gov.noaa.nodc:0189618 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-05-16T15:47:49Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Water temperature, salinity, beam attenuation, and other parameters from CTD from the research vessel Knorr in the Western North Atlantic from 1979-09-09 to 1979-10-01 (NCEI Accession 0189618) 2019-07-03 publication 2019-06-02 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0189618 NCEI Archive Management System 0189618 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Wilford D. Gardner Texas A&M University (TAMU) https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University (TAMU) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Texas A&M University (TAMU) https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University (TAMU) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Wilford D. Gardner US Navy/Office of Naval Research (ONR) wgardner@ocean.tamu.edu https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS US Navy/Office of Naval Research (ONR) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Mary Jo Richardson Texas A&M University (TAMU) mrichardson@ocean.tamu.edu https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University (TAMU) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Gardner, Wilford D. Texas A&M University https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University (TAMU) website Institution web page information author Richardson, Mary Jo Texas A&M University https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University (TAMU) website Institution web page information author Mishonov, Alexey V. University of Maryland https://www.umd.edu/ HTTPS University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) website Institution web page information author Rebecca Gray Thomas Texas A&M University (TAMU) https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University (TAMU) website Institution web page information processor Kenna Nolen Texas A&M University (TAMU) https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University (TAMU) website Institution web page information processor US Navy/Office of Naval Research (ONR) contributor Texas A&M University (TAMU) https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University (TAMU) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains water temperature, salinity, beam attenuation, and other parameters taken by CTD/transmissometer collected in 1979 during the High-Energy Benthic Boundary-Layer Experiment (HEBBLE, https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/handle/1912/10611), a program designed to test the hypothesis that seabed modifications can result from contemporary local erosion and deposition. We observed several 'benthic storms' that re-suspended record-high concentrations of particulate matter – filtered samples showed up to 12,700 µg/l. As part of HEBBLE activities, full water column CTD/Transmissometer/Nephelometer data were collected at 44 stations during R/V Knorr cruise KN74 (09/09/1979-10/01/1979). Beam attenuation data were acquired with a 1-m path-length red LED (660 nm wavelength) SeaTech transmissometer interfaced with the CTD. A Lamont nephelometer (Gardner et al., 1985) was attached to the wire above the CTD (nephelometer data not included in this data submission). Although many papers were published based on HEBBLE data (including Gardner et al., 1985, which made the first and only evaluation of particle concentrations from a transmissometer and a Lamont nephelometer using simultaneous profiles through the water column and a three-month time series on a bottom tripod) no electronic copies of the KN74 CTD/Transmissometer data were preserved. The data survived only as tabular printouts made in the late 1970’s from now lost magnetic tape. Because of the uniqueness of the record-high particulate matter concentrations, with ambient current velocities of up to 70 cm/sec near the seafloor, it was important to rescue and preserve these data. Attempts to scan and apply OCR to the data with standard copying/scanning machines proved futile. Texas A&M University Library Digital Service Center (https://library.tamu.edu/services/print_scan_copy.html) scanned our 685 pages of tables using an advanced Supra Scan Quartz A00-Cam Quartz HD scanner, utilizing ABBYY Fine Reader OCR and PDF software (https://www.abbyy.com/en-us/finereader/), which is more frequently used in the humanities for digital preservation and conservation. Final scans were markedly better, but still contained many errors because of low quality originals. Two students (Rebecca Gray Thomas and Kenna Nolen) performed QA/QC of the 685 pages of data. Through tedious effort, they successfully corrected the data, thus making it possible to load data into a database management system to visualize and analyze data profiles, make maps and sections, perform and publish further scientific analyses, and submit data to publicly accessible archives for preservation and use by future generations. Data are in text format. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Agency: US Navy; Office of Naval Research completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0189618 Preview graphic PNG 0189618 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2019-05-28 publication LIGHT TRANSMISSION SALINITY WATER DENSITY WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS CTD transmissometer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS in situ physical theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS R/V Knorr platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Texas A&M University US Navy/Office of Naval Research dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Texas A&M University dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS HIGH ENERGY BENTHIC BOUNDARY EXP. (HEBBLE) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS North Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > DENSITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth TRANSMISSOMETERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian KNORR (call sign: KCEJ, ICES code: 316N, 1970-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian U85L9N Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Gardner, Wilford D.; Richardson, Mary Jo; Mishonov, Alexey V. (2019). Water temperature, salinity, beam attenuation, and other parameters from CTD from the research vessel Knorr in the Western North Atlantic from 1979-09-09 to 1979-10-01 (NCEI Accession 0189618). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0189618. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Gardner, W. D., Biscaye, P. E., Zaneveld, J. R. V., & Richardson, M. J. (1985). Calibration and comparison of the LDGO nephelometer and the OSU transmissometer on the Nova Scotian rise. Marine Geology, 66(1–4), 323–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90037-4 1985-08 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90037-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90037-4 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90037-4 related journal article information Gardner, Wilford D. author Biscaye, Pierre E. author Zaneveld, J.Ronald V. author Richardson, Mary Jo author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Marine Geology 66(1-4) ISSN 0025-3227, pp. 323-344 crossReference sciencePaper Gardner, W. D., Richardson, M. J., & Mishonov, A. V. (2018). Global assessment of benthic nepheloid layers and linkage with upper ocean dynamics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 482, 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.008 2018-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.008 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.008 related journal article information Gardner, Wilford D. Texas A&M University https://www.tamu.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University (TAMU) website Institution web page information author Richardson, Mary Jo author Mishonov, Alexey V. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Earth and Planetary Science Letters 482 ISSN 0012-821X, pp. 126-134 crossReference sciencePaper Gardner, W. D., Jo Richardson, M., Mishonov, A. V., & Biscaye, P. E. (2018). Global comparison of benthic nepheloid layers based on 52 years of nephelometer and transmissometer measurements. Progress in Oceanography, 168, 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.09.008 2018-11 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.09.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.09.008 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.09.008 related journal article information Gardner, Wilford D. author Jo Richardson, Mary author Mishonov, Alexey V. author Biscaye, Pierre E. author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Progress in Oceanography 168 ISSN 0079-6611, pp. 100-111 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -65.49 -59.04 39.02 42.19 1979-09-09 1979-10-01 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 3.536 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0189618 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/189618 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/189618 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0140/0189618/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0189618 v1.1 was published. 2019-07-03T22:03:34Z NCEI Accession 0189618 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0189618/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0189618 v1.1 published 2019-07-03T22:03:34Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: TEMPERATURE - WATER [WATER TEMPERATURE] (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Parameter or Variable: SALINITY (calculated); Units: PSS-78; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Parameter or Variable: WATER DENSITY (calculated); Units: kg/m3; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Parameter or Variable: Light transmission (measured); Units: % transmission; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: transmissometer asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe transmissometer transmissometer transmissometer Instrument used to measure transmissivity in NODC File Alias F022. R/V Knorr Title: R/V Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel (Oceanographic) DOB: 1970 IMO: 7738618 MMSI: 367246000