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                            <gmd:URL>https://epsg.org/home.html</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>European Petroleum Survey Group Geodetic Parameter Registry</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Registry that accesses the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset, which is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:title>
            <gco:CharacterString>ES60 Water Column Sonar Data Collected During BE201301</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:title>
          <gmd:date>
            <gmd:CI_Date>
              <gmd:date>
                <gco:Date>2013-08-01</gco:Date>
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                <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="creation">creation</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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            <gmd:CI_Date>
              <gmd:date>
                <gco:Date>2022-12-27</gco:Date>
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                <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:actuate="onRequest" xlink:href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25921/ffk8-8b11" xlink:title="DOI">doi:https://doi.org/10.25921/ffk8-8b11</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:organisationName>
              <gmd:role>
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          <gmd:citedResponsibleParty xlink:title="publisher - National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)">
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema.xsd" uuid="f5f40828-3d4a-42fa-b938-d3b5f965b1b7">
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                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
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              </gmd:role>
            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:citedResponsibleParty xlink:title="principleInvestigator - Alex De Robertis">
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi http://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema.xsd" uuid="f32427ee-d310-40c9-86c6-8dc7293bbdca">
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                        <gco:CharacterString />
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        <gco:CharacterString>A broad-scale, baseline acoustic-trawl surveys of pelagic fishes were conducted in late summer 2013 over the continental shelf of the ice-free U.S. northern Bering and Chukchi Seas on the F/V Bristol Explorer, a 55 m chartered fishing vessel. The goal of this work was to characterize the abundance and distribution of abundant pelagic fishes in the area to better understand the structure and function of these ecosystems. Fish species of interest included commercial subarctic species, which could expand northward in response to warming. The survey was conducted along 0.5 degree spaced transect lines from 59.75N to 73N between 170W and 157W. The primary water column acoustic instrument for the survey was a Simrad ES60 scientific echosounder equipped with a Simrad ES38-10 38 kHz transducer and ES120-7C 120 kHz transducer. The ship departed Dutch Harbor, AK on 01 August 2013, making intermediate port calls to Nome AK before ending in Dutch Harbor, AK on 29 September 2013. The echosounder was calibrated with a 38.1 mm tungsten-carbide sphere via the standard sphere method during the survey in the southern Chukchi Sea on 13 August 2013. The results of these surveys and further description of data collection are available in: De Robertis, A., Taylor, K., Wilson, C., and Farley, E. 2017. Abundance and Distribution of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and other Pelagic Fishes over the U.S. Continental Shelf of the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas Deep-Sea Research II, 135: 51-65.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.03.002</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>The abundance and distribution of midwater fishes in the Pacific Arctic remains poorly understood. As there are no large-scale commercial fisheries in the U.S. Arctic north of the Bering Strait, broad-scale abundance surveys are not regularly conducted to inform fisheries management. Here we
report on two, broad-scale, baseline acoustic-trawl surveys of pelagic fishes conducted in late summer 2012 and 2013 over the continental shelf of the ice-free U.S. northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. The goal of this work was to characterize the abundance and distribution of abundant pelagic fishes in the
area.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact</gmd:URL>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Contact Information</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Information for contacts at NCEI.</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>325 Broadway, Mail Code E/NE42</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Boulder</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>USA</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>wcd.info@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName xlink:title="GCMD Science Keywords">
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                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords</gmd:URL>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Chukchi Sea</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName xlink:title="GCMD Data Center Keywords">
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Vertical Location &gt; Water Column</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>In Situ/Laboratory Instruments &gt; Profilers/Sounders &gt; Acoustic Sounders &gt; WCMS &gt; Water Column Mapping System</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:Date>2020-01-09</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords</gmd:URL>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite as: NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center. 2022. ES60 Water Column Sonar Data Collected During BE201301. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/ffk8-8b11 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact</gmd:URL>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Free</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:orderingInstructions>
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            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/water-column-sonar/index.html?surveys=BE201301&amp;instruments=ES60</gmd:URL>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Water Column Sonar Data Map Viewer</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Interactive map viewer to allow discovery and access to water column sonar data</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                    <gmd:URL>https://registry.opendata.aws/ncei-wcsd-archive/</gmd:URL>
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                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/wcd/</gmd:URL>
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                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Water Column Sonar Data Archive Homepage</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Web page containing information on the water column sonar data archive.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
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                    <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="calibration_time">
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    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Acoustic backscatter at 38 and 120 kHz was measured using a split-beam Simrad ES60 echosounder equipped with hull-mounted ES38-10 and ES120-7C transducers at a depth of 3.7 m. Data were recorded and stored as Simrad EK60 formatted RAW files. Acoustic data were primarily collected at a ping rate of 2.5 s-1 and a pulse length of 0.512 milliseconds. During the deep (&gt; 500 m) portions of the 2013 deep-water survey, data were collected at a ping rate of 0.4 s-1, and a pulse length of 1 millisecond at 120 kHz and 4 milliseconds at 38 kHz to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The ES60 echosounder is subject to a systematic error that introduces a maximum amplitude error of ± 0.5 dB (± 12 % in linear units) which was corrected by fitting the error to the otherwise constant transmit pulse and correcting the raw acoustic data (See Demer et al., 2015, section 4.1.2). The echosounder was calibrated once during the cruise using the standard sphere technique (Demer et al., 2015). A text file (*.ecs) containing the parameters used to process both shallow and deep settings (De Robertis et al., 2017) are provided. Demer, D. A., Berger, L., Bernasconi, M., Bethke, E., Boswell, K., Chu, D., Domokos, R. et al. 2015. Calibration of acoustic instruments. ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 326. 133 pp.</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:voice>
                            <gco:CharacterString>+47 3303 4000 (Norway)</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:voice>
                          <gmd:facsimile>
                            <gco:CharacterString>+47 3304 2987 (Norway)</gco:CharacterString>
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                      </gmd:phone>
                      <gmd:address>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>P.O. Box 111</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Strandpromenaden 50</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:deliveryPoint>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Norway</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:country>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>contact@simrad.com</gco:CharacterString>
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                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
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                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Information on the Simrad ES60 including file format documentation.</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="resourceProvider" codeSpace="001">resourceProvider</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmi:citation>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>Simrad ES60</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>singlebeam</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>The Simrad ES60 is an echo sounder capable of single, dual or split beam configurations.  It is designed as a professional fish finder for fishing vessels and for fisheries surveys onboard research vessels. It can operate four echo sounder frequencies simultaneously ranging from 12 to 200 kHz, which allows it to both locate and identify separate fish species. Real time echo integration and target strength analysis in an unlimited number of layers is provided as well as storage of raw data for replay or analysis in post-processing software packages.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:operation>
        <gmi:MI_Operation>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>BE201301_ES60_processed</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:status>
            <gmd:MD_ProgressCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ProgressCode" codeListValue="completed">completed</gmd:MD_ProgressCode>
          </gmi:status>
          <gmi:parentOperation gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
        </gmi:MI_Operation>
      </gmi:operation>
      <gmi:platform xlink:title="Bristol Explorer">
        <gmi:MI_Platform xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi http://ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema.xsd" uuid="9150c25a-a8e0-477a-976a-38678dcec958">
          <gmi:citation>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Bristol Explorer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmi:citation>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>Bristol Explorer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>BRISTOL EXPLORER is a Fishing vessel built in 1982 by VT HALTER MARINE MOSS POINT - MOSS POINT MS, U.S.A.. Currently sailing under the flag of United States (USA). Formerly also known as BPISTOLEXPLORAR, BRJSTOLEXPLORER, SEA CO QUEEN. It's gross tonnage is 727 tons.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument>
            <gmi:MI_Instrument>
              <gmi:identifier>
                <gmd:MD_Identifier>
                  <gmd:code>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Simrad ES60</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:code>
                </gmd:MD_Identifier>
              </gmi:identifier>
              <gmi:type>
                <gco:CharacterString />
              </gmi:type>
              <gmi:description>
                <gco:CharacterString />
              </gmi:description>
            </gmi:MI_Instrument>
          </gmi:instrument>
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>