Metadata Identifier: gov.noaa.ngdc.stp.solar:solar-features_solar-flares

Aggregation Info | Bands | Citations | Constraints | Coverage Descriptions | Dimensions | Extents | Formats | Geographic Bounding Box
Georectified Information | Georeferenceable Information | Identifiers | Instruments | Mediums | OnlineResources | Operations
Platforms | Process Steps | Range Elements | Reference Systems | Responsible Parties | Series | Sources | Spatial Grids | Temporal Extents

MD_DataIdentification

Count Component Title Abstract
1 Solar Features - Solar Flares A solar flare is a short-lived sudden increase in the intensity of radiation emitted in the neighborhood of sunspots. For many years it was best monitored in the H-alpha wavelength and occurs in the chromosphere, though occasionally white light flares are seen in the photosphere. In modern times the solar X-ray wavelengths are monitored via satellite for solar flares. Flares are characterized by a rise time of the order of minutes and a decay time of the order of tens of minutes. The total energy expended in a typical flare is about 1030 ergs; the magnetic field is extraordinarily high reaching values of 100 to 10,000 gauss. Optical flares in H-alpha are usually accompanied by radio and X-ray bursts and occasionally by high-energy particle emissions. The optical brightness and size of the flare are indicated by a two-character code called "importance." The first character, a number from 1 to 4, indicates the apparent area. For areas of less than 1, an "S" is used to designate a subflare. The second character indicates relative brilliance: B for bright, N for normal and F for faint. A general discussion of solar flares is found in Svestka [1976]. The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (formerly NGDC) holds archives for about 80 stations, covering the period 1938 to the present. Currently 5 stations send their data to NGDC Boulder on a routine monthly basis -- the current main observing emphasis for Space Weather has transitioned to Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) which directly impact the Earth's geomagnetic field. Solar flares impact the Earth's upper atmosphere and can eject high energy particles that can cause satellite failures. The flare reports were processed and published in the monthly report "Solar-Geophysical Data" and in a different format in the IAU "Quarterly Bulletin on Solar Activity."
Top

SV_Identification

none found
Top

CI_Citation

Count Component Title Date Citation Identifier
1 Collection included as a part of the NGDC Official Archive.
    2014-08-08
1 GCMD Data Center Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 GCMD Project Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0.
    2007
1 NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0.
    2007
1 NASA/GCMD Location Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0.
    2007
1 NASA/GCMD Platform Keywords; Olsen, L.M., G. Major, K. Shein, J. Scialdone, R. Vogel, S. Leicester, H. Weir, S. Ritz, T. Stevens, M. Meaux, C.Solomon, R. Bilodeau, M. Holland, T. Northcutt, R. A. Restrepo, 2007 . NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords. Version 6.0.0.0.0.
    2007
1 Solar Features - Solar Flares
    2014-08-10
solarFeatures
1 Solar Flares: Flare Index
    1 Solar Flares: Flare Patrol
      1 Solar Flares: H-alpha
        1 Solar Flares: SIDs
          1 Solar Flares: X-rays
            Top

            CI_Series

            none found
            Top

            CI_ResponsibleParty

            Count Component Individual Organization Position Email Role Linkage
            1 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce resourceProvider
            1 Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute jeofizik@boun.edu.tr resourceProvider http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/jeofizik/
            2 GCMD Landing Page NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Data and Information System custodian https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords
            1 NCEI (publisher) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher
            1 Anna Milan NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Metadata Specialist editor
            4 NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) solar.ngdc@noaa.gov resourceProvider https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/
            1 These data were acquired from various providers. Please reference the recommended citation text within the documentation section associated with each dataset. Overall Scientific Data Stewardship provided by the National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce. originator
            4 William Denig (pointOfContact) William Denig DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce solar.ngdc@noaa.gov pointOfContact
            1 William Denig DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce processor
            Top

            CI_OnlineResource

            Count Component Linkage Name Description Function
            1 http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/jeofizik/ Department of Geophysics, Bogazici University Geophysics Department at Bogazici University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute gives the highest priority to original research with the aim of promoting young researchers and scientists reflecting the mobility of the modern science and the fast progress in technology within their research, together with the essential human qualities such as environmental awareness and preservation of the nature, while identifying and providing solutions in the part of the world we are living.
            2 https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/find-data/idn/gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information
            4 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) provides scientific stewardship, products, and services for geophysical data from the Sun to the Earth and Earth's sea floor and solid earth environment, including Earth observations from space.
            1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/space-weather/solar-data/solar-features/solar-flares/ Space Flares Various datasets on hydrogen-alpha flares, x-ray flares and related information.
            Top

            MD_Identifier or RS_Identifier

            Count Component Code
            2
            1 solarFeatures
            Top

            EX_Extent

            Bounding Box Temporal Extent
            Count Component Description West East North South Start End
            1 Data acquired from NOAA observing systems plus other datasets provided through the World Data Service for Geophysics, Boulder. -180 180 90 -90 1938-01-01 Present
            1 1938-01-01 Present
            1 1938-04-01 2010-12-30
            1 1955-01-10 2010-11-30
            1 1976-01-01 2009-12-31
            1 1968-03-21 2011-02-28
            1 1958-03-01 2010-09-28
            Top

            EX_GeographicBoundingBox

            Count Component West East North South
            1 -180 180 90 -90
            Top

            EX_TemporalExtent

            Count Component Start End
            2 1938-01-01 Present
            1 1938-04-01 2010-12-30
            1 1955-01-10 2010-11-30
            1 1976-01-01 2009-12-31
            1 1968-03-21 2011-02-28
            1 1958-03-01 2010-09-28
            Top

            MD_Format

            Count Component Name Version specification
            1 TBD Some data provided in non-standard formats
            1 pdf Most data provided as ASCII text files.
            1 txt Some data provide in American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) text format.
            Top

            MD_Medium

            Count Component Name mediumFormat mediumNote
            1
            Top

            MD_Constraints

            Count Component Use Limitation
            Top

            MD_ReferenceSystem

            none found
            Top

            MD_GridSpatialRepresentation

            none found
            Top

            MD_Georeferenceable or MI_Georeferenceable

            none found
            Top

            MD_Georectified or MI_Georectified

            none found
            Top

            MD_Dimension

            none found
            Top

            MD_CoverageDescription or MI_CoverageDescription

            Count Component Attribute Description Content Type
            1
            Top

            MD_Band or MI_Band

            Count Component Identifier Descriptor
            1 Tables and Listings of Solar Flares
            1 Collection includes a variety of solar-flare datasets
            1
            Top

            MI_RangeElementDescription

            none found
            Top

            MD_AggregateInformation

            none found
            Top

            LE_Source or LI_Source

            Count Component Title Date Description
            1 Collection included as a part of the NGDC Official Archive. 2014-08-08 The NOAA Solar and Terrestrial Physics Division is responsible for managing this collection.
            1 Solar Flares: Flare Index Daily flare activity index.
            1 Solar Flares: Flare Patrol Solar H-alpha Flare Patrol.
            1 Solar Flares: H-alpha Flares observed in H-alpha.
            1 Solar Flares: SIDs Sudden ionospheric disturbances.
            1 Solar Flares: X-rays Flares observed in x-rays.
            Top

            LE_ProcessStep or LI_ProcessStep

            Count Component DateTime Description
            1 Datasets prepared by professional staff within the Solar and Terrestrial Physics Division at the National Geophysical Data Center.
            1 2014-08-01T00:00:00 Datasets have been organized into various reports and tables.
            1 2015-04-22T00:00:00 NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
            Top

            MI_Operation

            none found
            Top

            MI_Platform

            Count Component Code Description
            1 Solar observatories
            Top

            MI_Instrument

            Count Component Code Type Description
            2
            Top