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AFSC/ABL: Autonomous underwater vehicle for tracking acoustically-tagged fish 2010
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Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are increasingly being used to collect physical,
chemical, and biological information in the marine environment. Recent efforts have
been made to merge AUV technology with acoustic telemetry to provide information on
the distribution and movements of marine fish. During 2010, we conducted a study
in coastal waters near Juneau, Alaska to determine the feasibility of using AUVs to
locate marine species under rigorous field conditions, and to compare this approach
with traditional vessel-based tracking. Tracking surveys were conducted with a REMUS
100 AUV equipped with an integrated acoustic receiver and hydrophone. The AUV was
programmed to navigate along predetermined routes to detect acoustic transmitters
within the area. Comparable surveys were conducted with a boat equipped with acoustic
tracking gear. Moorings with transmitters at 20-500 m were deployed to provide acoustic
targets at known locations and depths. Marine fishes and crabs were tagged to provide
mobile targets. Transmitter depth had a major impact on tracking performance. The
AUV was equally effective or better detecting reference transmitters in shallow water,
and significantly better than the boat for transmitters at deeper depths. Similar
results were observed for the tagged animals. Crabs at moderate depths were recorded
by both tracking methods, while only the AUV detected fish at depths exceeding 500
m. The AUV periodically had difficulty navigating and maintaining course due to the
strong currents and extreme depths in the area. AUVs with greater cruising speeds,
increased operating depths, and improved navigation would enhance AUV performance
in marine environments.
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