninkhof, Rik; Pierrot, Denis; Melrose, D. Christopher; Fratantoni, Paula S.; Walsh, Harvey J.; Townsend, David W.; Thomas, Maura A.; Taylor, Christopher C. (2020). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nutrients, and other variables collected from profile and discrete observations during NOAA Ship Henry B. Bigelow cruise HB1902 (EXPOCODE 33HH20190522) in Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, and Mid-Atlantic Bight from 2019-05-22 to 2019-06-06 (NCEI Accession 0209045). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/q1qg-5h83. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. AOML Coastal Cruises 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/Coastal/Bigelow.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/Coastal/Bigelow.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -74.9726 -65.45 37.6967 44.4783333 2019-05-22 2019-06-06 In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. 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Originator data format 0.572 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0209045.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/q1qg-5h83 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/209045 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/209045 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0152/0209045/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0209045 v1.1 was published. 2020-02-13T22:22:20Z NCEI Accession 0209045 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0209045/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0209045 v1.1 published 2020-02-13T22:22:20Z download NCEI Accession 0209045 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2021-07-30T21:17:53Z NCEI Accession 0209045 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0209045/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0209045 v2.2 published 2021-07-30T21:17:53Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: micro-mol/kg; Observation type: Profile/underway (flow through); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle / flow through system; Analyzing instrument: Two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in the Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements (Dickson et al., 2007) from Niskin bottles into cleaned 500-ml glass bottles. Bottles were rinsed and filled from the bottom, leaving 6 ml of headspace; care was taken not to entrain any bubbles. After 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a preservative, the sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room temperature to be sent back to the lab for analysis after the cruise. The analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML5 and AOML6) used simultaneously. In the coulometric analysis of DIC, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater sample, and the evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer with pure air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a proprietary reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this process, the solution changes from blue to colorless, triggering a current through the cell and causing coulometrical generation of OH minus ions at the anode. The OH ions react with the H+, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is shone through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side of the cell senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission reaches its original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the amount of CO2 that enters the cell is determined by integrating the total charge during the titration. The volume of the pipette used to deliver the sample in each system was determined with aliquots of distilled water at known temperature. The weights with the appropriate densities were used to determine the volume of the pipette. Calculation of the amount of CO2 injected was according to the CO2 handbook (Dickson et al., 2007).The instrument has a salinity sensor, but all DIC values were recalculated to a molar weight (micro-mol/kg) using density obtained from the CTD salinity. The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation (Measured DIC*1.00037). A correction was also applied for the offset from the CRM. This additive correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained in the beginning of the cell. Please consult the accompanying Readme file for additional details.; Replicate information: 123 samples each 500-ml, 12 sets of duplicate samples.; Standardization description: The coulometers were calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by means of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops with known gas volumes bracketing the amount of CO2 extracted from the water samples for the two AOML systems.; Standardization frequency: The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways: two sets of gas loops were measured at the beginning; also the Certified Reference Material (CRM), supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD, were measured at the beginning; and the duplicate samples at the beginning, middle, and end of each cell solution. The coulometer cell solution was replaced after 25 mg of carbon was titrated, typically after 9 to 12 hours of continuous use.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD; CRM batch number: Batch 173; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 500 ml (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). The correction factor used for dilution was 1.00037.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp.; Johnson, K.M., Kortzinger, A.; Mintrop, L.; Duinker, J.C.; and Wallace, D.W.R. (1999). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations. Marine Chemistry 67:123 to 44.; Johnson, K.M., Wills, K.D.; Butler, D.B.; Johnson, W.K.; and Wong, C.S. (1993). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction.; Johnson, K.M. (1992). Operator Manual: Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) for Total Carbon Dioxide (CT) with Coulometric Detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y.; Johnson, K.M.; Williams, P.J.; Brandstrom, L.; and McN. Sieburth, J. (1987). Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Marine Chemistry 21:117 to 33.; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TAlk; Unit: micro-mol/kg; Observation type: Profile/underway (flow through); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle / flow through system; Analyzing instrument: Semi-automatic titration systems, System 1 consists of a Metrohm 765 Dosimat titrator, a pH meter (Orion 720A, ThermoScientific), a ROSS half cell pH glass electrode (Orion 9101BN, ThermoScientific) and a reference electrode (Orion 900200, ThermoScientific). System 2 consists of a Metrohm 665 Dosimat titrator, a pH meter (Orion 2 star pH Benchtop, ThermoScientific), a ROSS half cell pH glass electrode (Orion 9101BN, ThermoScientific) and a reference electrode (Orion 900200, ThermoScientific).; Type of titration: Full Titration; Cell type (open or closed): Open; Curve fitting method: Least-Square Analysis; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: All of the samples were run using leftover water from the same sample bottles used for DIC and pH. Please refer to DIC for detailed information on sampling and conservation of samples. For each measurement, approximately 200 ml of water sample were titrated with an HCl solution provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson of UCSD (0.25175 moles per kilogram-solution). Please consult the accompanying Readme file for additional details.; Replicate information: 123 samples each 500-ml, 12 sets of duplicate samples.; Standardization description: 2 CRM samples were run daily on each cell, before and after the seawater samples. The Total Alkalinity for the water samples was corrected using the daily averaged ratios between the certified and measured values of the 2 CRMs run on each cell. This TA titration system has a precision of 0.1 %. All the TA values were directly measured with reference to Certified Reference Material. The accuracy after correction is 0.1%. Please check attached pdf for more details.; Standardization frequency: All values were directly measured with reference to Certified Reference Material (Dickson, UCSD). 2 CRM samples were run daily on each cell.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD; CRM batch number: CRM batch: 169 and 173; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Uncertainty: The precision of this method is better than 0.1% and accuracy is 0.1%.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Millero, F. J., Zhang, J. Z., Lee, K., and Campbell, D. M. (1993). Titration alkalinity of seawater. Marine Chemistry, 44(2), 153-165.; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: Total; Observation type: Profile/underway (flow through); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle / flow through system; Analyzing instrument: Agilent 8453 spectrometer setup with a custom-made temperature-controlled cell holder; Temperature of pH measurement: 20 (+/- 0.05) degrees Celsius; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The same sample bottle was used for pH, DIC and Talk analyses, with pH being analyzed first. The samples were fixed with HgCl2 (refer to DIC for more information on sampling and storage). Samples were thermostated at 20 (+/- 0.05) degrees Celsius in a water bath. Approximately 80 ml of sample were extracted from each DIC sample bottle by syringe before DIC analysis to determine the pH. Temperature for each sample was measured before analysis using a Hart Scientific Fluke 1523 reference thermometer. Absorbance blanks were taken for each sample and 10 micro liter of purified m-cresol purple (10 mmol kg-1) were added for the analysis. The equations of Liu et al, 2011 formulated using the purified m-cresol purple indicator were used to determine pH of the samples. pH samples were analyzed at 20C. Please check accompanying readme file for additional details.; Replicate information: 123 samples each 500-ml, 12 sets of duplicate samples.; Standardization description: The pH is calibration-free.; At what temperature was pH reported: 25 degrees Celsius and pH temperature at analysis; Uncertainty: Please check attached pdf for more details; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Liu, X.; Patsavas, M.C.; and Byrne, R. H. (2011). Purification and characterization of meta-cresol purple for spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(11), 4862-4868. https://doi.org/10.1021/es200665d; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Parameter or Variable: Depth of water at station; Abbreviation: Depth_station; Unit: meters; Observation type: Profile; Measured or calculated: Measured or calculated; Calculation method and parameters: Calculated from ETOPO1 global relief (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html) when sounder or altimeter data not available; Sampling instrument: Sounder or altimeter, models vary; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Ship based sounder used when available. Depth from an altimeter on the CTD may also be used. Where neither of theses sources were available (typically due to water depth exceeding sounder's detection limit), depth may be estimated using the ETOPO1 bathymetry.; Uncertainty: Uncertainty varies with source; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Dr. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Depth of water at sample collection; Abbreviation: Depth_sampling; Unit: meters; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus 1 meter (data has also been vertically binaveraged to 1 decibar bins); Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Dr. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Water pressure; Abbreviation: CTDPRS; Unit: decibars; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus decibar (data has also been vertically binaveraged to 1 decibar bins); Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Dr. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Water temperature; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: degrees celsius (ITS-90); Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.001 degrees celsius; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Dr. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Unit: practical salinity scale of 1978; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Seasave 7, calculated from temperature and conductivity; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: CTD Salinity values were validated using water samples collected during profiles. Corrections were applied when needed.; Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.01 PSS-78; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Dr. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Potential density at surface pressure; Abbreviation: Sigma-Theta; Unit: kilograms per cubic meter minus 1000; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Calculation method and parameters: SeaBird Seasave 7 from measured temperature, conductivity and pressure; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.01 kilograms per cubic meter; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Dr. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: CTDOXYmg; Unit: milligrams per liter; Observation type: Profile; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE-43 dissolved oxygen sensor; Uncertainty: plus or minus 2 percent of saturation; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Dr. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE-43 dissolved oxygen sensor; Uncertainty: plus or minus 2 percent of saturation; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Dr. Christopher Melrose; Researcher institution: NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center Parameter or Variable: Silicic acid concentration; Abbreviation: SILCAT; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile/underway (flow through); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SeaBird 32 Carousel Water Sampler; Analyzing instrument: The samples are analyzed using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Water samples collected during vertical CTD profiles, analysis of Samples performed by Maura Thomas, University of Maine; Uncertainty: 0.22 micromolar detection limit; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine Parameter or Variable: Nitrate and Nitrite total concentration; Abbreviation: NITRIT+NITRAT; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile/underway (flow through); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SeaBird 32 Carousel Water Sampler; Analyzing instrument: The samples are analyzed using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Water samples collected during vertical CTD profiles, analysis of Samples performed by Maura Thomas, University of Maine; Uncertainty: 0.12 micromolar detection limit; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine Parameter or Variable: Ammonia concentration; Abbreviation: AMMONIA; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile/underway (flow through); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SeaBird 32 Carousel Water Sampler; Analyzing instrument: The samples are analyzed using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Water samples collected during vertical CTD profiles, analysis of Samples performed by Maura Thomas, University of Maine; Uncertainty: 0.14 micromolar detection limit; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine Parameter or Variable: Phosphate concentration; Abbreviation: PHSPHT; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile/underway (flow through); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: SeaBird 32 Carousel Water Sampler; Sampling instrument: The samples are analyzed using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3; Duration: Water samples collected during vertical CTD profiles, analysis of Samples performed by Maura Thomas, University of Maine; Replicate information: 0.17 micromolar detection limit; Uncertainty: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Quality flag convention: Whitledge, T.E., D.M. Veidt, S.C. Mallow, C.J. Patton, C.D. Wirick. 1986. Automated nutrient analyses in seawater. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Publication BNL 38990, 177 p.; Researcher name: David Townsend and Maura Thomas; Researcher institution: University of Maine Parameter or Variable: ; Abbreviation: Niskin_nuts; Observation type: Profile; Sampling instrument: SeaBird 32 Carousel Water Sampler; Analyzing instrument: The samples are analyzed using a Bran-Luebbe Autoanalyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Niskin bottle from where nutrients were sampled, often different from Niskin used for CO2 parameteres, but tripped at the same depth. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe Niskin bottle Niskin bottle Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle? nutrient autoanalyzer nutrient autoanalyzer Laboratory Instrument Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample. For example: SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer oxygen sensor oxygen sensor Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound. titrator titrator titrator NOAA Ship Henry B. Bigelow Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Fishery Research Vessel (Oceanographic) DOB: Jun 2006 IMO: 9349057 NOAA Ship HENRY B. BIGELOW was launched on July 8, 2005 and commissioned by NOAA on July 16, 2007. For more information, see http://www.moc.noaa.gov/hb. Submitted by NODC to ICES on 2010-09-08. Confirmed in ICES by NOAA on 2012-10-02.