Metadata Identifier: gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.hazards:19600522marigram

Aggregation Info | Bands | Citations | Constraints | Coverage Descriptions | Dimensions | Extents | Formats | Geographic Bounding Box
Georectified Information | Georeferenceable Information | Identifiers | Instruments | Mediums | OnlineResources | Operations
Platforms | Process Steps | Range Elements | Reference Systems | Responsible Parties | Series | Sources | Spatial Grids | Temporal Extents

MD_DataIdentification

Count Component Title Abstract
1 Archival and Discovery of May 22, 1960 Tsunami Event on Marigrams NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information have more than 3,000 tsunami marigram (tide gauge) records in both image and paper format. The majority of these tsunami marigram records were scanned to high-resolution digital tiff images during the NOAA Climate Data Modernization Program (CDMP). There still remain shelves full of deteriorating paper records that are in need of rescue reformatting to scanned images before they are lost. The 1946 tsunami is one of four 20th century tsunami events which are historically important but data during each reside only on the marigram records. The 1946 tsunami was the impetus for establishment of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center after impact to the Hawaiian Islands. The 1952, 1960, and 1964 tsunamis were each generated by three of the greatest of all recorded earthquakes. The 1960 tsunami, in particular, was generated by the largest earthquake ever recorded, a magnitude 9.5 off the central coast of Chile. Measurements of these tsunamis are expected to provide researchers with important information linking earthquake rupture to tsunami generation and propagation characteristics. All data reformatted as part of this project will be brought into compliance with NOAA Data Directives and meet the requirements for Data Management, Discoverability, Accessibility, Documentation, Readability, and Data Preservation and Stewardship as per the Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI). BEDI is designed to promote interoperability of Earth observation data across Federal agencies, systems and platforms through the improvement of data management practices and increased discoverability, accessibility, and usability of data collections.
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SV_Identification

none found
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CI_Citation

Count Component Title Date Citation Identifier
1 Archival and Discovery of May 22, 1960 Tsunami Event on Marigrams
    2017-06-01
doi:10.7289/V51R6NQJ
1 Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI): Archival and Discovery of 1946, 1952, 1960, 1964 Tsunami Events on Marigrams
    2017-06-01
1 NASA/GCMD Data Center Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Location Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
    2024
1 NASA/GCMD Platform Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Project Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords
    2020-01-09
1 NASA/GCMD Science Keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
    2024
1 GraphClick

1 Marigrams recording tsunamis generated by the May 22, 1960 earthquake
    2017-06-01

11 None
    2 The Tsunami of May 22, 1960, as Recorded at Tide Stations
      1960-10-07
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    CI_Series

    none found
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    CI_ResponsibleParty

    Count Component Individual Organization Position Email Role Linkage
    2 DOC/ESSA/CGS > Coast and Geodetic Survey originator
    1 DOC/NOAA > Center for Tsunami Research processor
    3 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact
    1 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information originator
    1 DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information publisher
    1 DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL/NCTR > NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory originator
    6 GCMD Landing Page Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) custodian https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
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    CI_OnlineResource

    Count Component Linkage Name Description Function
    6 https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1902/balb_19600522.zip NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Balboa, Panama Data access to scanned marigram TIFF image. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1902/guam_19600522.zip NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Apra Harbor, Guam Data access to scanned marigram TIFF image. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1902/omin_19600522.zip NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Ominato, Aoromori, Honshu, Japan Data access to scanned marigram TIFF image. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1902/sewa_19600522.zip NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Seward, Alaska Data access to scanned marigram TIFF image. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/marigrams/1902/tong_19600522.zip NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Tongue Point, Astoria, Oregon Data access to scanned marigram TIFF image. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/balb_19600522.csv.gz NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Balboa, Panama Data access to scanned marigram csv data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/balb_19600522.nc NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Balboa, Panama Data access to scanned marigram netCDF data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/guam_19600522.csv.gz NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Apra Harbor, Guam Data access to scanned marigram csv data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/guam_19600522.nc NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Apra Harbor, Guam Data access to scanned marigram netCDF data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/omin_19600522.csv.gz NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Ominato, Aoromori, Honshu, Japan Data access to scanned marigram csv data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/omin_19600522.nc NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Ominato, Aoromori, Honshu, Japan Data access to scanned marigram netCDF data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/sewa_19600522.csv.gz NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Seward, Alaska Data access to scanned marigram csv data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/sewa_19600522.nc NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Seward, Alaska Data access to scanned marigram netCDF data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/tong_19600522.csv.gz NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Tongue Point, Astoria, Oregon Data access to scanned marigram csv data. download
    1 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/thredds/fileServer/marigrams/19600522_1902/digitized/tong_19600522.nc NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 22, 1960 marigram from Tongue Point, Astoria, Oregon Data access to scanned marigram netCDF data. download
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    MD_Identifier or RS_Identifier

    Count Component Code
    2
    1 doi:10.7289/V51R6NQJ
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    EX_Extent

    Bounding Box Temporal Extent
    Count Component Description West East North South Start End
    1 Coastal Tide Gauge Network of the International Community 144.6539 -149.426667 60.12 8.966667 1960-05-18T12:27:04Z 1960-05-27T15:06:18Z
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    EX_GeographicBoundingBox

    Count Component West East North South
    1 144.6539 -149.426667 60.12 8.966667
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    EX_TemporalExtent

    Count Component Start End
    1 1960-05-18T12:27:04Z 1960-05-27T15:06:18Z
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    MD_Format

    Count Component Name Version specification
    1 TIFF Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
    1 csv Comma Separated Values file (csv)
    1 netCDF 4 Unidata's Network Common Data Form (netCDF)
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    MD_Medium

    none found
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    MD_Constraints

    Count Component Use Limitation
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    MD_ReferenceSystem

    none found
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    MD_GridSpatialRepresentation

    none found
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    MD_Georeferenceable or MI_Georeferenceable

    none found
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    MD_Georectified or MI_Georectified

    none found
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    MD_Dimension

    none found
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    MD_CoverageDescription or MI_CoverageDescription

    Count Component Attribute Description Content Type
    1 Instrument Details
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    MD_Band or MI_Band

    Count Component Identifier Descriptor
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    MI_RangeElementDescription

    Count Component Name Definition
    1 Scale Scale is the scale factor from the marigram graphic to the absolute measurement of the sea surface level. It is in the format 1:#.
    1 Station Station is the general-purpose identifier for the station. It can be up to 80 alphanumeric characters.
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    MD_AggregateInformation

    Count Component Title Code Association Type Code
    1 Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI): Archival and Discovery of 1946, 1952, 1960, 1964 Tsunami Events on Marigrams largerWorkCitation
    1 Marigrams recording tsunamis generated by the May 22, 1960 earthquake crossReference
    1 The Tsunami of May 22, 1960, as Recorded at Tide Stations
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    LE_Source or LI_Source

    Count Component Title Date Description
    1 Unknown Each original marigram was a scroll of paper from which a segment of several days of time series data were scanned and stored as TIFFs, along with the Station, Scale (not always), Dates/Times of the segment (in UTC or local), and Latitude and Longitude of the Station.
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    LE_ProcessStep or LI_ProcessStep

    Count Component DateTime Description
    1 Each original marigram was a scroll of paper from which a segment of several days of time series data were scanned and stored as TIFFs, along with the Station, Scale (not always), Dates/Times of the segment (in UTC or local), and Latitude and Longitude of the Station. Marigram TIFF images were loaded into GraphClick and x,y axes were defined for 24 hour periods using the 4 known points option (coordinates at the bottom-left of the graph, bottom-right, top-left and top-right). This option was chosen over other available options to better represent images that may have had a tilted, wrinkled, warped or otherwise damaged paper record. Data points were individually added along the data curves by clicking on the center of the curved line with GraphClick recording x,y values each of those points. These x,y values were exported from GraphClick as a text file and transferred to Microsoft Excel 2016 for formatting of time, units and other general file formatting required for archival. CSV files were converted to netCDF with associated metadata. For records with curved vertical axes, one of the vertical graticules was digitized to create a table of corrections to the x axis as a function of height, and fit with a spline interpolation.
    1 On any records that included periodical height/time information written on the marigram, such values were compared with the numerical values produced by GraphClick for consistency.
    1 Values were compared against digital 1 hour data provided by the station operators where available.
    1 Each station was checked as necessary for observance with Daylight Savings Time.
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    MI_Operation

    none found
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    MI_Platform

    none found
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    MI_Instrument

    none found
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